RESUMO
Introducción: Las personas con tratamiento quirúrgico presentan ansiedad, lo cual impide llegar al periodo operatorio en óptimas condiciones. El cuidado espiritual puede resultar efectivo en momentos como este. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del cuidado espiritual en el nivel de ansiedad situacional en pacientes quirúrgicos. Métodos: Investigación cuantitativa, preexperimental con pretest postest, en el Hospital Regional de Ayacucho, Perú, durante marzo a mayo de 2016. Población constituida por 123 pacientes quirúrgicos, entre los que se seleccionaron 30 entre 24 y 57 años, con ansiedad y dispuestos a participar en la investigación. La ansiedad se midió con el Test de Zung, las necesidades espirituales con un cuestionario validado por expertos y pilotaje con alfa de Cronbach > 0,75. Para los ejes temáticos y metodológicos de la intervención (cuidados espirituales) se revisó bibliografía sobre el tema, tuvieron en cuenta las necesidades de cuidados y niveles de ansiedad identificada. Se procesó la información con frecuencias absolutas, porcentajes, media, desviación típica, valor mínimo y máximo. Para contrastar hipótesis se utilizó la Prueba no paramétrica de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon. Para la relación entre necesidad de cuidado espiritual y evolución del nivel de ansiedad se utilizó Chi-cuadrada de Pearson (X2), con probabilidad de error del 5 por ciento. Resultados: El nivel de ansiedad situacional previo a la aplicación del cuidado espiritual fue de marcada a severa en 86,66 por ciento, aplicado el cuidado espiritual estuvo ausente en el 96,66 por ciento. Conclusión: La intervención con cuidados espirituales aplicada resultó efectiva en la disminución del nivel de ansiedad situacional en pacientes quirúrgicos estudiados(AU)
Introduction: People who should undergo surgical treatment present anxiety, which keeps them from reaching the operative period in optimal conditions. Spiritual care can be effective at times like this. Objective: To assess the effect of spiritual care on the level of situational anxiety in surgical patients. Methods: Quantitative pre-experimental research with pre- and post-test carried out in the Regional Hospital of Ayacucho, Peru, during March to May 2016. The population was made up of 123 surgical patients, of which 30 aged 24-57, with anxiety and willing to participate in the study were chosen. Anxiety was measured with the Zung test; spiritual needs, with a questionnaire validated by experts; and piloting, with Cronbach's alpha > 0.75. For the thematic and methodological axes of the intervention (spiritual care), a bibliography on the subject was reviewed, taking into account the care needs and levels of anxiety identified. The information was processed with absolute frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to test hypotheses. Pearson's chi-square (X2) was used for the relationship between need for spiritual care and evolution of anxiety level, with a probability of error of 5 percent. Results: The level of situational anxiety prior to the application of spiritual care was remarkable to severe in 86.66%; applied spiritual care was absent in 96.66 percent.. Conclusion: The intervention with spiritual care applied was effective in reducing the level of situational anxiety in the surgical patients studied.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos de Ansiedade/etiologia , Cuidados de Enfermagem , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/métodos , Terapias Espirituais/métodosRESUMO
The goal of this study was to assess the effect of intercessory prayer in the psychological, spiritual and biological scores of breast cancer patients who are undergoing radiotherapy. Double-blind RCT comprising a sample of 31 participants (15 in the Control Group and 16 in the Intervention Group). Data collection was performed in three time points (T0, T1 and T2). Significant changes have been identified in the intra-group analysis, concerning the decrease in spiritual distress score; negative religious/spiritual coping prevailed, while the total religious/spiritual coping increased between the posttest T2 to T0. Intercessory prayer was effective in religious and spiritual scores.
Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Amilases/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/psicologia , Neoplasias da Mama/radioterapia , Depressão/psicologia , Cura pela Fé/psicologia , Espiritualidade , Adulto , Ansiedade , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Método Duplo-Cego , Cura pela Fé/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Qualidade de Vida , Religião e Medicina , Terapias Espirituais/métodos , Terapias Espirituais/psicologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study describes the cross-cultural validation and psychometric evaluation of the Spiritual Care Competence Scale - Brazilian Portuguese version. This reliable and valid instrument is recommended in the literature to measure the outcomes of the education process in the development of spiritual care competences. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional validation study following the stages proposed by Beaton et al.: translation into Portuguese, back translation into English, expert committee review for semantic equivalence, assessment of the clarity of the pre-final version, and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the final version in Portuguese. Health professionals working at a public hospital in South Brazil participated in the different stages of this study.ResultRegarding internal consistency, total Cronbach's alpha was 0.92 and the mean inter-item correlation was 0.29. The test-retest procedure showed no statistically significant differences in the six subscales. The intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.67 to 0.84, demonstrating the stability of the scale.Significance of resultsThe results support the psychometric quality of the scale and indicate that the adapted instrument is a valid and reliable scale with good internal consistency for measuring spiritual care competencies of health professionals in Brazilian healthcare settings.
Assuntos
Assistência à Saúde Culturalmente Competente/normas , Psicometria/normas , Terapias Espirituais/instrumentação , Adulto , Brasil , Competência Clínica/normas , Estudos Transversais , Assistência à Saúde Culturalmente Competente/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Psicometria/instrumentação , Psicometria/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Terapias Espirituais/métodos , Terapias Espirituais/normas , Inquéritos e Questionários , TraduçãoRESUMO
Context ⢠The coexistence of affective disorders, especially anxiety and depression, with medical illness is a topic of considerable clinical and research interest. Complementary biofield modalities are therapies that involve touch or placement of the hands in or through biofields. Spiritual healing, or Spiritist passe (SP), is a kind of laying on of hands (LOH), and therefore is a biofield therapy. Objective ⢠The current study intended to evaluate the effects of SP on psychological parameters such as anxiety and depression and on the perceptions of muscle tension and wellness as well as physiological parameters, such as pain intensity, heart rate (HR), and oxygen saturation (SpO2). Design ⢠This study was a randomized, controlled trial. Setting ⢠The study took place at the medical clinic of the clinical hospital of the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (HC/UFTM) in Uberaba, Brazil. Participants ⢠The participants were patients aged ≥18 y who had been hospitalized in the clinic between August 2014 and June 2015. Intervention ⢠Participants in the no-SP and SP groups were instructed to direct their thoughts to Jesus with wishes to heal during the intervention. In the SP group, the patients underwent application of the SP, and in the no-SP group, workers, students, or volunteers at the Clinical Hospital of Uberaba practiced a kind of LOH in a nonspiritual therapy with intention to healing emitting sincere wishes of improvement to the patients by thought. All procedures in those groups were carried out during a 10-min period on 3 consecutive days. In the control group, the patients lay for 10 min during the same periods on the 3 days, with no intervention occurring. Outcome Measures ⢠The study evaluated depression and anxiety using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale as well as patients' pain using a visual analog scale (VAS). The study also measured their perceptions of muscle tension and wellness and their physiological parameters: HR and SpO2. Results ⢠Seventy-two patients consented to participate in the study. The SP group showed statistically significant reductions in anxiety (P < .001) and depression (P = .008) between baseline and postintervention, with perceptions of muscle tension significantly decreasing on day 1 (D1) and day 3 (D3) of the study (both < .001) after the interventions and wellness significantly increasing between baseline and postintervention (P = .001) and when compared with the control and no-SP groups, with P = .001. The SP group presented the smallest numbers for HR after the interventions, but no significant differences were found between groups for HR, SpO2, and pain on the VAS. Conclusions ⢠The current research team has concluded that the SP was effective in promoting a state of muscle relaxation, reducing anxiety and depression, decreasing muscle tension, and, consequently, raising the perceptions of wellness in hospitalized patients.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/terapia , Depressão/terapia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Tono Muscular/fisiologia , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Manejo da Dor/métodos , Terapias Espirituais/métodos , Adulto , Brasil , Humanos , Pacientes Internados , Toque Terapêutico/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In Brazil, one of the most used energy therapies is the Spiritist "passe", which is practiced by Spiritist healers. Although experimental studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of different energy therapies in reducing anxiety and pain, little is known about the effect of the Spiritist "passe" on health outcomes. Therefore, the present study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of "passe" energy therapy in reducing anxiety symptoms. METHODS/DESIGN: In this prospective, randomized controlled trial, participants were randomly allocated into two groups: Intervention (8 weekly Spiritist "passe" sessions, n=23), and Control (8 weekly sham Spiritist "passe" sessions, n=27). Anxiety was assessed using the Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-trait). RESULTS: Of 97 individuals screened, 50 were included in the final analysis. Decreasing STAI-trait anxiety scores were observed in both groups throughout the study (p<0.0001). By the end of the study, 17% and 63% of intervention and control participants, respectively, still met the criterion for anxiety (p=0.001). However, anxiety reduction was more accentuated in the Spiritist "passe" group (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: In this small pilot study, anxiety was more markedly reduced in participants receiving the Spiritist "passe" than in controls, warranting larger trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02376959.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/psicologia , Ansiedade/terapia , Adulto , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Estudos Prospectivos , Religião , Terapias Espirituais/métodosRESUMO
The present study aims to describe the characteristics of the complementary religious treatment conducted by Spiritist centers in the city of São Paulo (Brazil), to understand how physical and mental health problems are addressed and how the directors of these centers differentiate between persons with spiritual experiences from those with psychiatric disorders. From 365 Spiritist centers, which received the questionnaire, 55 (15.1 %) were included in the final analysis. There were on average 261 people per week attending spiritual sessions in each center, totalizing approximately 15,000 attendees per week in all 55 centers. The most common treatment performed in these centers was disobsession (Spirit release therapy) (92.7 %); the least common was the 'spiritual surgery', present in only 5.5 %. The most frequent health problems reported by attendees were depression (45.1 %), cancer (43.1 %) and diseases in general (33.3 %). Concerning the directors' awareness to differentiate between spiritual experiences and psychiatric disorders, we found some remarkable divergent opinions. In conclusion, the Spiritist centers are an important health related support system for the city of São Paulo, responsible for a significant share of the city's total health consultations. The most common conditions the patients suffer from were depression and cancer.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais/etnologia , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Religião e Medicina , Terapias Espirituais/métodos , Adulto , Brasil/etnologia , Depressão/etnologia , Depressão/terapia , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Neoplasias/etnologia , Neoplasias/terapiaRESUMO
Objective: To investigate the understanding of the concept of spiritual distress and existing methods toidentify it. Method: it is an integrative literature review conducted in LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENf, CINAHL,IBECS, PUBMED, using the terms "spiritual distress", "spiritual suffering", together with the descriptor: nursing. Results: after analysis of 30 articles, nine were selected, and only four (44.4%) conceptualized spiritual distress, some using more than one concept, with the deficiencies in the constructs of transcendence, connection, beliefs/values systems, sense of meaning and purpose in life that most prevailed. Strategies to identify the phenomenon range from close observation of the patient to the application of psychometric assessment instruments. Conclusion: he combined use of all methods will enable healthcare professionals to have the means to identify and assess spiritual distress and thus offer care that meets the spiritual needs of the patient.
Objetivo: Investigar sobre a compreensão do conceito de angústia espiritual e os métodos existentes para identificá-la. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF, CINAHL, IBECS, PUBMED, utilizando os termos: angústia espiritual (spiritual distress), sofrimento espiritual (spiritual suffering), juntamente com o descritor: enfermagem (nursing). Resultados: após análise de 30 artigos, nove foram selecionados, apenas quatro (44,4%) conceituaram a angústia espiritual, alguns utilizaram mais de uma conceituação, sendo as deficiências nos construtos de transcendência, conexão, sistemas de crenças/valores, senso de significado e propósito na vida que mais prevaleceram. Estratégias para identificar o fenômeno abrangem desde observação atentado paciente até a aplicação de instrumentos de avaliação psicométricas. Conclusão: a utilização combinada de todos os métodos possibilitará que profissionais da área da saúde tenham meios de identificar e avaliar a angústia espiritual e assim oferecer um cuidado que supra a necessidade espiritual do paciente.
Objetivo: Investigar la comprensión del concepto de la angustia espiritual y los métodos existentes para identificarlo. Método: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en las bases de datos LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF, CINAHL, IBECS, PUBMED, usando los términos "angustia espiritual" (spiritual distress), "sufrimiento espiritual" (spiritual suffering), junto con el descriptor: enfermería (nursing). Resultados: después del análisis de 30 artículos, se seleccionaron nueve, sólo cuatro (44,4%) conceptuaran la angustia espiritual, algunas utilizaran más de un concepto, siendo las diferencias en los conceptos de trascendencia, conexión, sistemas de creencia/valores, el concepto de significado y propósito en la vida que más prevalecieron. Estrategias para identificar el fenómeno abarcan desde una estrecha observación del paciente hasta la aplicación de los instrumentos de evaluación psicométricas. Conclusión: El uso combinado de todos los métodos permiten a los profesionales de la salud que tengan medios para identificar y evaluar la angustia espiritual y así ofrecer una atención que responda a las necesidades espirituales del paciente.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Espiritualidade , Estresse Psicológico/enfermagem , Estresse Psicológico/etiologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/enfermagem , Transtornos de Ansiedade/etiologia , Brasil , Terapias Espirituais/enfermagem , Terapias Espirituais/métodosRESUMO
O presente trabalho, a partir de abordagem qualitativa descritiva exploratória, buscou compreender os saberes e práticas de benzedeiras no município de Maceió-AL, considerando os componentes de cura e cuidado desses saberes e práticas, bem como o papel social desempenhado por estas em sua relação com a comunidade e com o sistema oficial de saúde. Constituem-se sujeitos do estudo benzedeiras que atuam na cidade de Maceió-AL. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas narrativas, sendo a análise das mesmas respaldada em análise de conteúdo, na modalidade temática, a qual consta de três etapas: pré- análise, exploração do material e tratamento e interpretação dos resultados. Emergiram no estudo cinco núcleos temáticos, que foram descritos e analisados (segundo referenciais da área de saúde e antropologia), a saber: 1) Saúde e doença: compreensões e aproximações ao universo das benzedeiras; 2) Cura, cuidado e cultura: interseções entre os saberes e os fazeres das benzedeiras; 3) Um caminho de fé: a benzeção como dom, aprendizado, desenvolvimento espiritual e sabedoria; 4) Múltiplas relações entre as benzedeiras e a comunidade; e 5) Aproximações e distanciamentos entre as benzedeiras e o sistema oficial de saúde. Os resultados alcançados neste estudo permitiram a compreensão dos saberes e práticas das benzedeiras como expressão popular, significativa e singular dos modos de se pensar e fazer saúde. Enquanto registro sistemático das narrativas de benzedeiras sobre seus fazeres e saberes, entendemos que este estudo contribui para a preservação da memória popular e para a construção social de mentalidade que incorpore os saberes e as práticas tradicionais populares de saúde como componentes eficazes do leque de práticas saúde de forma geral.(AU)
This paper, from exploratory qualitative descriptive approach, aimed to understand the knowledge and practices of traditional healers (benzedeiras) in Maceió city, Alagoas, considering the components of healing and care of such as knowledge and practices , as well as the social role played by these persons in the community and the public health system. The case study are the healers who work in Maceió. Where all the data acquirement was performed through narrative interviews with an analysis of them supported by content analysis , the thematic , which consists of three steps : Pre -analysis , material exploration and processing and interpretation of results . Emerged in the study five central themes , which were described and analyzed (according to benchmarks in the area of health and anthropology) , namely: 1 ) Health and disease : insights and approaches to the world of healers , 2) Cure, Care and Culture: intersections between knowledge and doings of healers; 3) A path to faith: cure and care as a gift, learning, spiritual growth and wisdom; 4) Multiple relationships between healers and the community, and 5) Approaches and differences between traditional healers and the public health system. The main results obtained allowed us to understand the knowledge and practices of healers as a popular expression, meaningful of the cure and care. Through the systematic interview with the healers, we recognize that this study contributes for preservation of a popular practice and include this practices as an important component of the health system.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Cura pela Fé/métodos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Religião , Terapias Espirituais/métodos , Antropologia Médica , Brasil , Processo Saúde-Doença , Estudos de Avaliação como AssuntoRESUMO
Os movimentos contraculturais, desencadeados principalmente nos anos de 1960/70, ao questionarem a sociedade tecnocrata-capitalista e incentivarem uma maior politização da vida social, possibilitaram ampliação da abertura para debates e tensões que afetaram as instituições sociais vigentes, contestando paradigmas consagrados. Tal fato permitiu uma (re)valorização e, até mesmo, reapropriação (ou criação) de perspectivas holísticas em relação ao corpo e à saúde, e a inclusão de outras dimensões explicativas, além das oferecidas pela racionalidade biomédica. Com a maior aceitação das práticas alternativas ou complementares, abriu-se espaço para a retomada de antigos métodos de cura através das mãos, entre elas, as que não necessitam de toque direto entre \"curador\" e paciente, como reiki e o johrei da Igreja Messiânica Mundial. Este estudo teve como objetivo apreender e interpretar os significados de reiki e johrei, considerando os arcabouços técnicos e conceituais sobre os quais estão alicerçados. Assim como, compreender como elas afetam o comportamento de seus praticantes e suas relações sociais. Para interpretar tais significados e experiências foram adotados os referenciais da antropologia interpretativa de Clifford Geertz e o método etnográfico. A pesquisa realizou-se em dois campos distintos, um Núcleo de Reiki e a Igreja Messiânica Mundial, ambos em Ribeirão Preto,SP , no período de outubro de 2009 a janeiro de 2012. Participaram deste estudo 15 reikianos como sujeitos principais e 5 frequentadores da Núcleo, como sujeitos secundários; mais 14 messiânicos, sujeitos principais e 5 frequentadores da Igreja, como sujeitos secundários. Os dados foram coletados por meio de observação participante, entrevistas semiestruturadas e diário de campo. Os principais resultados indicam que a crença no poder curativo nessas energias, reiki e johrei, aparece como principal sustentação de sua eficácia. Tanto os ensinamentos da Igreja Messiânica, como os ensinamentos e teorias associados ao reiki, foram capazes de fornecer novos sentidos para questões ou problemas desses sujeitos, modificando comportamentos como humor, agressividade, tolerância e sociabilidade, possibilitando a emergência de uma \"identidade holística\" e a configuração de novas \"comunidades de encantamento\" em torno dessas duas práticas.(AU)
Countercultural movements, initiated mainly in the 60\'s and 70\'s, questioned the capitalist- technocratic society and encouraged greater politicization of social life, enabling the extension of the debates and tensions that affected the existing social institutions, refuting established paradigms. This fact allowed a (re)valuing and even reappropriation (or creation) of holistic perspectives regarding the body and health, and the inclusion of other explanatory dimensions, beyond the ones offered by biomedical rationality. With an increased acceptance of alternative or complementary practices, there was more space for the return of ancient healing methods through hands, among them, those that do not require direct touch between \"healer\" and patient, such as reiki and johrei, of the World Messianic Church. This study aimed to recognize and interpret the meanings of reiki and johrei, considering the technical and conceptual frameworks upon which they are based, as well as to understand how they affect the behavior of its practitioners and their social relations. In order to interpret these meanings and experiences, Clifford Geertz\'s interpretive anthropology and the ethnographic method were adopted as frameworks. The research was carried out in two sites, a Reiki Center and the World Messianic Church, both in Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, Brazil, from October 2009 to January 2012. The study included 15 reiki practitioners as main subjects and 5 frequenters of the Center, as secondary subjects; 14 messianic as main subjects, and 5 frequenters of the Church, as secondary subjects. Data were collected through participant observation, semi-structured interviews and field diary. The main results indicate that belief in the healing power of these energies, reiki and johrei, is the main support of their effectiveness. Both the Messianic Church doctrine as well as the doctrine and theories associated with reiki, were able to provide new meanings to issues or problems of these subjects, modifying behaviors such as mood, aggressiveness, tolerance and sociability, allowing for the emergence of a \"holistic identity\" and the setting of new \"communities of enchantment\" regarding these two practices.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Antropologia Cultural , Terapias Espirituais/métodos , Toque Terapêutico/métodos , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Terapias Espirituais/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
La diversidad humana y las particularidades de actuaciones y comportamientos, a veces impredecibles, de una comunidad constituyen aspectos importantes de la riqueza de la sociedad, tanto en lo individual como en su convivir social. La riqueza del ser humano desde el punto de vista individual ha sido estudiada ampliamente por los psicólogos y psiquiatras, sus resultados se han descrito en múltiples publicaciones sobre la psicología humana.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Seguridade Social/etnologia , Povos Indígenas/história , Promoção da Saúde/normas , Medicina Tradicional/história , Plantas Medicinais , Terapias Complementares/métodos , Terapias Espirituais/métodos , Profissionais de Medicina Tradicional , Direitos Humanos/históriaRESUMO
Evidence regarding the influence of the mind on the body is abundant. Several mind-body healing procedures are currently being used, among them hypnosis, biofeedback, meditation, visualizations, management of emotions and prayer. Since the Big Bang, we are entangled with everything. This interaction would let individuals to communicate with the minds and bodies of others. The field of parapsychological research has provided a lot of information about significant events, including apparitions, communications with the dead, near-death experiences and out of the body experiences. It looks apparently evident, that consciousness can persist in the absence of brain function. According to the model that assumes that it is consciousness and not matter, the base of everything that exists, what survives after death is the "quantum monad" or spirit. It is said that spiritual cures are practiced by discarnate physicians who diagnose and prescribe conventional treatments, but very often they use unknown procedures based on the management of energy fields that are currently being studied by many physicists. Representative examples of the practice of spiritual medicine were the mediums Ze Arigo, George Chapman, Barbara Guerrero (Pachita) and presently the Brazilian medium John of God. Case reports of paranormal phenomena observed and studied by honest and serious scientists are very important for the advancement of parapsychology, because it has not been clearly established which approach, the qualitative or the quantitative, is more useful for the development of this field.
Assuntos
Terapias Mente-Corpo , Parapsicologia , Terapias Espirituais , Adulto , Biorretroalimentação Psicológica , Criança , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Hipnose , Masculino , Cura Mental/psicologia , Metanálise como Assunto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Relações Metafísicas Mente-Corpo , Terapias Mente-Corpo/métodos , Terapias Mente-Corpo/psicologia , Terapias Mente-Corpo/tendências , Efeito Placebo , Psicofisiologia , Qi , Teoria Quântica , Terapias Espirituais/métodos , Terapias Espirituais/psicologia , Espiritualismo/psicologiaRESUMO
This article expands psychosocial and cultural perspectives on the experience and expression of psychotic symptoms and the treatment of schizophrenia by exploring how Spiritism, a popular religion in Latin America, provides healing to persons with severe mental illness. Beliefs and treatment by Spiritist healers of persons with psychotic symptoms, some diagnosed with schizophrenia, are described. Reactions by mental health professionals (psychologists, mental health technicians and psychiatrists) to this alternative treatment are described. Qualitative data have been collected through in-depth interviews with 49 Spiritist mediums in Puerto Rico, and case histories of 22 patients and their family members, all of whom gave informed consent. In Brazil, interviews were conducted with a sample of 115 Spiritist mediums, with their informed consent. These mediums responded to semi-structured interviews and standard measures of social adjustment and mental health. As expected, beliefs and practices of Spiritist healers regarding psychotic symptoms, whether manifested by themselves or by clients diagnosed with schizophrenia or other disorders, differ substantively from conventional psychiatric constructs and treatment approaches. According to patients' self reports and researchers' observations, spirit healers often achieve positive results with persons manifesting psychotic symptoms or diagnosed with schizophrenia in that symptoms become less frequent and/or social adjustment improves. We suggest psychosocial mechanisms to explain these findings and raise questions for future research.
Assuntos
Transtornos Psicóticos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Psicóticos/terapia , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Esquizofrenia/terapia , Espiritualismo/psicologia , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Brasil , Humanos , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Porto Rico , Terapias Espirituais/métodosRESUMO
Na busca pela saúde muitos recorrem a práticas religiosas que, ao longo do tempo, foram consideradas estranhas e extravagantes. Nossa cultura racionalista perdeu de vista a imensa contribuição que as rezadeiras, ainda hoje, oferecem para a vida de muitas pessoas que a elas recorrem em busca de alívio de suas dores materiais e espirituais. Nesta dissertação nossa tarefa, como cientista da religião, é reconstruir pontes que possibilitem um diálogo integrador e transdisciplinar das ciências com a vida. Nas benzeções, busca-se saúde e se encontra salvação, entre, através e além dessas práticas. Negar a complexidade deste fenômeno é negligenciar a força revitalizadora que anima e fortalece a experiência de fé e de solidariedade que é possível identificar em nossas periferias.(AU)
Searching health, many people resort to religious practices that along the time were considered strange and extravagant. Our racionalistic culture has lost the great contribution that the sorceress offers to the lives of many people who appeal to them looking for relief to their material and spiritual pain. In this dissertation, our work, as a religion scientist, is to reconstruct bridges that could make possible an integrated and transdiscipline dialogue between science and life. In magic blessing practice, health and salvation are in a dialogical relationship between, through and beyond prays and blesses. Deny this phenomenon complexity is the same as negligence the revitalization strength that empowers and encourages the faith and solidary experience which could be find in all society levels.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Terapias Espirituais , Cura pela Fé , Religião , Simbolismo , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Terapias Espirituais/instrumentação , Terapias Espirituais/métodos , Cura pela Fé/instrumentação , Cura pela Fé/métodos , Pesquisa Qualitativa , FitoterapiaRESUMO
The Spiritist perspective on mental disorders exerts a great influence in Brazil. Spiritist theory supports the survival of the spirit after death with an exchange of knowledge between the incarnated and disincarnated spirits. This article reviews the texts on mental disorders and Spiritism written by four leading Spiritist authors: Allan Kardec, Bezerra de Menezes, Inácio Ferreira and Joanna de Angelis. These authors advocated a model of spiritual etiology without rejecting the biological, psychological, and social causes of mental disorders. The Spiritist etiologic model for mental disorders includes the negative influences of discarnated spirits (termed 'obsession') or trauma experienced in previous lives. In addition to conventional medical and psychological therapeutics, spiritist séances for disobsession are recommended, as well as 'passes', prayers and efforts to live according to ethical principles. The importance of Spiritist views in Brazil indicates the need for more academic research on this tradition.