RESUMO
Background: Equine cutaneous habronemiasis is common in the distal regions of the limbs. Organophosphates, appliedsystemically, one previously used treatment, which is highly effective, but currently in disuse, due to the risks of intoxication. Regional perfusion is a potential technique for distal limb wounds, since, in addition to being used in low doses, itprevents systemic circulation of the drug and possible intoxication, and has a lower treatment cost. The current work aimedto perform clinical, laboratory, and venography evaluations of the use of trichlorfon in regional intravenous perfusion, asa possible form of treatment for cutaneous habronemosis in the distal region of equine limbs.Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve equines were used, divided into 2 groups, with the left thoracic limb (LTL) beingthe test limb, and the right thoracic limb (RTL) the control limb. At moment zero (M0), distal radiography and venographywere performed. The tourniquet was then loosened and after 5 min, at moment one (M1), the tourniquet was repositionedfor 1.25 mg/kg (G1) and 5.5 mg/kg (G2) trichlorfon injections into the left thoracic limb, diluted in 20 mL of Ringers lactate solution, and 20 mL of Ringers lactate solution was applied to the right thoracic limb. The tourniquet was maintainedfor 30 min after infusion in both groups. At moment 2 (M2), 4 days later, blood tests, radiography, and venography wererepeated. Every day between M0 and M2, physical examinations were performed, including measurement of the pastern,fetlock, and coronet band, and a lameness examination. There were no significant alterations in clinical parameters, behavior, and appetite. In the blood cell count, there was an increase in leukocytes on D4 in G2, although remaining withinthe reference values for the species. The biochemical tests showed no alterations. There were no changes in the circumferences evaluated and 4 equines from G2 presented lameness in the LTL and...
Assuntos
Animais , Cavalos , Infecções por Spirurida/terapia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Perfusão/veterinária , Triclorfon/administração & dosagem , Triclorfon/uso terapêutico , Flebografia/veterináriaRESUMO
The purpose of this report was to describe the successful treatment of cutaneous habronemiasis using dexamethasone, triclorfon and policresulen in nitrofurasone ointment. The active action of these components is an anti-inflammatory effect and the removal of necrotic tissue. The ointment was effective for topical use on cutaneous habronemiasis when combined to systemic therapeutical approach and improvement of health management of stalls and stables.
Assuntos
Animais , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Infecções por Spirurida/terapia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Nitrofurazona/administração & dosagem , Triclorfon/administração & dosagemRESUMO
The purpose of this report was to describe the successful treatment of cutaneous habronemiasis using dexamethasone, triclorfon and policresulen in nitrofurasone ointment. The active action of these components is an anti-inflammatory effect and the removal of necrotic tissue. The ointment was effective for topical use on cutaneous habronemiasis when combined to systemic therapeutical approach and improvement of health management of stalls and stables.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Infecções por Spirurida/terapia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Nitrofurazona/administração & dosagem , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Triclorfon/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Twenty-four Holando Argentino male calves were treated orally with 50 mg/kg body weight trichlorphon (TCF); 0.2 mg/kg body weight subcutaneous ivermectin (IVM); a combination of TCF+IVM at the same doses and administration routes; or remained untreated (control group). All calves were necropsied at day 14 post treatment for counting and identification of worms from abomasum, small and large intestines and lungs to determine the absolute efficacy (controlled efficacy test) for each treatment. Using the faecal egg count reduction test, the efficacy was 63.7 % for TCF, 72.3 % for IVM and 99.2 % for TCF+IVM. The absolute efficacy of IVM and IVM+TCF was 100 % against Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei and Ostertagia ostertagi (p < 0.05). TCF showed a similar level of efficacy except against O. ostertagi (84.7 %). Efficacy of the treatments against Cooperia oncophora/pectinata/mcmasteri was 80.4 % for IVM, 95.7 % for TCF and 99.6 % for TCF+IVM; against Trichostrongylus colubriformis was 79 % for IVM, 86.2 % for TCF and 94.1 % for TCF+IVM; against Nematodirus helvetianus was 0 % for IVM, 100 % for TCF and 93.8 % for TCF+IVM. The efficacies of TCF, IVM and TCF+IVM were 100 % against Oesophagostomum radiatum and Trichuris spp. The efficacy of TCF against Dictyocaulus viviparus was 52 % and 100 % for IVM and IVM+TCF, respectively. This is the first report of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Nematodirus helvetianus resistant to ivermectin treatment in cattle of Argentina. The TCF+IVM combination could be an alternative for the control and treatment of nematode infections including IVM-resistant strains.
Assuntos
Antinematódeos/uso terapêutico , Doenças dos Bovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Nematoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Nematoides/veterinária , Triclorfon/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antinematódeos/administração & dosagem , Argentina , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada/veterinária , Ivermectina/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Nematoides/patogenicidade , Infecções por Nematoides/tratamento farmacológico , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterinária , Resultado do Tratamento , Triclorfon/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Infected calves from two different rural estates in Brazil were studied to assess the anthelmintic efficacy of oral trichlorfon against naturally occurring ivermectin resistant parasitic nematode strains. In experiment I, infected animals were from a region where ivermectin resistant populations of Haemoncus placei, Cooperia punctata, Cooperia spatulata and Trichuris discolor have recently been identified. Six calves with natural gastrointestinal nematode infections were treated with 48.5mg/kg aqueous trichlorfon administered orally and six calves acted as a non-treated control group. In experiment II 24 naturally infected calves were selected to enter one of four treatment groups, six animals each received: 48.5mg/kg oral trichlorfon; 200 microg/kg subcutaneous 1% ivermectin; 630 microg/kg subcutaneous 3.15% ivermectin; or no treatment (control group). Gastrointestinal helminths were counted and identified post-mortem at 7 days (trichlorfon and 1% ivermectin treated and untreated animals) or 14 days (3.15% ivermectin treated and untreated animals) after administration of the test agents. Experiment I identified a high level efficacy for oral trichlorfon against four helminth species that have previously been shown to be ivermectin resistant in this geographical region: percentage efficacy was 99.82% against adult H. placei, 99.18% against C. punctata, 99.33% against C. spatulata, 81.06% against T. axei, 98.46% against Oesophagostomum radiatum and 100% against T. discolor. Trichlorfon also showed activity against the ivermectin (1% and 3.15%) resistant helminth species identified in experiment II, attaining efficacy levels of 99.17% against H. placei, 98.46% against C. punctata and 100.00% against T. discolor. These findings indicate that oral trichlorfon is an effective treatment option in the management of cattle infected with ivermectin resistant helminths.
Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Doenças dos Bovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Gastroenteropatias/veterinária , Nematoides/fisiologia , Infecções por Nematoides/veterinária , Triclorfon/uso terapêutico , Administração Oral , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/administração & dosagem , Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Resistência a Medicamentos , Gastroenteropatias/tratamento farmacológico , Gastroenteropatias/parasitologia , Ivermectina/farmacologia , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Nematoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Nematoides/tratamento farmacológico , Distribuição Aleatória , Triclorfon/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Tungiasis is caused by the penetration of the female sand flea Tunga penetrans into the epidermis of its host. Human infestation with this ectoparasite is hyper-endemic in many resource-poor communities in sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean and South America and is associated with considerable morbidity. Currently, there is no effective drug available to treat tungiasis (or at least none for which a parasiticidal effect has been clearly demonstrated). In an attempt to fill this gap, the effects of treatment with topical ivermectin (lotion), thiabendazole (ointment and lotion), metrifonate (lotion) or placebo lotion were compared in a randomized trial. A total of 108 subjects with 169 tungiasis-infested feet participated in the study. The results show that topical ivermectin, metrifonate or thiabendazole can each significantly reduce the number of lesions caused by embedded sand fleas. Further studies are needed to optimise the doses and administration of these compounds.
Assuntos
Antiparasitários/administração & dosagem , Ectoparasitoses/tratamento farmacológico , Ivermectina/administração & dosagem , Sifonápteros , Tiabendazol/administração & dosagem , Triclorfon/administração & dosagem , Administração Tópica , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ectoparasitoses/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pomadas , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Suffolk, Texel, Hampshire Down and Ile de France sheep from the municipalities of Porto Amazonas, Piraquara and Araucaria in the State of Paraná, and Bagé in the State of Rio Grande do Sul were brought to Sobral, State of Ceará, to be used in a cross-breeding project. On arrival they had clinical signs of nematode parasitosis, and one Suffolk female died. The animals were treated orally with ivermectin (0.2 mg kg-1) and fifteen days later with netobimin (20.0 mg kg-1). Neither drug reduced the egg counts (measured in eggs per gram, EPG) significantly, and this suggested that the nematodes in the sheep were resistant to the anthelmintics used. Haemonchus contortus was the species involved. The egg counts were reduced after oral treatment with trichlorfon (100.0 mg kg-1). Haemonchus contortus larvae obtained from these animals before trichlorfon treatment and passaged through two nematode-free sheep were used in a further experiment. Twenty 6- to 9-month-old nematode-free lambs were infected with the H. contortus larvae (10,000 per animal) and after the infection was confirmed, were randomly divided into four groups of five animals. Group I was orally treated with ivermectin at 0.2 mg kg-1, Group II with oral netobimin at 20.0 mg kg-1, Group III with oral trichlorfon at 100.0 mg kg-1 and Group IV was a non-treated control. Egg counts and faecal cultures were taken before dosing on the day of treatment and seven days later when all animals were necropsied and the nematodes were collected from the abomasa and counted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Guanidinas/farmacologia , Hemoncose/veterinária , Haemonchus/efeitos dos fármacos , Ivermectina/farmacologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Oral , Animais , Brasil , Resistência a Medicamentos , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Guanidinas/administração & dosagem , Guanidinas/uso terapêutico , Hemoncose/tratamento farmacológico , Hemoncose/parasitologia , Ivermectina/administração & dosagem , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , Distribuição Aleatória , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologia , Triclorfon/administração & dosagem , Triclorfon/farmacologia , Triclorfon/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Severity of urinary tract morbidity increases with intensity and duration of Schistosoma haematobium infection. We assessed the ability of yearly drug therapy to control infection intensity and reduce S. haematobium-associated disease in children 5-21 years old in an endemic area of Kenya. In year 1, therapy resulted in reduced prevalence (66% to 22%, P < 0.001) and intensity of S. haematobium infection (20 to 2 eggs/10 mL urine), with corresponding reductions in the prevalence of hematuria (52% to 19%, P < 0.001). There was not, however, a significant first-year effect on prevalence of urinary tract abnormalities detected by ultrasound. Repeat therapy in years 2 and 3 resulted in significant regression of hydronephrosis and bladder abnormalities (41% to 6% prevalence, P < 0.01), and further reductions in proteinuria. Repeat age-targeted therapy was associated with decreased prevalence of infection among young children (< 5 yr) entering into the targeted age group. Two years after discontinuation of therapy, intensity of S. haematobium infection and ultrasound abnormalities remained suppressed, but hematuria prevalence began to increase (to 33% in 1989). Reinstitution of annual therapy in 1989 and 1990 reversed this trend. We conclude that annual oral therapy provides an effective strategy for control of morbidity due to S. haematobium on a population basis, both through regression of disease in treated individuals, and prevention of infection in untreated subjects.