RESUMO
Cannabidiol (CBD), one of the main components of Cannabis sp., presents clinical and preclinical anxiolytic properties. Recent results using the marble-burying test (MBT) suggest that CBD can also induce anticompulsive-like effects. Meta-chloro-phenyl-piperazine (mCPP) is a nonspecific serotonergic agonist (acting mainly at 5HT1A, 5HT2C and 5HT1D receptors) reported to increase symptoms in OCD patients and block the anticompulsive-like effect of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) in animal models. The aim of this study was to investigate the interference of CBD on mCPP effects in repetitive burying. Administration of mCPP showed dual effects in the MBT, increasing the number of buried marbles at lower (0.1 mg/kg) while decreasing it at higher doses (1 mg/kg), an effect not related to a general increase in anxiety-like behavior. As found previously, CBD (30 mg/kg) and the positive control fluoxetine (FLX; 10 mg/kg) decreased burying behavior without changing general exploratory activity. A similar effect was found when subeffective doses of CBD (15 mg/kg) and FLX (3 mg/kg) were administered together. These subeffective doses alone were also able to block mCPP-induced repetitive burying. The results, in addition to reinforcing a possible anticompulsive effect of CBD, also suggest that mCPP-induced repetitive burying could be a useful test for the screening of compounds with presumed anticompulsive properties.
Assuntos
Ansiolíticos/farmacologia , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Canabidiol/farmacologia , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Agonistas do Receptor de Serotonina/farmacologia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Masculino , Camundongos , Transtorno de Movimento Estereotipado/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Dermatotilomanía, rascado cutáneo compulsivo (compulsive skin picking) o excoriación neurótica, son sinónimos para un trastornos que comparte características con el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo y el trastorno del control del impulso. Pese a corresponder al 2 por ciento de la consulta dermatológica y al 4 por ciento de la población estudiantil, es un cuadro no diagnosticado y sin consenso en las clasificaciones actuales. Objetivos: Demostrar que la dermatotilomanía, al igual que otros trastornos del control del impulso, responden al uso de antidepresivos ISRS. Pacientes: Se presentan cuatro casos clínicos de rascado cutáneo compulsivo, que responden al uso de fluoxetina en dosis variable. Tres de estos casos corresponden a un mismo grupo familiar, y el cuarto caso se asocia a masturbación compulsiva y a trastorno por atracón. Conclusión: La fluoxetina es efectiva en el control del rascado cutáneo compulsivo. Se ha encontrado asociación familiar y relación con otras patologías del descontrol del impulso.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pele/lesões , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/tratamento farmacológico , Fluoxetina/uso terapêutico , Transtorno de Movimento Estereotipado/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Up to 35% of pregnant women take psychotropic drugs at least once during gestation [Austin and Mitchell, 1998]. From concurrent animal and human evidence, it has been proposed that exposure to several psychoactive medications in utero or during lactation increases the risk for permanent brain disorders. Present preventive or therapy practices applied on humans for this type of long-lasting behavioral alterations are mainly based on empirical results. Here, we test an experimental approach designed to counteract a circling performance deficit that appears in Sprague-Dawley rats at puberty on exposure to the dopaminergic blocker haloperidol (HAL) during gestation [J.L. Brusés, J.M. Azcurra, The circling training: A behavioral paradigm for functional teratology testing, in: P.M. Conn (Ed.), Paradigms for the study of behavior, Acad. Press, New York, 1993, pp. 166-179. Method Neurosci. 14]. Gestational exposure to HAL (GD 5-18, 2.5 mg/kg/day ip) induced the expected circling activity decrease in the offspring at the fifth week of life. When prenatal exposure to HAL was continued through lactation (PD5-21, 1.5 mg/kg/day ip), rats otherwise showed a control-like circling performance. No difference was yet found between lactation-only, HAL-exposed pups and saline (SAL)-treated controls (n=8 each group). We further performed saturating (3H)-spiroperidol (SPI) binding assays on striatal P2 membrane fractions 2 months later. The dopamine-type D2-specific binding results suggested that above circling behavior findings could be partially explained by enduring HAL-induced neurochemical changes. The role of critical periods of sensitivity as transient windows for opportunistic therapies for behavioral teratology is discussed.
Assuntos
Haloperidol , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Comportamento Estereotipado/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtorno de Movimento Estereotipado/tratamento farmacológico , Análise de Variância , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Antagonistas de Dopamina/farmacocinética , Antagonistas de Dopamina/uso terapêutico , Antagonistas de Dopamina/toxicidade , Feminino , Haloperidol/uso terapêutico , Haloperidol/toxicidade , Masculino , Gravidez , Ensaio Radioligante/métodos , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Espiperona/farmacocinética , Transtorno de Movimento Estereotipado/induzido quimicamente , Trítio/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
It has been previously shown that oxcarbazepine (OXCBZ), a keto-analogue of carbamazepine, exhibits an antidepressive-like effect profile in the learned helplessness and forced swimming test (FST). Since carbamazepine possesses dopaminergic effect, the present study was carried out to evaluate the extent to which the antidepressive effect of OXCBZ might be mediated by dopaminergic system. Thus, the effects of OXCBZ in haloperidol-induced catalepsy and apomorphine-induced stereotypy were studied. The anti-immobility effect of OXCBZ in the FST was also evaluated in haloperidol pre-treated rats. OXCBZ (40 and 80 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently reduced the catalepsy induced by haloperidol (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.). Moreover, OXCBZ (80 mg/kg, but not 20 or 40 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the intensity of apomorphine-induced stereotypy (0.6 mg/kg, s.c.). Finally, it was observed that the combination of OXCBZ (80 mg/kg, i. p.) and haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) antagonized the anti-immobility effect of OXCBZ and further increased the immobility time when compared to haloperidol alone. Haloperidol alone (0.5 or 1. 0 mg/kg) did not change the immobility time. Thus, these results suggest that OXCBZ could enhance dopaminergic neurotransmission, which might mediate its antidepressive-like effect.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Carbamazepina/análogos & derivados , Carbamazepina/uso terapêutico , Receptores Dopaminérgicos/metabolismo , Animais , Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Apomorfina , Carbamazepina/farmacologia , Catalepsia/induzido quimicamente , Catalepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Antagonistas de Dopamina/uso terapêutico , Haloperidol , Masculino , Neurotransmissores , Oxcarbazepina , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptores Dopaminérgicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtorno de Movimento Estereotipado/induzido quimicamente , Transtorno de Movimento Estereotipado/tratamento farmacológico , Natação/psicologiaRESUMO
Rhythmic movement disorder, also known as jactatio capitis nocturna, is an infancy and childhood sleep-related disorder characterized by repetitive movements occurring immediately prior to sleep onset and sustained into light sleep. We report a 19-year-old man with a history of headbanging and repetitive bodyrocking since infancy, occurring on a daily basis at sleep onset. He was born a premature baby but psychomotor milestones were unremarkable. Physical and neurological diagnostic workups were unremarkable. A hospital-based sleep study showed: total sleep time: 178 min; sleep efficiency index 35.8; sleep latency 65 min; REM latency 189 min. There were no respiratory events and head movements occurred at 4/min during wakefulness, stages 1 and 2 NREM sleep. No tonic or phasic electromyographic abnormalities were recorded during REM sleep. A clinical diagnosis of rhythmic movement disorder was performed on the basis of the clinical and sleep studies data. Clonazepam (0.5 mg/day) and midazolam (15 mg/day) yielded no clinical improvement. Imipramine (10 mg/day) produced good clinical outcome. In summary, we report a RMD case with atypical clinical and therapeutical features.
Assuntos
Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/diagnóstico , Sono REM , Transtorno de Movimento Estereotipado/diagnóstico , Adulto , Antidepressivos Tricíclicos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Imipramina/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Periodicidade , Polissonografia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/tratamento farmacológico , Transtorno de Movimento Estereotipado/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Rhythmic movement disorder, also known as jactatio capitis nocturna, is an infancy and childhood sleep-related disorder charactherized by repetitive movements occurring immediately prior to sleep onset and sustained into light sleep. We report a 19-year-old man with a history of headbanging and repetitive bodyrocking since infancy, occurring on a daily basis at sleep onset. He was born a premature baby but psychomotor milestones were unremarkable. Physical and neurological diagnostic workups were unremarkable. A hospital-based sleep study showed: total sleep time: 178 min; sleep efficiency index 35.8; sleep latency 65 min; REM latency 189 mim. There were no respiratory events and head movements occurred at 4/min during wakefulness, stages 1 and 2 NREM sleep. No tonic or phasic electromyographic abnormalities were recorded during REM sleep. A clinical diagnosis of rhythmic movement disorder was performed on the basis of the clinical and sleep studies data. Clonazepam (0.5 mg/day) and midazolam (15 mg/day) yielded no clinical improvement. Imipramine (10 mg/day) produced good clinical outcome. In summary, we report a RDM case with atypical clinical and therapeutical features.