RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To use the latest data to estimate the prevalence and correlates of currently diagnosed depression, anxiety problems, and behavioral or conduct problems among children, and the receipt of related mental health treatment. STUDY DESIGN: We analyzed data from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) to report nationally representative prevalence estimates of each condition among children aged 3-17 years and receipt of treatment by a mental health professional. Parents/caregivers reported whether their children had ever been diagnosed with each of the 3 conditions and whether they currently have the condition. Bivariate analyses were used to examine the prevalence of conditions and treatment according to sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. The independent associations of these characteristics with both the current disorder and utilization of treatment were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Among children aged 3-17 years, 7.1% had current anxiety problems, 7.4% had a current behavioral/conduct problem, and 3.2% had current depression. The prevalence of each disorder was higher with older age and poorer child health or parent/caregiver mental/emotional health; condition-specific variations were observed in the association between other characteristics and the likelihood of disorder. Nearly 80% of those with depression received treatment in the previous year, compared with 59.3% of those with anxiety problems and 53.5% of those with behavioral/conduct problems. Model-adjusted effects indicated that condition severity and presence of a comorbid mental disorder were associated with treatment receipt. CONCLUSIONS: The latest nationally representative data from the NSCH show that depression, anxiety, and behavioral/conduct problems are prevalent among US children and adolescents. Treatment gaps remain, particularly for anxiety and behavioral/conduct problems.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/terapia , Transtorno da Conduta/epidemiologia , Transtorno da Conduta/terapia , Transtorno Depressivo/epidemiologia , Transtorno Depressivo/terapia , Adolescente , Transtornos de Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Transtorno da Conduta/diagnóstico , Transtorno Depressivo/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
There is a renewed interest in better conceptualizing trajectories of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from childhood to adulthood, driven by an increased recognition of long-term impairment and potential persistence beyond childhood and adolescence. This review addresses the following major issues relevant to the course of ADHD in light of current evidence from longitudinal studies: (1) conceptual and methodological issues related to measurement of persistence of ADHD, (2) estimates of persistence rate from childhood to adulthood and its predictors, (3) long-term negative outcomes of childhood ADHD and their early predictors, and (4) the recently proposed new adult-onset ADHD. Estimates of persistence vary widely in the literature, and diagnostic criteria, sample characteristics, and information source are the most important factors explaining variability among studies. Evidence indicates that ADHD severity, comorbid conduct disorder and major depressive disorder, and treatment for ADHD are the main predictors of ADHD persistence from childhood to adulthood. Comorbid conduct disorder and ADHD severity in childhood are the most important predictors of adverse outcomes in adulthood among children with ADHD. Three recent population studies suggested the existence of a significant proportion of individuals who report onset of ADHD symptoms and impairments after childhood. Finally, we highlight areas for improvement to increase our understanding of ADHD across the life span.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/epidemiologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/terapia , Transtorno da Conduta/epidemiologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Comorbidade , Transtorno da Conduta/psicologia , Transtorno da Conduta/terapia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto JovemRESUMO
El presente trabajo, es una revisión actualizada tanto de la conceptualización de los Trastornos Conductuales, como de las principales intervenciones psicoterapéuticas para el tratamiento de estos trastornos, en la infancia y adolescencia; para esto, se consideró las intervenciones que presentan evidencia positiva de su efectividad. Las últimas investigaciones realizadas sobre este trastorno concluyen que las intervenciones psicosociales debieran ser la primera línea de tratamiento y que se debiera considerar las intervenciones psicofarmacológicas sólo en casos específicos, para tratar la sintomatología asociada.
This paper is an updated review of both the conceptualization and the major psychotherapeutic interventions in Behavioral Disorders in childhood and adolescence. We considered the interventions that have positive evidence of their effectiveness. The latest research on Behavioral Disorders conclude that psychosocial interventions should be the first line of treatment and that psychopharmacological interventions should be considered only in specific cases, to treat associated symptoms.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Transtorno da Conduta/terapia , Transtorno da Conduta/epidemiologia , Psicoterapia , Comorbidade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Transtorno da Conduta/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Conduta/tratamento farmacológico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Distribuição por Idade e Sexo , Intervenção PsicossocialRESUMO
This study compared the effectiveness of a culturally modified version of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), called Guiando a Ninos Activos (GANA), to the effectiveness of standard PCIT and Treatment as Usual (TAU) for young Mexican Amerian children with behavior problems. Fifty-eight Mexican Amerian families whose 3- to 7-year-old child had a clinically significant behavior problems were randomly assigned to GANA, standard PCIT, or TAU. All three treatment approaches produced significant pre-post improvement in conduct problems across a wide variety of parent-report measures. GANA produced results that were significantly superior to TAU across a wide variety of both parent report and observational indices; however, GANA and PCIT did not differ significantly from one another. PCIT was superior to TAU on two of the parent report indices and almost all of the observational indices. There were no significant differences between the three groups on treatment dropout, and families were more satisfied with both GANA and PCIT than with TAU.
Assuntos
Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/etnologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/terapia , Transtorno da Conduta/etnologia , Transtorno da Conduta/terapia , Terapia Familiar , Americanos Mexicanos , Relações Pais-Filho , Terapia Comportamental/métodos , California , Criança , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Pré-Escolar , Transtorno da Conduta/psicologia , Terapia Familiar/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This paper reviews the main features of conduct disorder (CD), as well as the principles for diagnosis and multisystemic treatment (MST). MST includes biological, psychological and social interventions, and considers the ecological environment of conduct manifestations. Some outcomes of MST delivery are discussed, along with its advantages and potential applications.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Transtorno da Conduta/terapia , Psicoterapia/métodos , Adolescente , Transtorno da Conduta/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Conduta/epidemiologia , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Psicologia do Adolescente , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
El presente trabajo muestra las generalidades del trastorno disocial, así como las principales medidas para su reconocimiento y tratamiento. Aborda las generalidades y principios básicos de la terapia multisistémica enfocada para este trastorno; dicha terapia se basa en intervenciones biológicas, psicológicas y sociales, y considera el ámbito ecológico de las manifestaciones de la conducta de adolescentes. Se muestran algunos resultados en la aplicación de la terapia y se discuten sus ventajas y usos potenciales
Assuntos
Adolescente , Humanos , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Transtorno da Conduta/terapia , Psicoterapia/métodos , Psicologia do Adolescente , Transtorno da Conduta/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Conduta/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Je me propose de montrer dans cet article comment la comprehension de l'originalite homeopathique concernant l'unite psychophysique de l'etre humain peut contribuer a depasser le dualism... (AU)