RESUMO
Avian reovirus (ARV) is one of the main causes of infectious arthritis/tenosynovitis and malabsorption syndrome (MAS) in poultry. ARVs have been disseminated in Brazilian poultry flocks in the last years. This study aimed to genotype ARVs and to evaluate the molecular evolution of the more frequent ARV lineages detected in Brazilian poultry-producing farms. A total of 100 poultry flocks with clinical signs of tenosynovitis/MAS, from all Brazilian poultry-producing regions were positive for ARV by PCR. Seventeen bird tissues were submitted to cell culture and ARV RNA detection/genotyping by two PCRs. The phylogenetic classification was based on σC gene alignment using a dataset with other Brazilian and worldwide ARVs sequences. ARVs were specifically detected by both PCRs from the 17 cell cultures, and σC gene partial fragments were sequenced. All these sequences were aligned with a total of 451 ARV σC gene data available in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated five well-defined clusters that were classified into lineages I, II, III, IV, and V. Three lineages could be further divided into sub-lineages: I (I vaccine, Ia, Ib), II (IIa, IIb, IIc) and IV (IVa and IVb). Brazilian ARVs were from four lineages/sub-lineages: Ib (48.2%), IIb (22.2%), III (3.7%) and V (25.9%). The Bayesian analysis demonstrated that the most frequent sub-lineage Ib emerged in the world around 1968 and it was introduced into Brazil in 2010, with increasing spread soon after. In conclusion, four different ARV lineages are circulating in Brazilian poultry flocks, all associated with clinical diseases. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS One-hundred ARV-positive flocks were detected in all main poultry-producing regions from Brazil. A large dataset of 468 S1 sequences was constructed and divided ARVs into five lineages. Four lineages/sub-lineages (Ib, IIb, III and V) were detected in commercial poultry flocks from Brazil. Brazilian lineages shared a low identity with the commercial vaccine lineage (I vaccine). Sub-lineage Ib emerged around 1968 and was introduced into Brazil in 2010.
Assuntos
Orthoreovirus Aviário/genética , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/virologia , Tenossinovite/veterinária , Animais , Teorema de Bayes , Brasil/epidemiologia , Evolução Molecular , Genótipo , Orthoreovirus Aviário/classificação , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Aves Domésticas/virologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/epidemiologia , Tenossinovite/epidemiologia , Tenossinovite/virologiaRESUMO
Infectious arthritis or tenosynovitis in broiler and breeder chickens results in major loss of productivity because of reduced growth and downgrading at processing plants. The most common causative agents of avian infectious arthritis are the bacterium Mycoplasma synoviae and avian reoviruses (ARVs) (family Reoviridae, genus Orthoreovirus). In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of these two pathogens in arthritis or tenosynovitis lesions of broilers and breeder flocks in southern Brazil using molecular detection. Tissue sections from tibiotarsal joints with visible lesions from 719 broilers and 505 breeders were analysed using pathogen-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. In breeders, 41.2% (n = 296) of lesions were positive for M. synoviae, 26.4% (n = 190) were positive for ARV, while co-infection was present in 12.2% (n = 88) of the samples. In broilers, 20.8% (n = 105) of lesions were positive for M. synoviae, 11.9% (n = 60) for ARV and 7.7% (n = 39) of these cases were positive for both pathogens. Post-mortem examination revealed lesions with varying degrees of gross pathological severity. Histopathological examination showed intense, diffuse lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrates with heterophil accumulation, primarily in the synovial capsule and digital flexor tendon, in all samples. Improved strategies for early detection and control of these major avian pathogens are highly desirable for preventing the spread of infection and reducing economic losses in the poultry industry.
Assuntos
Artrite/veterinária , Infecções por Mycoplasma/veterinária , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Infecções por Reoviridae/veterinária , Tenossinovite/veterinária , Animais , Artrite/epidemiologia , Artrite/microbiologia , Artrite/patologia , Autopsia/veterinária , Brasil , Galinhas , Infecções por Mycoplasma/epidemiologia , Infecções por Mycoplasma/patologia , Mycoplasma synoviae/isolamento & purificação , Orthoreovirus Aviário/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/epidemiologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/virologia , Infecções por Reoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Reoviridae/patologia , Tenossinovite/epidemiologia , Tenossinovite/microbiologia , Tenossinovite/patologiaRESUMO
Flexor tendon tenosynovitis is an entrapment of the flexor tendons at its entrance to the pulley system. Because there is a high incidence of this pathology, it should be well known by physicians, rheumathologists and orthopaedic surgeons. On this paper we present a literature review, analyzing the anatomic facts, biomechanics, diagnosis, classification, therapeutic options and we propose some general recommendations for physicians.
Assuntos
Humanos , Tenossinovite/etiologia , Tenossinovite/epidemiologia , Dedo em Gatilho/diagnóstico , Dedo em Gatilho/terapia , Tenossinovite/classificação , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Incidência , Infiltração de Neutrófilos , Dedo em Gatilho/cirurgia , AnatomiaRESUMO
The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of subclinical ankle involvement by ultrasound in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The study was conducted on 216 patients with RA and 200 healthy sex- and age-matched controls. Patients with no history or clinical evidence of ankle involvement underwent US examination. For each ankle, tibio-talar (TT) joint, tibialis anterior (TA) tendon, extensor halux (EH) and extensor common (EC) tendons, tibialis posterior (TP) tendon, flexor common (FC) tendon and flexor hallux (FH) tendon, peroneous brevis (PB) and longus (PL) tendons, Achilles tendon (AT) and plantar fascia (PF) were assessed. The following abnormalities were recorded: synovitis, tenosynovitis, bursitis, enthesopathy and rupture. BMI, DAS28, RF ESR and CRP were also obtained. A total of 432 ankles of patients with RA and 400 ankles of healthy controls were assessed. In 188 (87%) patients with RA, US showed ankle abnormalities whereas, in control group, US found abnormalities in 57 (28.5 %) subjects (p = 0.01). The most frequent US abnormality in RA patients was TP tenosynovits (69/216) (31.9 %), followed by PL tenosynovitis (58/216) (26.9 %), TT synovitis (54/216) (25 %), PB tenosynovitis (51/216) (23.6 %), AT enthesopathy (41/216) (19 %) and AT bursitis (22/216) (10.2 %). In 118 RA patients out of 216 (54.6%), a positive PD was found. No statistically significant correlation was found between the US findings and age, disease duration, BMI, DAS28, RF, ESR and CRP. The present study provides evidence of the higher prevalence of subclinical ankle involvement in RA patients than in age- and gender-matched healthy controls identified by US.
Assuntos
Articulação do Tornozelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Artrite Reumatoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Bursite/diagnóstico por imagem , Sinovite/diagnóstico por imagem , Tenossinovite/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Artrite Reumatoide/epidemiologia , Bursite/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Sinovite/epidemiologia , Tenossinovite/epidemiologia , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyse the personal and occupational factors associated with the prevalence and duration of sickness benefit claims due to synovitis and tenosynovitis (CID10 M65). METHODS: Cross-sectional study regarding sickness benefit claims due to synovitis and tenosynovitis granted to employees by National Institute of Social Security in Brazil in 2008. Data on economic activity (Economic Activities National Classification - CNAE division, class), sex, age, type and duration of benefits were collected from the Unified Benefit System. The study's population consists of the average monthly employment contracts declared to the National Register of Social Information. RESULTS: In 2008, 35,601 employees were granted sickness benefits due to synovitis and tenosynovitis, with a prevalence of 10.9/10,000 employments. Sickness benefits showed higher prevalence rates (PR) for work-related claims (PR 1,2), mostly made by females (PR 3.3) and by workers older than 39 years (PR 1,4). The CNAE 37-Sewage (55.4) and 60-Broadcasting Activity (47.1) had the highest overall prevalence. However, the 64-Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding and 6422-Multiple banks with commercial service had the highest rates of work-related claims (RP 3.2 and 3.8, respectively), and the longer duration (70 and 73 days, respectively). Workers older than 39 years had the highest durations of work disability claims. Both the CNAE-division 60-Broadcasting Activity, and the CNAE-class 6010-Radio showed a high activity ratio of females (PR 8.1 and 10.8, respectively). CONCLUSION: The work disability due to synovitis and tenosynovitis presents prevalence and duration associated with economic activity, sex, age and kind of benefit (non work-related and work-related claims).
Assuntos
Sinovite , Tenossinovite , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Sinovite/epidemiologia , Tenossinovite/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Bernardino Ramazzine, em 1700, identificava as principais causas de doença e sofrimento entre os trabalhadores que desempenhavam trabalhos repetitivos: a contínua vida sedentária, o contínuo e sempre o mesmo movimento da mäo e a atençäo mental. O pai da Medicina do Trabalho descrevia as doenças específicas dos escribas e notários, duas categorias profissionais, que se distinguiam pela arte de escrever com velocidade, estavam em extinçäo com o advento da indústria tipográfica, e cuja atividade pouco tinha em comum com as desempenhadas pela maioria dos trabalhadores do seu tempo. Nesta época, o mundo do trabalho se caracterizava pela utilizaçäo da força humana como força energética, e o trabalho realizado em prolongadas jornadas, implicava em grande esforço físico, gasto calórico elevado e variedade de movimentos, resultando em um padräo de desgaste que aliava a desnutriçäo e as doenças infecto-contagiosas aos acidentes de trabalho graves e fatais. Só no final do século XVIII, com as profundas transformaçöes advindas da Revoluçäo Industrial, a energia das máquinas substitui a força física dos homens. O desenvolvimento dos processos de trabalho automatizados, com base na microeletrônica e na informática, difundidos em praticamente todos os ramos da econômia, caracterizam o momento atual. A automatizaçäo foi, e ainda é, comumente festejada pelas suas possibilidades de transformaçäo das condiçöes de trabalho, libertando o homem dos trabalhos penosos e perigosos, ou "modernizando" e facilitando os processos de trabalho na indústria e serviços através da utilizaçäo dos computadores...
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Medicina do Trabalho , Tenossinovite/epidemiologia , Mulheres Trabalhadoras , Transtornos Traumáticos Cumulativos , Entrevistas como AssuntoRESUMO
As lers (Lesöes por Exposiçöes Repetitivas) e as LTCs (Lesöes por Traumas Cumulativos) têm sido negligenciadas ou supervalorizadas pelos serviços de Saúde Ocupacional das empresas com conseqüências ruins para o empregado, empregador e para o país quando ocorre aposentadoria por doença ocupacional. O presente artigo faz uma revisäo crítica dessa situaçäo como colocaçöes diagnósticas e preventivas, sugerindo medidas para minimizar tal impacto social