RESUMO
This project analyses the uptake and biodegradation of the antimicrobial sulfadimidine (SDI) from the culture medium and up to the anaerobic digestion. Tripolium pannonicum was grown under hydroponic conditions with different concentrations of SDI (0, 5 and 10mg·L(-1)) and the fresh biomass, containing different amounts of SDI taken up, was used as substrate for biogas production. SDI was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to positive ion electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI LC-MS). Based on the findings, T. pannonicum is able to uptake SDI. The more SDI is in the culture medium, the higher the SDI content in the plant tissue. According to this study, it is possible to produce high yields of biogas using biomass of T. pannonicum containing SDI and at the same time biodegradation of SDI is carried out. The highest specific biogas yield is obtained using shoots as substrate of the plants cultivated at 5mg·L(-1) SDI.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacocinética , Asteraceae/metabolismo , Biodegradação Ambiental , Biocombustíveis , Sulfametazina/farmacocinética , Anaerobiose , Anti-Infecciosos/metabolismo , Asteraceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Biomassa , Biotecnologia/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Meios de Cultura/química , Hidroponia/métodos , Metano/biossíntese , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray/métodos , Sulfametazina/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) catalyzes the bioactivation and/or detoxification of drugs and carcinogens. The aim of this study was to establish the correlation between the NAT2 genotype and the acetylating phenotype in a Mexican population using sulfamethazine as a probe. From a total of 122 individuals, 73 (59.8%) were slow and 49 (40.2%) were fast acetylators. Eleven individuals (9%) had the wild-type genotype (NAT2*4/NAT2*4). The most frequent genotype was NAT2*4/NAT2*5B observed in 20.66% of individuals. In conclusion, our results show that an accurate prediction of the acetylation phenotype by genotyping can be achieved in around half of the population. Further studies with a larger number of individuals are required to establish correlations between phenotype and genotype in half of that patients having a genotype combined with slow/rapid alleles.
Assuntos
Arilamina N-Acetiltransferase/genética , Carcinógenos/farmacologia , Polimorfismo Genético , Sulfametazina/farmacocinética , Acetilação , Adulto , Idoso , Alelos , Arilamina N-Acetiltransferase/metabolismo , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/metabolismoRESUMO
Sulphonamides are still being used widely, influenced by the low cost and the efficacy against many common bacterial infections, since they present a broad spectrum of activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of age on the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) integration of intravenous sulfamethazine (60 mg/kgbw) in cattle, and the possible therapeutic outcomes. Six healthy female calves, at the age of one, three, seven and fifteen weeks were used. Normality analysis was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Non-parametric tests for paired data were used. Plasma concentrations were quantified using HPLC/uv. Differences were found between one-three-weeks-old calves and seven-fifteen-weeks-old calves, in pharmacokinetic parameters (clearance, area under the concentration-time curve and elimination half-life) and in the PK/PD integration. The ratios obtained in PK/PD integration (T>MIC, WAUC) confirm that it is necessary to apply twice the dose of sulfamethazine in > or = 7 weeks-old cattle to reach a satisfactory dosage regimen (MIC > or = 32 microg/mL).