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Introducción: La aparición de la ecografía endoanal 360º significó un cambio importante en la Coloproctología de los últimos 20 años.1 Ha ganado popularidad por ser mínimamente invasivo, indoloro y costo/efectivo si se compara con otros estudios por imágenes. Además, es habitualmente realizada por un Coloproctólogo y puede formar parte del examen en la consulta. Objetivo: Comunicar la experiencia de nuestro grupo en el diagnóstico de diferentes patologías anorrectales mediante la utilización del método. Población y métodos: Entre noviembre de 2010 y abril de 2014 realizamos 978 ecografías endoanales de 360º. Las variables analizadas fueron: estudios realizados según diagnósticos de sospecha; variación en la cantidad de estudios solicitados y realizados durante el periodo establecido; especialidad del médico que solicita el estudio. Resultados: En cuanto al diagnóstico sospechado por el médico derivante, de los 978 estudios, 422 (43,1%) correspondieron a fístulas perianales, 311 (31,79%) ecografías fueron realizadas por diagnóstico de incontinencia anal, 93 (9,5%) como evaluación esfinteriana preoperatoria, 48 (4,9%) por proctalgia crónica, 7 (0,71%) fístulas ano-recto-vaginales, y 20 (2,04%) por otras sospechas diagnósticas (disinergias del piso pelviano, control postoperatorio, etc.). En cuanto a la variación de la cantidad de estudios en el tiempo, se realizaron 8 procedimientos en 2010, 146 durante 2011, 254 en 2012, 402 ecografías en 2013 y 168 durante los primeros meses de 2014. En cuanto a la especialidad acreditada por los médicos que prescribieron el estudio, el 84,1% (823) correspondía a cirujanos colorrectales, el 6,64% (65) a cirujanos generales, el 3,6% (36) a gastroenterólogos, el 2,4% (24) a ginecólogos y el 2,04% (20) a otros. Fueron excluidas del presente trabajo las ecografías realizadas para estadificar o reestadificar los tumores del recto inferior y el ano (22 estudios)...

Background: The appeareance of the 360º endoanal ultrasonography as a diagnostic method an improvement for coloproctology in the last 20 years.(1) It has been gaining popularity in virtue of being minimally invasive, painless and cost/effective, especially when compared to other methods. Furthermore, it is mainly realized by coloproctologists, making it almost part of the physical exam at the consult. Objective: To communicate our experience at the diagnostic of different anorectal pathologies. Population and methods: Between November 2010 and April 2014, we performed 978 studies with the 360º endoanal ultrasound. All of the studies were done with the same equipment and by the same operator. We analyzed the followings variables: Studies performed according to different initials diagnostics; variation in the number of studies requested and performed during the 4 years period; specialty of the primary physician who requested the study. Results: From 978 studies performed, 422 (43,1%) correspond to fistula in ano, 311 (31,79%) to anal incontinence, 93 (9,5%) were done for preoperative evaluation of the anal sphincter, 48 (4,9%) for chronic anal pain, 7 (0,71%) for recto vaginal fistula, and 20 (2,04%) for other presumed diagnostics (pelvic floor dyssynergia, post operatory control). As regards to the variation of the number of studies requested during this 4 years period we found that during 2010 we performed 8 procedures, 146 during 2011, 254 in 2012, 402 in 2013 and 168 during the firsts months of 2014. In relation to the specialty of the primary physician who requested the study, 84,1% (823) were solicited by coloproctologists, 6,64% (65) by general surgeons, 3,6% (36) by gastroenterologists, 2,4% (24) by gynecologists, and 2,04% (20) by other specialists. Studies performed for rectal and anal tumors staging (22 studies...

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BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal (GI) complications are common after renal transplantation, mainly owing to immunosuppressive therapy. Assessment of GI transit time can facilitate rational management of these disorders. OBJECTIVE: We evaluate the GI transit parameters in renal transplant recipients taking tacrolimus, azathioprine, and prednisone with the use of the alternate current biosusceptometry (ACB) technique and compared them with healthy volunteers. METHODS: Ten renal transplant recipients and 10 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. After an overnight fast, patients and volunteers ingested a standard meal containing magnetic markers. The biomagnetic monitoring was performed at 10-minute intervals for at least 8 hours to obtain gastric emptying as well as the colonic arrival time-intensity curves. Mean gastric emptying time (MGET), mean colon arrival time (MCAT), and mean small intestinal transit time (MSITT) were quantified and compared between control and patient groups with results expressed as mean ± SD. RESULTS: The MGET measured by the ACB technique was 48 ± 31 minutes and 197 ± 50 minutes for patients and healthy subjects, respectively. MSITT and MCAT values calculated for patients versus volunteers were 171 ± 71 minutes versus 197 ± 71 minutes and 219 ± 83 minutes versus 373 ± 52 minutes, respectively. Renal transplant recipients showed significantly faster; gastric emptying and colon arrival times (P < .001) compared with normal volunteers; however, small intestinal transit time was not significantly different (P = .44). CONCLUSIONS: In stable renal transplant recipients, the GI transit parameters were significantly faster than in normal healthy volunteers. ACB sensors are versatile technologies that can be used for clinical research, because they offer an excellent opportunity to evaluate GI transit in a noninvasive manner without the use of ionizing radiation.

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Physiological studies of swallowing and the diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia are crucially dependent of detailed information of respiratory and feeding events. However, this information has been obtained by indirect and/or expensive methods, as well as by methods demanding exposure to radiation. In this context, the purpose of this study was twofold: (1) describe a new low-cost system for the analysis of the respiratory events during swallowing using the Forced Oscillation Technique and (2) evaluate the performance of this device in the description of physiological events during water swallowing. The device consists of a personal computer adapted to measurement modules able to characterize the soft palate movement, the elevation of the larynx, the duration of deglutition apnoea, and the direction of airflow at the end of the swallow apnoea. These parameters were studied in eight healthy subjects under conditions of saliva swallowing and three doses of water (5,10 and 20 mL). The system allowed a real time description of the respiratory and feeding events, which were in close agreement with physiological principles. Mean results showed an increase of the apnoea time that was not statistically significant. In contrast, a highly significant increase of respiratory impedance during swallowing was observed (p < 0.0001). The described instrument does not use radiation. It shows itself particularly well suited for studies of deglutition physiology, including mechanisms involved in airway protection during swallowing. It can also be potentially useful contributing to easy clinical bedside evaluations and biofeedback procedures for the rehabilitation of paediatric and elderly patients.

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