RESUMO
PURPOSE: Purulent or exudative genitourinary infections are a frequent cause of consultation in primary and specialized healthcare. The objectives of this study were: to determine the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and co-infections with Candida spp. and Gardnerella vaginalis in vaginal secretion; and to use multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to analyse the genetic diversity of T. vaginalis strains. METHODOLOGY: The samples were submitted for analysis (n=5230) to a third-level hospital in Granada (Southern Spain) between 2011 and 2014; eight T. vaginalis strains isolated during 2015 were randomly selected for MLST analysis. Culture and nucleic acid hybridization techniques were used to detect microorganisms in the samples. RESULTS: The prevalence of T. vaginalis was 2.4â% between 2011 and 2014, being higher during the first few months of both 2011 and 2012. Among samples positive for T. vaginalis, co-infection with G. vaginalis was detected in 29 samples and co-infection with Candida spp. in 6, while co-infection with all three pathogens was observed in 3 samples. The only statistically significant between-year difference in co-infection rates was observed for T. vaginalis with G. vaginalis due to an elevated rate in 2011. MLST analysis results demonstrated a high genetic variability among strains circulating in our setting. CONCLUSION: These findings emphasize the need for the routine application of diagnostic procedures to avoid the spread of this sexually transmitted infection.
Assuntos
Candida/classificação , Candidíase/complicações , Gardnerella vaginalis/isolamento & purificação , Variação Genética , Tricomoníase/microbiologia , Trichomonas vaginalis/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Candidíase/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/microbiologia , Coinfecção/parasitologia , Feminino , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/complicações , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espanha/epidemiologia , Tricomoníase/complicações , Tricomoníase/epidemiologia , Doenças Vaginais/epidemiologia , Doenças Vaginais/microbiologia , Doenças Vaginais/parasitologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunocytochemistry (ICC) to diagnose trichomoniasis, particularly asymptomatic infections. By culture serial dilutions, ICC was able to detect 1 trophozoite/mL, while the culture was positive up to 100 trophozoites/mL. The ICC in vivo detection capability was assessed in vaginal secretions of mice experimentally infected and in vaginal swabs from asymptomatic HIV-positive pregnant women compared with culture. All vaginal secretion samples from mice were positive according to both methods. Swabs from fifty-five asymptomatic women were positive in four (7.27%) of them by culture. Beyond these four, another ten (25.45%) women were positive by immunocytochemistry, proving their higher sensitivity (p = 0.002), noticing 3.5 times more positives. ICC had better performance in both successive dilutions as in asymptomatic women, showing higher sensitivity and specificity. In this way, its facility of execution and cost-effectiveness support its practicality, as a routine procedure to diagnose trichomoniasis not only when the parasite load is lower but probably in all clinical scenarios.
Assuntos
Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Tricomoníase/diagnóstico , Trichomonas vaginalis/fisiologia , Animais , Bioensaio , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/parasitologia , Humanos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Tricomoníase/complicaçõesRESUMO
Pleural empyema formation is one of the potential complications of lower respiratory tract infections and it is characterized by bacterial organisms seen on gram stain or the aspiration of pus on thoracentesis. Very rarely empyema can be caused by trichomonas species, of which Trichomonas Tenax appears to be the most common cause. In this article we report the case of a 51-year-old man who developed a pleural empyema caused by trichomonas, and review the available literature of this rare infection of unknown incidence and uncertain pathogenetic significance. Our patient was treated with metronidazole, however complete cure was not achieved and pulmonary decortication was necessary for the successful outcome. As far as we know, this is the first case of pleural empyema caused by trichomonas reported in Chile.
La formación de un empiema pleural es una de las potenciales complicaciones de las infecciones de la vía aérea inferior, y se caracteriza por la observación de bacterias en la tinción de Gram, o la aspiración de pus en la toracocentesis. Muy infrecuentemente el empiema puede ser causado por alguna de las especies de tricomonas, de las cuales Trichomonas Tenax parece ser la causa más común. En este artículo, reportamos el caso de un hombre de 51 años que desarrolló un empiema pleural causado por tricomonas, y revisamos la literatura disponible de esta rara infección, de incidencia desconocida, y significancia patogénica incierta. Nuestro paciente fue tratado con metronidazol, observándose sólo una respuesta parcial, necesitándose decorticación pulmonar para una recuperación completa. Hasta donde sabemos, este es el primer caso de empiema pleural causado por tricomonas reportado en Chile.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Empiema Pleural/etiologia , Empiema Pleural/terapia , Tricomoníase/complicações , Tricomoníase/terapia , Antitricômonas/uso terapêutico , Drenagem , Empiema Pleural/cirurgia , Empiema Pleural/parasitologia , Empiema Pleural/tratamento farmacológico , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Toracostomia , Tricomoníase/cirurgia , Tricomoníase/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Estudo de prevalência em amostra representativa das mulheres gestantes da intricada região do Alto Solimões
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/complicações , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/patologia , HIV , Sífilis/prevenção & controle , Tricomoníase/complicações , Tricomoníase/prevenção & controle , EpidemiologiaRESUMO
One-hundred and seventy two couples which went for the first time to the Infertility Service of the National Institute of Endocrinology from June 1999 to June 2000, were studied to find out the frequency of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in this group, and determine its interaction with a number of clinical and risk variables. The results yielded that 10.5% were positive to the parasite, the prevailing symptom was leukorrea in women and 96.6% of men showed no symptoms. It was highly significant the fact of having a previous pathological history that might be related to infertility and current T. vaginalis infection. This protozoon was frequently associated with Candida sp. and causative agents of bacterial vaginosis in women and Haemophilus influenzae in men. This parasite seems to play an important role as a likely causative agent to be considered in fertility problems.
Assuntos
Infertilidade/parasitologia , Tricomoníase/complicações , Tricomoníase/epidemiologia , Trichomonas vaginalis , Adulto , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To validate STD flow charts for the management of genital discharge and genital ulcer currently recommended by the National STD Control Programme in Brazil. METHODS: A study was conducted in five Brazilian STD clinics from January to June 1995. After an interview, a clinical examination was performed by a physician, who recorded a presumptive diagnosis, based on his/her clinical experience. This diagnosis was compared with a gold standard laboratory diagnosis in order to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of the clinical diagnosis. The validity of the simulated national flow charts was assessed using the same method. RESULTS: A total of 607 men and 348 women participated in the study. Gonorrhoea was the aetiology most frequently detected in men with urethral discharge. The sensitivity of the clinical diagnosis was far lower than the sensitivity fo the national flow chart, using the syndromic approach, for both gonococcal and chlamydial urethritis. Adding a simple laboratory test (Gram stain) to the national flow chart increased the specificity and positive predictive value for gonorrhoea. Among the women with vaginal discharge, a cervical infection was detected in 17%, a vaginal infection in 74%, and mixed infection in 9%. The sensitivity of the diagnosis for cervical infection increased from 16% (clinical aetiological approach) to 54% (when adding a syndromic approach) and to 68% when adding a risk assessment, as in the national flow charts. The cure or improved rate of genital ulcers was 96% after 1 week. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study will help to convince policy makers and those involved in training healthcare workers in Brazil of the public health advantages of the syndromic approach, as an essential part of STD/HIV control activities.
Assuntos
Algoritmos , Doenças Bacterianas Sexualmente Transmissíveis/diagnóstico , Doenças Uretrais/diagnóstico , Descarga Vaginal/diagnóstico , Adulto , Técnicas Bacteriológicas/normas , Brasil , Infecções por Chlamydia/complicações , Infecções por Chlamydia/diagnóstico , Feminino , Gonorreia/complicações , Gonorreia/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Doenças Bacterianas Sexualmente Transmissíveis/terapia , Síndrome , Tricomoníase/complicações , Tricomoníase/diagnóstico , Úlcera/microbiologia , Doenças Uretrais/etiologia , Doenças Uretrais/microbiologiaAssuntos
Diarreia Infantil/parasitologia , Tricomoníase/complicações , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
One female newborn infant with protracted diarrhea in whom associated Trichomonas homonis trophozoites were identified, is presented. Diarrhea in the infant persisted more than 30 days while in the hospital. Another causes of diarrhea, such as metabolic disorders, and bacterial, parasitic or viral infections were not identified. When furazolidone treatment was administered, the therapeutic response was very good, diarrhea disappeared and normal weight increase rate was recovered. It is pointed out that T. hominis might be a potential intestinal pathogen on human beings, specially on immunocompromised hosts, as newborn and malnourished infants are.
Assuntos
Diarreia Infantil/etiologia , Tricomoníase/complicações , Diarreia Infantil/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
A case vaginitis emphysematosa is presented, wich, with only more 170 cases in the world literature, is the second to be described in Brazilian literature, is thes second to be described in Brazilian literature. This case is associated with idiophatic trombocitopenic purpura, cardiovascular disease and Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis. The clinical aspects of this vaginitis can suggest that vlood stagnation in vaginal and cervical wall have great importance in the genesis of this situation
Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Enfisema/complicações , Tricomoníase/complicações , Vaginite/diagnóstico , Biópsia , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Tinidazol/uso terapêutico , Tricomoníase/tratamento farmacológico , Vaginite/patologia , Vaginite/fisiopatologiaAssuntos
Infecções por Campylobacter/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Dimetridazol/uso terapêutico , Nitroimidazóis/uso terapêutico , Tricomoníase/veterinária , Animais , Infecções por Campylobacter/complicações , Infecções por Campylobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Campylobacter fetus/efeitos dos fármacos , Bovinos , Masculino , Tricomoníase/complicações , Tricomoníase/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
THIS PAPER reviews the frequencies with which syphilis and chlamydial, mycoplasmal and trichomonal infections coexist with gonorrhea and the effects these infections might have on formulation of recommendations for the treatment. Since antibiotic treatment does not affect the viruses that cause genital herpes infection, condylomata acuminata, molluscum contagiosum, or hepatitis B or the parasites Sarcoptes scabiei or Phthirus pubis, and these diseases and infestations can be treated without regard to simultaneous treatment of gonococcal infection, the coincidence of these sexually transmitted diseases are not reviewed here.