Assuntos
Competência Cultural , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Serviços de Saúde Mental/normas , Pessoas Mentalmente Doentes , Transtornos de Estresse Traumático/psicologia , Atitude Frente a Saúde/etnologia , Costa Rica , Comparação Transcultural , Relações Familiares/etnologia , Hispânico ou Latino/etnologia , Humanos , Cooperação Internacional , Estigma Social , Transtornos de Estresse Traumático/etnologia , Transtornos de Estresse Traumático/etiologia , Estados UnidosRESUMO
This article examines some of the long-term health outcomes of extreme adversities and the ways in which social inequalities and idioms of distress are historically and socially produced in the Peruvian context. We describe how the highland Quechua of northern Ayacucho construct and experience expressions of distress and suffering such as pinsamientuwan (worrying thoughts, worries), ñakary (suffering) and llaki (sorrow, sadness), in a context of persistent social inequalities, social exclusion and a recent history of political violence. It is concluded that the multiple expressions of distress and suffering are closely related to past and current events, shaped by beliefs, core values and cultural norms and, in this process, transformed, recreated and invested with new meanings and attributions.
Assuntos
Comparação Transcultural , Países em Desenvolvimento , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/etnologia , População Rural , Semântica , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Transtornos Somatoformes/etnologia , Transtornos de Estresse Traumático/etnologia , Violência/etnologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Peru , Política , Preconceito , Carência Psicossocial , Transtornos Somatoformes/psicologia , Transtornos de Estresse Traumático/psicologia , Sobreviventes/psicologia , Violência/psicologiaRESUMO
A comparative cross-national study investigating the level of experience with community interpersonal violence, level of psychological distress, and the relationship between exposure and distress among adolescents is presented. Participants were 617 first-year college students comprising African Americans and Jamaican Americans living in New York City, and Jamaicans living in Kingston, Jamaica. The three groups are similar in terms of age, gender, educational level, and race; they differ in location of residence, culture, and immigration status. Location of residence is related to exposure; immigration status is related to distress; but culture is not related to vulnerability when exposed. The effect size of the relationship between exposure and distress appears to be robust across variations in culture, amount of exposure, and level of distress.
Assuntos
População Negra/psicologia , Comparação Transcultural , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Características de Residência , Transtornos de Estresse Traumático/diagnóstico , População Urbana , Violência/psicologia , Aculturação , Adaptação Psicológica , Adolescente , População Negra/etnologia , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Emigração e Imigração , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino/etnologia , Humanos , Jamaica/etnologia , Masculino , Cidade de Nova Iorque , Inventário de Personalidade , Meio Social , Estatística como Assunto , Transtornos de Estresse Traumático/etnologia , Transtornos de Estresse Traumático/psicologia , Violência/etnologiaRESUMO
Susto, a folk illness not recognized by biomedical practitioners as a disease, is now formally part of the diagnostic classification system in psychiatry as a "culture-bound syndrome." Susto has been reported among diverse groups of Latin Americans, but most of those reports are several decades old and many were conducted in Indian communities. This study focuses on contemporary descriptions of susto and uses a cross-cultural, comparative design to describe susto in three diverse Latino populations. Mestizo/ladino populations were interviewed in Guatemala, Mexico, and south Texas. An initial set of open-ended interviews was conducted with a sample of "key" informants at each site to obtain descriptive information about susto. A structured interview protocol was developed for use at all three sites, incorporating information from those initial interviews. A second set of structured interviews was then conducted with a representative sample at each site. Results indicate a good deal of consistency in reports of what susto is: what causes it, its symptoms, and how to treat it. There appear to be, however, some notable regional variations in treatments and a difference between past descriptions and contemporary reports of etiology.