RESUMO
Within the last decade new technologies have been developed and implemented which employ light, often in the presence of a photosensitizer, to inactivate pathogens that reside in human blood products for the purpose of transfusion. These pathogen reduction technologies attempt to find the proper balance between pathogen kill and cell quality. Each system utilizes various chemistries that not only impact which pathogens they can inactivate and how, but also how the treatments affect the plasma and cellular proteins and to what degree. This paper aims to present the various chemical mechanisms for pathogen reduction in transfusion medicine that are currently practiced or in development.
Assuntos
Furocumarinas/farmacologia , Azul de Metileno/farmacologia , Fotoferese , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Riboflavina/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/efeitos da radiação , Transfusão de Sangue , Furocumarinas/química , Humanos , Luz , Azul de Metileno/química , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/química , Riboflavina/química , Trypanosoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Trypanosoma/efeitos da radiação , Vírus/efeitos dos fármacos , Vírus/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
Studies on the effects of gamma radiation on the infectivity of Trypanosoma rangeli (strain H14) for the vector Rhodnius prolixus revealed that (i) the LD(50) (lethal dose for 50% of bugs) for uninfected insects was 4147 rads; (ii) irradiated insects with a dose of 1200 rads subsequently infected with the flagellates exhibited a mortality of 45%, while uninfected irradiated insects showed a mortality of 5%, and infected nonirradiated insects exhibited 10% mortality; (iii) flagellates were present in the hemolymph of irradiated insects 7 days postinfection (p.i.), while in nonirradiated insects the parasites appeared in the hemocoel 18 days p.i.; (iv) T. rangeli infection decreased the number of hemocytes significantly and induced the formation of nodules in the hemolymph of both irradiated and nonirradiated insects; and (v) gamma irradiation affected the ultrastructural organization of the epithelial cells of the small intestine, principally the perimicrovillar membranes and microvilli. In this paper, we discuss the significance of the intestinal microenvironment of R. prolixus with regard to its interaction with T. rangeli.