RESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Green propolis is produced by Apis mellifera honeybees using Baccharis dracunculifolia D.C. (Asteraceae) as substrate. This Southern Brazilian native plant and green propolis have been used in traditional medicine to treat gastric diseases, inflammation and liver disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY: Investigate the effects of baccharin (Bac) or p-coumaric acid (pCA) isolated from B. dracunculifolia D.C. (Asteraceae) over the inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Inflammation was induced by LPS injection into air-pouches in mice, which were subsequently treated with Bac or pCA. Lavage fluid was collected from air pouches for the quantification of cellular influx via microscopy, and quantification of inflammatory mediators via colorimetric methods, ELISA and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS: LPS-induced inflammation increased cellular influx and increased the levels of parameters related to vascular permeability and edema formation, such as nitric oxide (NO) and protein extravasation. Moreover, LPS increased the levels of cytokines and eicosanoids in the air-pouches. Importantly, both Bac and pCA suppressed the infiltration of neutrophils, production of NO and protein extravasation. Notably, the compounds promote differential regulation of cytokine and eicosanoid production. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that Bac from green propolis directly affects inflammation by inhibiting the production of cytokines and eicosanoids, while pCA may exert direct, but also indirect effects on inflammation by stimulating the production of regulatory effectors such as interkeukin-10 in vivo.
Assuntos
Baccharis/química , Ácidos Cumáricos/farmacologia , Própole/metabolismo , Tricotecenos/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Abelhas , Brasil , Ácidos Cumáricos/isolamento & purificação , Citocinas/metabolismo , Eicosanoides/metabolismo , Feminino , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Lipopolissacarídeos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Extratos Vegetais/química , Tricotecenos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
At least 20 epidemics of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat have been registered in the last 50 years in Argentina, with variable intensity. Damage induced by the disease is further aggravated by the presence of mycotoxins in affected grains that may cause health problems to humans and animals. The trichothecene chemotype was analyzed for 112 isolates of Fusarium graminearum from Argentina by polymerase chain reaction and two field trials were conducted to study the aggressiveness of a subsample of 14 representative isolates and to analyze deoxynivalenol (DON) production in planta and in vitro. All isolates belonged to the 15-acetyl-DON chemotype. Significant differences were observed in both the symptom severity induced in wheat spikes and the in vivo DON production, and a close correlation was found between these two variables. However, in vitro toxigenic potential was not correlated with the capacity of F. graminearum isolates to produce DON under natural conditions. The progress of infection in the rachis of inoculated wheat spikes was analyzed and the pathogen presence verified in both symptomatic and symptomless spikes. Even isolates with a limited capacity to induce symptoms were able to colonize the vascular tissue and to produce considerable amounts of DON in planta.
Assuntos
Fusarium/química , Micotoxinas/metabolismo , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Tricotecenos/metabolismo , Triticum/microbiologia , Argentina , Grão Comestível/microbiologia , Fusarium/genética , Fusarium/isolamento & purificação , Fusarium/fisiologia , Genótipo , Inflorescência/microbiologia , Micotoxinas/isolamento & purificação , Análise de Regressão , Tricotecenos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Baccharin (3-prenyl-4-(dihydrocinnamoyloxy)cinnamic acid) is an important chemical compound isolated from the aerial parts of Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae), a native plant of South America, and the most important plant source of Brazilian green propolis. The present study was designed to investigate the ability of baccharin to modulate the genotoxic effects induced by doxorubicin and methyl methanesulphonate in male Swiss mice using the micronucleus and comet assays, respectively. The different doses of baccharin [0.12, 0.24 and 0.48 mg/kg body-weight (b.w.)] were administered simultaneously to doxorubicin (micronucleus test; 15 mg/kg b.w.) and to methyl methanesulphonate (comet assay; 40 mg/kg b.w.). The results showed a significant decrease in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in animals treated with baccharin and doxorubicin compared to animals that received only doxorubicin. This reduction ranged from 39.8% to 50.7% in the micronucleus test. The extent of DNA damage in liver cells was significantly lower in animals treated with different concentrations of baccharin combined with methyl methanesulphonate in comparison with the damage observed for animals treated only with methyl methanesulphonate. These differences resulted in a significant reduction in the extent of DNA damage, which ranged from 47.8% to 60.6%.
Assuntos
Antimutagênicos/farmacologia , Doxorrubicina/toxicidade , Metanossulfonato de Metila/toxicidade , Tricotecenos/farmacologia , Animais , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/toxicidade , Antimutagênicos/administração & dosagem , Antimutagênicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/toxicidade , Baccharis/química , Brasil , Ensaio Cometa , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Fígado/citologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Testes para Micronúcleos , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Componentes Aéreos da Planta , Tricotecenos/administração & dosagem , Tricotecenos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a human mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, is a serious public health problem in several countries of Latin America. In our search we found that the crude extract of the endophytic fungus UFMGCB 551 was able to inhibit several clinical strains of P. brasiliensis, and was also active in the bioautographic assay against Cladosporium sphaerospermum. The endophytic fungus UFMGCB 551 was isolated from the plant Piptadenia adiantoides J.F. Macbr (Fabaceae). The fungus was identified as Fusarium sp. based on its macro- and micro-morphology, and on the sequence of the internally transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of its rRNA gene. The chromatographic fractionation of the fungal extract was guided by the bioautographic assay to afford three known trichothecene mycotoxins: T2-toxin (1) and a mixture of 8-n-butyrylneosolaniol (2) and 8-isobutyrylsolaniol (3). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the these compounds against eleven clinical strains of P. brasiliensis were evaluated and found to be in the range between 75 and 640 nmol l(-1) for 1 and 160-640 nmol l(-1) for the mixture of 2 and 3.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Fusarium/química , Paracoccidioides/efeitos dos fármacos , Tricotecenos/isolamento & purificação , Tricotecenos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/química , Cromatografia/métodos , DNA Fúngico/química , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/química , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Fabaceae/microbiologia , Fusarium/classificação , Fusarium/genética , Fusarium/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Paracoccidioides/isolamento & purificação , Paracoccidioidomicose/microbiologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Tricotecenos/químicaRESUMO
Honey bee propolis is rich in cinnamic acid derivatives. Baccharin and drupanin from Brazilian honey bee propolis are cinnamic acid derivatives that contain prenyl moieties. We previously isolated these two compounds and demonstrated that they induce an apoptotic event in several tumor cell lines. In this study, we examined the tumoricidal activity of baccharin and drupanin in mice allografted with sarcoma S-180 and also studied the genotoxic effects on normal splenocytes using the alkaline single cell gel (comet) assay. We found that both baccharin and drupanin effectively suppressed growth of the tumor. Furthermore, these compounds induced a significant genotoxic effect on the tumor cells in comparison with normal splenocytes. Thus, baccharin and drupanin are potent tumor suppressive components of honeybee propolis.
Assuntos
Cinamatos/uso terapêutico , Inibidores do Crescimento/uso terapêutico , Própole/uso terapêutico , Sarcoma 180/tratamento farmacológico , Tricotecenos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Abelhas , Brasil , Cinamatos/isolamento & purificação , Cinamatos/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais/métodos , Inibidores do Crescimento/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores do Crescimento/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Própole/isolamento & purificação , Própole/farmacologia , Sarcoma 180/patologia , Transplante Homólogo , Tricotecenos/isolamento & purificação , Tricotecenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Fifty samples of cereals including 30 of wheat (10 of wheat hard red spring), 10 of wheat soft red winter and 10 of wheat durum ámber), 10 of barley and 10 of corn (5 of white corn and 5 of yellow corn) were analyzed to detect and determine by the TLC method, the quantity of deoxynivalenol levels, which is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium species. The aw of samples and the internal and external micoflora and Fusarium spp. levels were also investigated. Results showed that the highest grade of infection (12-80%), and the highest count of total molds (3.9 Log UFC/g) were detected in wheat samples, while the highest levels of Fusarium spp. (2.3 Log UFC/g) were detected in white corn. Deoxynivalenol was found in the wheat and barley samples but not in corn. The wheat red winter soft samples showed the highest levels of deoxynivalenol (3.2 ug/g) which is over the limit levels accepted by the FDA. Correlation was not found among count of total molds, Fusarium spp., infestation grade, aw, and deoxynivalenol levels. These results suggest that it is necessary to exert measures to avoid and to control the importation of contaminated cereals with DON levels higher to those allowed.
Assuntos
Grão Comestível/química , Grão Comestível/microbiologia , Fusarium/isolamento & purificação , Tricotecenos/análise , Animais , Conservação de Alimentos/métodos , Humanos , Tricotecenos/isolamento & purificação , Microbiologia da ÁguaRESUMO
Samples of the toxic Brazilian plant, Baccharis coridifolia, which is responsible for numerous cases of livestock poisoning in southern Brazil and Argentina, were collected during the growing season, and the toxicities in calves of the plant materials were correlated with the levels of macrocyclic trichothecenes present. Female plants in flower were considerably more toxic than male plants or plants not in flower. Plants not in flower were of intermediate toxicity. The female plants in flower typically contained 5-10 times the levels of toxins as were found in the male plants. In addition, six new glucosides of the macrocyclic trichothecenes were isolated and characterized. The most prominent glucosides, those of roridins A and E, were found in high levels in the female plants.
Assuntos
Micotoxinas/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Tóxicas , Tricotecenos/isolamento & purificação , Acetilação , Animais , Animais Domésticos , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/toxicidade , Brasil , Fracionamento Químico , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Glucosídeos/química , Glucosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glucosídeos/toxicidade , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Micotoxinas/química , Micotoxinas/toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Intoxicação por Plantas/etiologia , Intoxicação por Plantas/veterinária , Plantas Tóxicas/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tricotecenos/química , Tricotecenos/metabolismo , Tricotecenos/toxicidadeRESUMO
A consecuencia de la observación de signos de intoxicación con hemorragias en cerdos después de ingeir cayotes amohosados, se analizaron furots de C. ficifolia invadidos por Fusarium spp. y cultivos puros de las cepas aisladas. la prueva cutánea en lauchas produjo, en algunos casos, edema y necrosis mientras que la prueba oral causó la muerte de los animales a las 24 y 72 h. El análisis cromatográfico en capa fina permitió comprobar la presencia de toxina T-2 y fusarenoma X en cayotes dañados. Las especies de Fusarium fueron identificadas como F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. heterisporum, F. sambucinum var. coeruleum y F. solani, las cuales producen desoxinivalenol, fusarenona X, nivalenol, toxina T-2 o zearalenona. Los resultados demuestran la probabilidad de la muerte de los cerdos se debiera a los tricotecenos producidos por los Fusarium spp. dentro de los cayotes alterados cuya ingestión es peligrosa para los animales
Assuntos
Contaminação de Alimentos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Fusarium/isolamento & purificação , Esportes com Raquete , Tricotecenos/isolamento & purificação , Especificidade da Espécie , Fusarium/metabolismoRESUMO
A consecuencia de la observación de signos de intoxicación con hemorragias en cerdos después de ingeir cayotes amohosados, se analizaron furots de C. ficifolia invadidos por Fusarium spp. y cultivos puros de las cepas aisladas. la prueva cutánea en lauchas produjo, en algunos casos, edema y necrosis mientras que la prueba oral causó la muerte de los animales a las 24 y 72 h. El análisis cromatográfico en capa fina permitió comprobar la presencia de toxina T-2 y fusarenoma X en cayotes dañados. Las especies de Fusarium fueron identificadas como F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. heterisporum, F. sambucinum var. coeruleum y F. solani, las cuales producen desoxinivalenol, fusarenona X, nivalenol, toxina T-2 o zearalenona. Los resultados demuestran la probabilidad de la muerte de los cerdos se debiera a los tricotecenos producidos por los Fusarium spp. dentro de los cayotes alterados cuya ingestión es peligrosa para los animales (AU)
Assuntos
Estudo Comparativo , Fusarium/isolamento & purificação , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Contaminação de Alimentos , Esportes com Raquete , Tricotecenos/isolamento & purificação , Fusarium/metabolismo , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Swine acute toxicosis with hemorrhages was recognized after feeding on decayed chayotes (C. ficifolia fruits). In order to elucidate the origin of this pathology, chayotes spoiled by fusaria were analyzed. The mycotoxins (T-2 toxin, fusarenon X) identified in decayed chayotes, the mice alterations and the isolated species (F. equiseli, F. graminearum, F. heterosporum, F. sambucinum var. coeruleum and F. solani), suggest that the effects on swine may be due to trichothecenes produced by fusaria within fruits, and that eating damaged chayotes is dangerous for animals.
Assuntos
Contaminação de Alimentos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Fusarium/isolamento & purificação , Tricotecenos/isolamento & purificação , Verduras , Fusarium/metabolismo , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The isolation and structural elucidation of biologically active baccharinoids B1 [11a], B2 [12a], B3 [5a], and B7 [6a] are reported with crystal structure determinations of baccharinoid B7 and of the triacetate of baccharinoid B2. All four compounds are isomeric with 11a/12a and 5a/6a being epimeric at C13'.
Assuntos
Plantas Medicinais/análise , Sesquiterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Tricotecenos/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Fenômenos Químicos , Química , Conformação Molecular , Tricotecenos/farmacologia , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
Toxic metabolites from some Fusarium poae (Peck) Wollenweber strains can produced alimentary toxic aleukia in man. In order to establish the toxicity of a F. poae strain isolated in our country, a skin test was performed in a depilated area of the flank of non-pigmented skin and white hair rabbits. The toxicity of culture extracts, measured according to the intensity of the lesions, was evidenced by the cellular degenerative processes induced. Rats fed with the same fungus strain cultured on sterile corn developed internal haemorrhages.