RESUMO
Chlorogenic acids (CGA) are the most abundant phenolic compounds in green coffee beans and in the human diet and have been suggested to mitigate several cardiometabolic risk factors. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effect of a water-based standardized green coffee extract (GCE) on cardiometabolic parameters in ApoE-/- mice and to explore the potential underlying mechanisms. Mice were fed an atherogenic diet without (vehicle) or with GCE by gavage (equivalent to 220 mg/kg of CGA) for 14 weeks. We assessed several metabolic, pathological, and inflammatory parameters and inferred gut microbiota composition, diversity, and functional potential. Although GCE did not reduce atherosclerotic lesion progression or plasma lipid levels, it induced important favorable changes. Specifically, improved metabolic parameters, including fasting glucose, insulin resistance, serum leptin, urinary catecholamines, and liver triglycerides, were observed. These changes were accompanied by reduced weight gain, decreased adiposity, lower inflammatory infiltrate in adipose tissue, and protection against liver damage. Interestingly, GCE also modulated hepatic IL-6 and total serum IgM and induced shifts in gut microbiota. Altogether, our results reveal the cooccurrence of these beneficial cardiometabolic effects in response to GCE in the same experimental model and suggest potential mediators and pathways involved.
Assuntos
Apolipoproteínas E/metabolismo , Coffea/química , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Tecido Adiposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Adiposo/microbiologia , Animais , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Aterosclerose , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência à Insulina , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/microbiologia , Cirrose Hepática/prevenção & controle , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/prevenção & controle , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
Gut microbiota is important for maintaining body weight. Modulation of gut microbiota by probiotics may result in weight loss and thus help in obesity treatment. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus on weight loss and/or fat mass in overweight adults. A search was performed on the Medline (PubMed) and Scopus electronic databases using the search terms: 'probiotics', 'Lactobacillus, 'obesity', 'body weight changes', 'weight loss', 'overweight', 'abdominal obesity', 'body composition', 'body weight', 'body fat' and 'fat mass'. In the total were found 1567 articles, but only 14 were included in this systematic review. Of these nine showed decreased body weight and/or body fat, three did not find effect and two showed weight gain. Results suggest that the beneficial effects are strain dependent. It can highlight that Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus when combined with a hypocaloric diet, L. plantarum with Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei with phenolic compounds, and multiple species of Lactobacillus.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/microbiologia , Peso Corporal , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Lactobacillus/fisiologia , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Obesidade/microbiologia , Sobrepeso/microbiologia , Redução de Peso , Humanos , Lactobacillus/classificação , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Obesity has become a major public health challenge in recent years. Recent studies suggest that alterations of the gut microbiota by antibiotics could play an important role in obesity. METHODS: We investigated this topic using 60 Wistar rats, which were divided into 3 experimental groups: rats treated with amoxicillin, rats treated with amoxicillin plus Saccharomyces boulardii and controls. Treatments were administered over the course of 2 weeks. Tetrapolar bioelectric impedance analysis and anthropometric evaluations were conducted. RESULTS: The body mass index was significantly lower for the animals in the control group (p = 0.034). The same result was observed for the Lee index: the control group had a lower index than the 2 groups that received antibiotic treatment (p = 0.0019). The total body water data demonstrated that the control group had the greatest amount of body water (279.1 g, p = 0.0243). CONCLUSIONS: The groups treated with the antibiotic exhibited a greater accumulation of body fat than the control group.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Obesidade/microbiologia , Probióticos/farmacologia , Tecido Adiposo/microbiologia , Amoxicilina/farmacologia , Animais , Índice de Massa Corporal , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Saccharomyces/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Beef lean, fat, and connective tissues were inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 before and after a prewashing procedure to compare the efficacy of prewashing and no prewashing on bacterial adherence and, consequently, on the removal of bacteria from the inoculated surfaces. Prewashing consisted of spraying tissues with tap water before inoculation. Final washing with disinfectant solutions compared the efficacy of several chemicals for the removal or destruction of E. coli O157:H7. The results showed that prewashing was very effective in reducing the numbers of bacterial cells on beef tissues, mainly lean tissue, in the control samples which received final washing with water. An opposite effect of prewashing was observed when disinfectant solutions were used for final washing; this may be due to dilution by water carried on the tissues after prewashing. The efficacy of chemicals was dependent on the type of exposed tissue. Hydrogen peroxide (3%) was more efficient in the removal of E. coli O157:H7 from connective tissues, with reductions greater than 4 log CFU/cm2, compared to a normally washed control (P < 0.01). Chlorhexidine (0.1%) was very efficient on fat and lean tissues, causing reductions over 5 log CFU/cm2 on not prewashed fat and lean tissues, compared to the control (P < 0.01). Acetic acid (5%) was the least effective, decreasing the number of CFU by under 1 log/cm2 as compared to the control; and no statistically significant difference was found among tissues, even though the removal of bacteria seemed less in lean tissue compared to fat or connective tissues.
Assuntos
Clorexidina/farmacologia , Desinfetantes/farmacologia , Escherichia coli O157/efeitos dos fármacos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Produtos da Carne/microbiologia , Tecido Adiposo/microbiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Tecido Conjuntivo/microbiologia , Escherichia coli O157/isolamento & purificação , Manipulação de Alimentos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The infectious process for Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus in an enzootic vector mosquito, Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus, was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Following large dose oral infection, virus was seen in the abdominal fat body and epidermis within 1 hr of engorgement. Replicated virus appeared to leave the mesenteron 3-4 hr post-infection. Dissemination to other organs occurred between days 1 and 2 of extrinsic incubation, when the hindgut and abdominal nerve ganglia were found to be infected. Virus reached the thoracic nerve ganglia, brain and salivary glands by 4 days post-infection, and flight muscles contained virus by day 6. Virus was never detected in the malphigian tubules or ovaries of infected mosquitoes within 21 days of extrinsic incubation. These results suggest that virus particles penetrate the mesenteron and accumulate in the abdominal fat body prior to replication within the vector. This pattern differs from that reported for other arbovirus-vector pairs.