RESUMO
AIM: To study the presence of alterations in social cognition in Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), to compare the levels of involvement, and to analyze their relevance as a tool to distinguish between both demential profile. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: For this purpose, 34 patients diagnosed with PDD, 21 men and 13 women, with an average age of 70 years and 8 years of education, and 26 patients diagnosed with bvFTD, 9 men and 17 women, with an average age of 68 years and 6 years of education, were assessed. The control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects, with a mean of 66 years of age and 8 of schooling. Reading the Mind in the Eyes was use as an emotional Theory of Mind (ToM) test; First-Order False Belief as a cognitive ToM test; Faux Pas as mixed test, considering their emotional (FPec) and cognitive (FPcc) components; and Iowa Gambling Task for social decision-making. RESULTS: Both groups of patients showed alterations in all tests compared to the control group. A significant difference between PDD and bvFTD was also observed for Reading the Mind in the Eyes test, Faux Pas total score, FPec and FPcc, with lower means and medians for PDD patients on all scores except for FPcc. CONCLUSIONS: This findings suggests that emotional ToM would be most affected PDD patients, while the use of cognitive ToM and social decision-making tests would be restrain tools to differentiate between a type of dementia or another.
TITLE: Cognicion social en demencia asociada a la enfermedad de Parkinson y en demencia frontotemporal variante conductual.Objetivo. Estudiar la presencia de alteraciones en la cognicion social en la demencia asociada a enfermedad de Parkinson (DEP) y en la demencia frontotemporal variante conductual (DFTvc), comparar los niveles de afectacion y analizar su relevancia como herramienta para distinguir entre ambos perfiles demenciales. Sujetos y metodos. Para ello se evaluaron 34 pacientes con diagnostico de DEP, 21 hombres y 13 mujeres, con una media de 70 anos de edad y ocho de escolaridad; y 26 pacientes con diagnostico de DFTvc, nueve hombres y 17 mujeres, con una media de 68 anos de edad y seis de escolaridad. El grupo control quedo conformado por 30 sujetos sanos, con una media de 66 anos de edad y 8 de escolaridad. Se administro lectura de la mente en los ojos como test de teoria de la mente (TdM) emocional, falsa creencia de primer orden como test de TdM cognitiva, faux pas como prueba mixta, considerando sus componentes emocional (FPce) y cognitivo (FPcc), y Iowa Gambling Task para la toma de decisiones sociales. Resultados. Ambos grupos de pacientes mostraron alteraciones en todos los tests en relacion con el grupo control. Se observo, ademas, una diferencia significativa entre los pacientes con DEP y los pacientes con DFTvc para la lectura de la mente en los ojos, el FPce y el FPcc, a favor de los pacientes con DFTvc. Conclusiones. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la TdM emocional estaria mas afectada en la DEP, lo que limitaria el empleo de test de TdM cognitiva y toma de decisiones sociales como herramientas que permitan diferenciar entre un tipo de demencia u otra.
Assuntos
Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Demência Frontotemporal/psicologia , Doença de Parkinson/psicologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/etiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Tomada de Decisões , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Escolaridade , Emoções , Feminino , Demência Frontotemporal/diagnóstico , Jogos Experimentais , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Estado Mental e Demência , Doença de Parkinson/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Personalidade/etiologia , Testes Psicológicos , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/diagnósticoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Dimensional approaches are likely to advance understanding of human behaviors and emotions. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether instruments in psychiatry capture variability at the full spectrum of these dimensions. We aimed to investigate this issue for two scales assessing distinct aspects of social functioning: the Social Aptitudes Scale (SAS), a "bidirectional" scale constructed to investigate both "ends" of social functioning; and the social Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL-social), a "unidirectional" scale constructed to assess social problems. METHODS: We investigated 2512 children and adolescents aged 6-14. Item response theory was used to investigate on which range of the trait each scale captures information. We performed quantile regressions to investigate if correlations between SAS and CBCL-social vary within different levels of social aptitudes dimension and multiple logistic regressions to investigate associations with negative and positive clinical outcomes. RESULTS: SAS was able to provide information on the full range of social aptitudes, whereas CBCL-social provided information on subjects with high levels of social problems. Quantile regressions showed SAS and CBCL-social have higher correlations for subjects with low social aptitudes and non-significant correlations for subjects with high social aptitudes. Multiple logistic regressions showed that SAS was able to provide independent clinical predictions even after adjusting for CBCL-social scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide further validity to SAS and exemplify the potential of "bidirectional" scales to dimensional assessment, allowing a better understanding of variations that occur in the population and providing information for children with typical and atypical development.
Assuntos
Aptidão , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Ajustamento Social , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pathological gambling (PG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a frequent impulse control disorder associated mainly with dopamine replacement therapy. As impairments in decision-making were described independently in PG and PD, the objective of this study was to assess decision-making processes in PD patients with and without PG. METHODS: Seven PD patients with PG and 13 age, sex, education and disease severity matched PD patients without gambling behavior were enrolled in the study. All patients were assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychiatric and cognitive evaluation, including tasks used to assess decision-making abilities under ambiguous or risky situations, like the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), the Game of Dice Task and the Investment Task. RESULTS: Compared to PD patients without gambling behavior, those with PG obtained poorer scores in the IGT and in a rating scale of social behavior, but not in other decision-making and cognitive tasks. CONCLUSIONS: Low performance in decision-making under ambiguity and abnormal social behavior distinguished PD patients with PG from those without this disorder. Dopamine replacement therapy may induce dysfunction of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala-ventral striatum system, thus increasing the risk for developing PG.
Assuntos
Transtornos Cognitivos/psicologia , Transtornos Disruptivos, de Controle do Impulso e da Conduta/psicologia , Dopaminérgicos/efeitos adversos , Jogo de Azar/psicologia , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Tonsila do Cerebelo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tonsila do Cerebelo/fisiopatologia , Gânglios da Base/efeitos dos fármacos , Gânglios da Base/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Tomada de Decisões/efeitos dos fármacos , Tomada de Decisões/fisiologia , Avaliação da Deficiência , Transtornos Disruptivos, de Controle do Impulso e da Conduta/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos Disruptivos, de Controle do Impulso e da Conduta/diagnóstico , Dopamina/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Córtex Pré-Frontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiopatologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/psicologia , Análise e Desempenho de TarefasRESUMO
Dynamic violent behavior risk factors have special significance since they constitute the main target for preventive intervention. Different dynamic factors as well as violent recidivism were assessed with, among other instruments, the environmental risk (Risk Management) section of the Argentinean version of the HCR-20 in 25 parolees from the Province of Buenos Aires Penitentiary System. Among other findings, the prevalence of the risk factors linked to substance abuse and socioeconomic deprivation, and the heterogeneous perception of the official institutions are very significant. Exposure to destabilizers was the factor most associated with violent recidivism.
Assuntos
Comportamento Perigoso , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/psicologia , Violência/psicologia , Humanos , Prevalência , Recidiva , Fatores de Risco , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/epidemiologiaRESUMO
AIMS: This review considers, from a theoretical clinical point of view, several interview based instruments used in the areas of neuropsychology, psychology and psychiatry that have been designed to evaluate the associated symptoms in several diagnostic categories or types in the different editions of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. DEVELOPMENT: The study of psychopathology, especially in children and adolescents, has one prior requisite: a thorough knowledge of how categorical disorders are organised by axes and the reason for the groups of symptoms and their variations located in each criterion. Consequently, in order to perform a diagnosis in child psychopathology, different criteria have to be fulfilled, according to the presence of the different disorders associated with a particular pathology, and the different evaluation tools provide a multiple approach that allows the behavioural problems to be evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: We currently have a series of diagnostic instruments available that are recommended for individual clinical study and can be applied both by parents and by teachers. The need then arises to research into whether the symptoms reported by parents and teachers have similar characteristics or whether, to the contrary, there are differences in the behaviour observed in distinct contexts, which would require a further analysis of the contextual particularities the patient moves in.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Testes Psicológicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/psicologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Criança , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Reações Falso-Positivas , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Pais , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/psicologia , EnsinoAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Feminino , Criança , Ajustamento Social , Estresse Psicológico , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/classificação , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/etiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Psicologia do Adolescente , Psicologia da Criança , Psicoterapia , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Social dysfunction is reported in several psychiatric diseases and its evaluation is becoming an important measure of treatment outcome. The aim of this study was to obtain normative data, to test the validity and the ability of the Portuguese version of the Self-Report Social Adjustment Scale (SAS-SR) to detect different clinical conditions. METHODS: The Portuguese version of the SAS-SR was applied to a carefully selected non-psychiatric sample, and to depressed, panic, bulimic and cocaine-dependent patients. Depressed and panic patients were evaluated in two different clinical conditions: acutely symptomatic and in remission. RESULTS: SAS overall and sub-scale scores of the normal sample were consistently lower than all patient groups, indicating better social adjustment in all areas. Panic patients were impaired to a lower level than depressed and cocaine-dependent patients in overall adjustment. Depressed patients in remission, although in better condition, were still impaired in relation to normal subjects in overall social functioning, leisure time and marital areas. In panic patients in remission, normalization was not achieved in overall functioning, work and marital areas. LIMITATIONS: Sample size was small in some groups and the evaluation was cross-sectional. CONCLUSIONS: The Portuguese version of SAS-SR is a useful instrument for detecting differences between psychiatric patients and normal subjects and for the evaluation of different clinical conditions, recommending its use in outcome studies.
Assuntos
Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Ajustamento Social , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtorno de Pânico/psicologia , Psicometria , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/psicologiaAssuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/etnologia , Comparação Transcultural , Demência/etnologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/etnologia , Idoso , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Doença de Alzheimer/psicologia , Argentina , Cuidadores/psicologia , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Demência/diagnóstico , Demência/psicologia , Avaliação Geriátrica , Humanos , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/psicologiaAssuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/etnologia , Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Comparação Transcultural , Demência/etnologia , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/psicologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/etnologia , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Doença de Alzheimer/psicologia , População Negra , Cuidadores/psicologia , Demência/diagnóstico , Demência/psicologia , Avaliação Geriátrica , Assistência Domiciliar/psicologia , Humanos , Jamaica , Manitoba , Nigéria , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/psicologia , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Se estudió la relación entre el estrés experimentado en la familia y el grado de problemas de conducta en niños preescolares que asisten a una estancia infantil. Los niños cuyas madres habían sufrido un número elevado de factores estresantes agudos durante el año anterior manifestaron más problemas de conducta en el hogar. En la estancia, muy pocos niños presentaron síntomas psicopatológicos y no hubo relación con el estrés familiar agudo. Por lo que respecta a los estresores familiares crónicos, hubo una limitada relación entre los problemas de conducta y las características psicosociales de la familia. Esta relación fue más evidente cuando había alguna persona alcohólica en el hogar. En muchos casos psicopatología infantil es tan necesario incluir al niño como a su familia en el tratamiento
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Ansiedade/psicologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/psicologia , Família/psicologia , Pré-Escolar/educação , Estresse Psicológico/diagnóstico , Estresse Psicológico/psicologiaAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Transtornos do Comportamento Social , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/classificação , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/etiologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/história , Problemas SociaisRESUMO
La evaluación de la peligrosidad es un importante y complejo tema en psiquiatría forense, en el presente artículo se revisa dicho concepto y se analizan los elementos que influyen en la exactitud de esta predicción
Assuntos
Violência/legislação & jurisprudência , Psiquiatria Legal/legislação & jurisprudência , Comportamento Perigoso , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/diagnóstico , Previsões , Transtornos Mentais/complicações , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/diagnóstico , Automutilação/diagnóstico , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
Un grupo de 34 pacientes de 12 a 33 años de edad fueron entrevistados en sus hogares tres o más años después de ser egresados de una escuela especial para niños con parálisis cerebral. El lapso promedio fue de 9,5 años, luego de una estada mínima de dos años en el establecimiento donde recibieron entrenamiento y educación programada. El propósito del estudio fue estimar personalmente como habían evolucionado estos pacientes tanto en los aspectos motores, como de adaptación social, uso del lenguaje y empleo de las habilidades adquiridas. El resultado de las encuestas fue satisfactorio, en términos generales, desde que 30 (88%) de los sujetos mantenían al menos la eficiencia lograda en la escuela, el paso que más de la mitad (53%) continuaron adquiriendo nuevos conocimientos y habilidades. Solo 4 (12%) mostraron evidencias de deterioro en los últimos años transcurridos. Aquellos que lograron los avances más satisfactorios dentro del grupo fueron capaces de superar sus serios impedimentos motores, alcanzando adecuado funcionamiento en los otros aspectos evaluados. Otros factores que parecieron ser decisivos al respecto fueron el apoyo conductual de parte de la familia, la normalidad de las condiciones ambientales y el grado de severidad del daño cerebral reflejado por el paciente. Los datos que ha aportado esta investigación son analizados y discutidos por los autores
Assuntos
Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Logro , Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Atividade Motora , Paralisia Cerebral/reabilitação , Comportamento Social , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/diagnósticoRESUMO
Se efectua una revision pormenorizada del extenso grupo de los transtornos contenidos bajo las alteraciones de conducta. Se revisan los elementos que componen los diagnosticos tomando en consideracion fenomenos culturales y socioeconomicos. Se hace enfasis en los aspectos del diagnostico multidisciplinario con instrumentos objetivables, los sintomas que componen el sindrome y los diagnosticos diferenciales que se deben conocer antes de hacer una intervencion terapeutica.
Assuntos
Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/classificação , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/epidemiologia , AgressãoRESUMO
The Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) is a 35-item screening questionnaire that is completed by parents and designed to help pediatricians in outpatient practice identify school-age children with difficulties in psychosocial functioning. The current study assessed the validity of the PSC by screening 300 children in two pediatric practices, a middle-class group practice and an urban health maintenance organization. Validity was established by comparing the results of PSC screening of 48 children with in-depth interview assessments and pediatricians' ratings. Results indicate that the PSC has a specificity of 0.68 and a sensitivity of 0.95. The screening process was well accepted by parents and pediatricians. Several children whose pediatricians' ratings had indicated adequate functioning were identified by the PSC as having substantial psychosocial dysfunction and requiring further evaluation.
Assuntos
Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/diagnóstico , Criança , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Prontuários Médicos , Pediatria/métodos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Psicoterapia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Two hundred and ninety West Indian and 73 West African patients were identified and matched against 204 and 53 English patients respectively. Significantly more migrant patients were: not referred to hospital by their GPs, showed disturbed behaviour prior to psychiatric contact, and were admitted formally. Studying consecutive attendances or admissions to one hospital may lead to an unrepresentative sample.
Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , África Ocidental/etnologia , Emigração e Imigração , Hospitais Psiquiátricos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Londres , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Admissão do Paciente , Unidade Hospitalar de Psiquiatria/estatística & dados numéricos , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/diagnóstico , Índias Ocidentais/etnologiaRESUMO
Two hundred and ninety West Indians and 73 West African patients were identified and matched against 204 and 53 English patients respectively. Significantly more migrant patients were: not referred to hospital by their GPs, showed disturbed behaviour prior to psychiatric contact, and were admitted formally. Studying consecutive attendances or admissions to one hospital may lead to an unrepresentative sample. (AU)