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Introdução: Sabe-se que o câncer de mama é hoje a segunda neoplasia mais frequente entre as mulheres, as quais são submetidas desde a tratamentos clínicos até cirúrgicos mutilantes da mama. Ter mamas bonitas e harmoniosas é um direito legítimo, sendo assim o conceito de reconstrução mamária e do complexo areolo papilar se torna importante na reinserção social feminina. Este estudo visa apresentar uma técnica eficaz de reconstrução areolar, utilizando enxerto cutâneo livre palpebral bilateral, demonstrando sua eficácia através de resultados fotográficos, comparação com outras técnicas já descritas e questionários de satisfação dos pacientes. Resultados: Foram avaliados, retrospectivamente, 50 pacientes operados de reconstrução areolar com enxerto de pele palpebral e outras técnicas já descritas, operados por um único cirurgião sênior. O grupo de pacientes operados com pele palpebral não obtiveram diferenças significativas dentro da análise de resultados, comparados com outras técnicas de reconstrução. Houve boa satisfação por parte dos pacientes, quanto ao resultado das cirurgias das aréolas. Conclusão: O estudo obteve baixos índices de complicações, apresentando-se como boa opção terapêutica, dentro do arsenal cirúrgico de reconstrução areolar.

Introduction: Breast cancer is currently the second most common neoplasm among women who undergo clinical treatments and breast-mutilating surgeries. Having beautiful and harmonious breasts is a legitimate right, so the concept of reconstructing the breast and nipple-areolar complex becomes important in female social reinsertion. This study aimed to present an effective technique of areolar reconstruction using free bilateral eyelid skin grafts and demonstrate its effectiveness through photographic results, comparison with previously described techniques, and patient satisfaction questionnaires. Results: The authors retrospectively evaluated 50 patients who underwent areolar reconstruction with eyelid skin grafts and other techniques performed by a single senior surgeon. Patients who underwent eyelid skin graft surgery did not achieve significantly different results from those who underwent other reconstruction techniques. Patients who underwent areola surgeries reported good satisfaction. Conclusion: The study revealed low complication rates and demonstrated that the use of eyelid skin is a good therapeutic option for areolar reconstruction.

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Antecedentes: El ácido micofenólico (AMF) es una droga inmunosupresora que se administra como prodroga micofenolato mofetil (MMF) que ha sido usada en la prevención de rechazo en pacientes que se han realizado un trasplante de órgano. Actualmente se utiliza como opción terapéutica "off-label" en diversas patologías dermatológicas como la psoriasis, dermatitis atópica, colagenopatías, enfermedades ampollares, entre otras, debido a sus potentes efectos antinflamatorios; actuando solamente sobre la proliferación de linfocitos. Fuentes. Se revisaron artículos recientes acerca del uso del micofelonato mofetil en enfermedades dermatológicas. Desarrollo. El micofelonato mofetil es un inmunosupresor de última generación de uso muy específico, por lo que su perfil toxicológico es más bajo que el resto de inmunosupresores. Su uso en el campo de la dermatología ha sido limitado debido a la falta de estudios controlados, pero ya en la práctica consideramos que es un fármaco con un buen potencial terapéutico y nos ayuda a minimizar el uso de corticosteroides.Conclusiones. El Micofelonato de Mofetilo es una buena opción terapéutica en el tratamiento de enfermedades inflamatorias en dermatología y aunque su uso hasta los momentos sea "off-label", tiene un buen perfil de seguridad y buena tolerancia...(AU) .

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En la actualidad, los niños que padecen insuficiencia hepática podrían beneficiarse de un método no convencional de reemplazo funcional, alternativo al trasplante hepático. El deterioro y muerte de los pacientes en lista de espera, impulsan la búsqueda de alternativas en el ámbito deltrasplante. El trasplante de células hepáticas se ha constituido en un potencial recurso cuya validacióncomo alternativa o puente al trasplante hepático seguramente resultaría en una sustancial mejoría tanto en la calidad de vida como en la supervivencia de los pacientes. En la presente revisión nos proponemos describir el estado delarte en trasplante de hepatocitos en pediatría.(AU)

To date, children who suffer from a certain type of illness such as hepatic failure, could benefit with a non conventional functional replacement as an alternative to liver transplantation. Deterioration and death of patients on waiting list encourage the search for alternatives methods within transplantation. Liver cell transplantation has become a potential alternative treatment whose validation as an alternative or as a bridge until the donor appears, will probably contribute to improve the quality of life and survival of the patients. The aim of this review is to describe the state of the art of hepatocyte transplantation in pediatric patients.(AU)

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Para que o transplante de orgãos aumente no Brasil é essencial que se melhore os quatro pilares que apóiam o processo de doação para transplante: legislação, financiamento, organização e educação. Por fim, politicas de educação também são necessárias, tanto para profissionais quanto para estudantes das areas de saúde e para a população.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections frequently complicate the post-operative course of transplant recipients, and despite nasal carriage and endemic colonization, MRSA outbreaks are not commonly described. This study reports a case of MRSA outbreak and discusses infection control measures and recommendations for this situation.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections frequently complicate the post-operative course of transplant recipients, and despite nasal carriage and endemic colonization, MRSA outbreaks are not commonly described. This study reports a case of MRSA outbreak and discusses infection control measures and recommendations for this situation.

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AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine a specific indicator model to evaluate the Quality Management System (QMS) in Tissue Banks (TB) for deceased and/or live donors. METHODS: Quantitative Indicators for Quality Management are considered for deceased donors as the origin of therapeutic tissues. A glossary of definitions was established (also applicable for tissues from live donors): Deceased Therapeutic Real Donors (DTRD), donors that were processed and at least 1 tissue was harvested for a therapeutic purpose; Deceased Effective Donors (DED), DTRD in which 1 or more tissues were validated, stored, and/or grafted; Processed Tissues (PT), number of tissues harvested from a DTRD, which were processed and counted as final product units; Validated Tissues (VT), number of tissues as final product units, which fulfilled quality criteria to be grafted; Grafted Tissues (GT), number of transplanted tissues for therapeutic purposes; and Grafted Patients (GP), number of patients who were grafted with validated tissues. MANAGEMENT QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS: Deceased donors were considered from 2002 to 2007. The total number of tissues was 15,363: Productivity Index (PI), PI = DED/DTRD; Processing Quality Rate (PQR), PQR = VT/PT%; Productivity Efficiency per Donor (PED), PED = VT/DED; Grafted Tissues Coefficient (GTC), GTC = GT/VT; and Grafted Patients Index per Donor (GID), GID = GP/DED. RESULTS: Results were as follows: PI = 0.80; PQR = 76%; PED = 30.99; GTC = 0.93; and GID = 4. In our study, 80% of DTRD produced VT (PI = 0.80), which represented 76% of PT (average, 31 final products per donor). Also, 93% of the VT were grafted with 5 patients grafted per donor. CONCLUSIONS: Defined variables resulted in useful tools to evaluate QMS in a TB.

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BNOT was created and regulated in 1977 and started its operation in 1978 according to the Decree No. 86/1977. By the Decree 248/005 is transformed in the National Institute of Donation and Transplantation of Cells, Tissues and Organs (Instituto Nacional de Donación y Trasplante de Células, Tejidos y Organos--INDT). The organisation has been operating within the State University Medical School and the Public Health Secretary and it is the governmental organisation responsible for the regulation, policy and management of donation and transplantation in Uruguay. By the Decree 160/2006 is responsible for human cells and tissues regulation too. The participation of the INDT in the IAEA program facilitated the introduction of the radiation sterilisation technique for the first time in the country. The radiation sterilisation of tissues processed by INDT (ex BNOT), was initially carried out in the 60 Cobalt Industrial Plant in the National Atomic Energy Commission of Argentina and now is carried out in INDT, using a Gamma Cell 220 Excel, which was provided by the IAEA through the national project URU/7/005. The results of the implementation of tissues, quality control and quality management system, are showed.

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UNLABELLED: Organ transplantation as a substitute for diseased organs in end-stage organ failure has led to a worldwide increase in this treatment modality, but donation has not kept pace with the demand, despite scientific, social, and government efforts. For many years, Hispanic donation in Puerto Rico was meager and lagged behind major centers in North America and Europe. Studies signaled mostly cultural factors in this limited donation. We report a 16-fold increase in organ donation with the development of a formal procurement organization tailored to a local culture. METHODS: The 30-year, 1400-transplant experience of the Puerto Rico Transplant Center was divided in three periods: 1977 through 1893, the latter signaling the approval of a transplant law; 1984 through 1995, signaling the commencement of a formal organ procurement organization; and 1996 through 2006. The subset of 2001 to 2006 was used in an additional calculation against 1984 to 1995. RESULTS: The comparison of the mean deceased donors from 1984 to 1995 with 1998 to 2006 shows a 12-fold increase; and the last 6 years versus 1984 to 1995, a 16.8-fold increase. CONCLUSION: Cultural and educational obstacles in a given country may be overridden by aggressive administrative and educational approaches and strategic planning tailored to local realities, with improvement in organ transplantation.

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A report is submitted on the activities carried out by National Transplant Center of Mexico and special importance is given to the state transplant councils. Information is provided in a comparative form on the activities of the last ten years as well as those of the states.

Se informa sobre la actividad desarrollada por el Centro Nacional de Trasplantes, destacando la participación de los consejos estatales de trasplantes en las diferentes entidades federativas del país en materia de donación y trasplantes. Se proporcionan datos sobre la actividad en el último decenio en forma comparativa, así como en las entidades federativas.

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A report is submitted on the activities carried out by National Transplant Center of Mexico and special importance is given to the state transplant councils. Information is provided in a comparative form on the activities of the last ten years as well as those of the states.

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BACKGROUND: Before 1996, solid organs from cadaveric donors (CD) did not account for more than 2% of all transplants. The need for more transplants led the state to undergo several legislative, societal, organizational, and infrastructure changes. OBJECTIVES: A descriptive analysis of the evolution of the transplant program in the State of Nuevo León, Mexico, from 1996 to 2001. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Trimester reports have been routinely performed since 1996 from the 14 institutions that are licensed to perform organ and tissue transplants in the State of Nuevo León, Mexico. All reports were concentrated and a descriptive analysis is presented herein. RESULTS: From 1996 until 2001, a total of 1457 organ and tissue (OT) transplants have been performed. At the end of this period, there was a 214% increase in the total number of transplants. By 2001, 73% of the program's total of 1457 OT transplants came from cadaveric donors. CONCLUSIONS: The state transplant program of Nuevo León has experienced a dramatic growth since 1996. The percent of organs transplanted from cadaveric donors is one of the highest in Mexico. There is still much work to be done at the state and national levels; better epidemiological studies and dialysis registries are needed as well as investment in transplant research.

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