RESUMO
The plant world represents an important source of potential therapeutic agents, but concomitant administration of herbal and conventional medications may result in interactions with subsequent beneficial or adverse effects. This study was designed to examine the analgesic effect of thyme tincture and thyme syrup, two commonly used thyme formulations, and their interactions with codeine, paracetamol, pentobarbital and diazepam in mice. The identification and quantification of thymol and carvacrol were carried out by GC/MS and GC/FID. The analgesic activity was studied using a hot plate method. Effects of thyme syrup on diazepam-induced motor coordination impairment in rotarod test and on pentobarbital-induced sleeping time were also determined. Thymol (175.3 µg/mL and 9.73 µg/mL) and carvacrol (10.54 µg/mL and 0.55 µg/mL) concentrations were measured in tincture and syrup, respectively. Thyme syrup and tincture exhibited effective analgesic activity in the hot plate pain model. Pretreatment with thyme formulations reduced analgesic activity of codeine, and potentiated the analgesic activity of paracetamol. Co-administration of thyme formulations has led to potentiation of diazepam and pentobarbital depressive central nervous system effects. Thyme formulations interacted with tested conventional drugs, probably through interference with their metabolic pathways and succeeding altered concentrations and pharmacological effects.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Camundongos , Thymus (Planta)/efeitos dos fármacos , Interações Medicamentosas , Analgésicos/efeitos adversos , Pentobarbital/efeitos adversos , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Diazepam/efeitos adversos , Medicamento FitoterápicoRESUMO
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the replacement of drinking water by herb infusions on the performance, relative weight of internal organs, hematocrit and immune response to Newcastle disease virus of broiler chickens. A total of 540 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were divided into five groups, corresponding to four different treatments and one control group. Treatments were replicated eight times, and the control group four times. Experimental treatments included infusions (5 grams per liter) of cinnamon, thyme and turmeric in equal ratios in replacement of drinking water. Experimental period lasted 21 days and all chicks were fed with a corn-soybean based diet. Results showed that all herbs infusions caused significant (p<0.05) decrease in live body weight compared with the control group at 21 days of age. Mix treatment significantly decreased relative carcass weight relative to the control group (p<0.05). Herbs infusions increased the relative weight of some organs. None of herb additives affected hematocrit in comparison to control group. Cinnamon and herb mix infusion significantly improved bird immune response to the NDV vaccine in comparison to the control group and those that received only turmeric infusion. When all in-water additives were compare to each other, the birds supplemented with turmeric infusion showed the worst performance and immunity. The results of this experiment suggest that these herbs infusions did not favor the performance of broiler chickens.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/terapia , Vírus da Doença de Newcastle/imunologia , Galinhas/imunologia , Infusões Parenterais/veterinária , Doença de Newcastle/terapia , Cinnamomum zeylanicum/efeitos dos fármacos , Crocus/efeitos dos fármacos , Thymus (Planta)/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
In vitro shoots of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) were established, and the effects of the auxin indole-3-acetic (IAA) acid and the cytokinins benzyladenine (BA), zeatin (ZEA), and kinetin (KIN) at 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 microM on rooting, biomass production, and volatile compounds production by these plants were investigated. The volatiles were extracted by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography. The highest biomass shoot growth was obtained with BA at 5.0 microM, while IAA at all concentrations tested achieved 100% rooting frequency. The three major compounds were gamma-terpinene (22.8-38.8%), p-cymene (13.8-27.9%), and thymol (6.5-29.0%). Quantitative changes of these compounds were observed in response to the effect of varying growth regulators concentrations in the culture medium. Growing Thymus vulgaris L. plants in media supplemented with IAA at 1.0 microM increased volatile compounds such as thymol by 315%. Nevertheless, the same major compounds were produced in all treatments and no qualitative changes were observed in the volatile profile of thyme plants.