RESUMO
Mangifera indica Linn popularly known as mango is used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to identify the metabolomic composition of lyophilized extract of mango leaf (MIE), to evaluate the antioxidant activity on several oxidative stress systems (DPPH, FRAP, TBARS, and ABTS), the spasmolytic and antispasmodic activity, and intestinal protective effect on oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in rat ileum. Twenty-nine metabolites were identified and characterized based on their ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry, these include: benzophenone derivatives, xanthones, phenolic acids, fatty acids, flavonoids and procyanidins. Extract demonstrated a high antioxidant activity in in-vitro assays. MIE relaxed (p < 0.001) intestinal segments of rat pre-contracted with acetylcholine (ACh) (10-5 M). Pre-incubation of intestinal segments with 100 µg/mL MIE significantly reduced (p < 0.001) the contraction to H2O2. Similar effects were observed with mangiferin and quercetin (10-5 M; p < 0.05) but not for gallic acid. Chronic treatment of rats with MIE (50 mg/kg) for 28 days significantly reduced (p < 0.001) the H2O2-induced contractions. MIE exhibited a strong antioxidant activity, spasmolytic and antispasmodic activity, which could contribute to its use as an alternative for the management of several intestinal diseases related to oxidative stress.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Íleo/efeitos dos fármacos , Mangifera/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Animais , Benzofenonas/química , Benzotiazóis/química , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Ácido Gálico/farmacologia , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Masculino , Metabolômica , Modelos Biológicos , Estresse Oxidativo , Parassimpatolíticos/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Picratos/química , Quercetina/farmacologia , Ratos , Ácidos Sulfônicos/química , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/química , Xantonas/químicaRESUMO
This study evaluated the effects of freezing, prior to and after dry aging, on the microbiological and physical-chemical quality of beef. Strip loins (nâ¯=â¯24) from 12 carcasses were assigned to four treatments: non-frozen dry aging (Dry); dry aging, steak fabrication, freezing and slow thawing (Dryâ¯+â¯ST); freezing, fast thawing (FT; 20⯰C/15â¯h) and dry aging (FTâ¯+â¯Dry); freezing, slow thawing (ST; 4⯰C/48â¯h) and dry aging (STâ¯+â¯Dry). Freezing conditions wereâ¯-â¯20⯰C/28â¯days and dry aging conditions were 2⯰C/70% relative humidity, for 28â¯days. Freezing prior to dry aging did not affect the microbial counts compared to Dry. However, FTâ¯+â¯Dry and STâ¯+â¯Dry increased (16%) total process loss (Pâ¯<â¯.05) compared to Dry and Dry+ST. Moreover, freezing changed volatile compounds profile. Thus, freezing prior to dry aging was not a feasible process due to increased process loss, while freezing after dry aging was considered a viable alternative to preserve the steaks without compromising beef physical-chemical traits.
Assuntos
Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Microbiologia de Alimentos/métodos , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Congelamento , Carne Vermelha/análise , Carne Vermelha/microbiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Cor , Armazenamento de Alimentos/métodos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Fenômenos Físicos , Resistência ao Cisalhamento , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/química , Fatores de Tempo , Água/químicaRESUMO
Rice bran is a byproduct with high biological value protein, fiber and phytic acid content. The nutritional and technological properties of rice bran have been highlighted and are attractive for food application. This research aimed at replacing soy protein (SP) and sodium erythorbate (SE) by defatted rice bran (DRB) in chicken nuggets. Three formulations were prepared: T1 with SP and SE; T2 with SP and without SE; and T3 with total SP and SE replacement by DRB. Lipid stability was evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) on storage days 0, 30, and 60 (-18 °C). Physicochemical and microbiological parameters were also evaluated. Color, aroma, flavor, texture acceptance, and overall impression was evaluated using a 9-point hedonic scale for 60 days of storage. T3 presented lipid stability comparable to T1 in all intervals evaluated reinforcing the antioxidant potential of DRB. However, T2 showed the lowest lipid stability due to the absence of antioxidants, presenting rancid aroma and flavor not allowing for its sensorial evaluation. Physico-chemical and microbiological parameters were either not influenced or positively influenced by DRB addition. For all attributes, T3 and T1 presented similar acceptance sensory means, with > 72.4% acceptability index. DRB is a rice byproduct potentially suitable for its use by the meat industry.(AU)
O farelo de arroz é um subproduto que contém proteína de alto valor biológico, fibra e ácido fítico. As propriedades nutricionais e tecnológicas do farelo de arroz têm sido destacadas e se mostrado vantajosas para a aplicação em alimentos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi substituir a proteína de soja (SP) e o eritorbato de sódio (SE) por farelo de arroz desengordurado (DRB) em nuggets de frango. Três formulações foram preparadas: T1 com SP e SE; T2 com SP e sem SE; e T3 com substituição total de SP e SE por DRB. A estabilidade lipídica foi avaliada por substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico aos 0, 30 e 60 dias de armazenamento (-18 °C). Os parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos, e a aceitação também foram analisados. Na análise sensorial, os atributos de cor, aroma, sabor, textura e impressão global foram avaliados usando-se a escala hedônica de 9 pontos após 60 dias de armazenamento. O T3 apresentou estabilidade lipídica comparável ao T1 em todos os intervalos analisados reforçando o potencial antioxidante do DRB. Entretanto, T2 apresentou menor estabilidade lipídica devido à ausência de antioxidantes, apresentando aroma e sabor de ranço que não permitiram sua avaliação sensorial. Os parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos não foram influenciados, ou foram positivamente influenciados pela adição de DRB. Para todos os atributos, T3 e T1 apresentaram médias sensoriais de aceitação semelhantes, com índice de aceitabilidade superior a 72,4%. O DRB é um subproduto do arroz com potencial para ser usado pela indústria da carne.(AU)
Assuntos
Produtos Avícolas/análise , Oryza/química , Proteínas de Vegetais Comestíveis/química , Valor Nutritivo/fisiologia , Aves Domésticas , Ácido Ascórbico/análogos & derivados , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/química , Proteínas de SojaRESUMO
Particulate matter (PM) contains different chemical substances that have been associated with health effects and an increased risk of mortality due to their toxicity. In this study, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples were collected in a region with rural characteristics (Seropédica (Se)) and another with some industries (Duque de Caxias (DC)) (Brazil, RJ). Rats were exposed to PM2.5 extracts daily for 25 days at different dilutions: 10×, 5×, and a concentrated solution (CS). Biochemical analyses were investigated for total antioxidant capacity (ACAP), lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, activity of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), and activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST). The liver showed a significant increase in GCL (DC-5×, DC-CS and Se-CS) and GST activities (DC-CS and Se-CS) in both regions when compared to the control group. In the renal cortex, GCL activity decreased in most of the tested groups while GST activity increased only in the 5× groups of both regions (DC and Se). In the renal medulla, GCL activity decreased for Se-10× and DC-CS but increased for Se-5×, and GST activity increased in the Se-10×, DC-5×, and DC-CS groups. Lung GCL increased in all groups for both regions. Moreover, this organ also showed an increase in GST activity when higher metal concentrations were present (5× and CS). TBARS levels were increased for all tissues in most tested concentrations. These data indicate that soluble compounds (e.g., metals) from PM2.5 sampled in areas with different pollution indexes can change the redox status and cause damage to different tissues.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Material Particulado/metabolismo , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Animais , Glutamato-Cisteína Ligase , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Metais/química , Material Particulado/química , Ratos , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/químicaRESUMO
Olanzapine (OLZ), is used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, diseases that present oxidative stress in their physiopathology. It has low aqueous solubility, which may lead to low oral bioavailability. The search of new drug delivery systems (DDSs) that may increase dissolution rate of OLZ, associated with the investigation of the antioxidant potential of the loaded-systems become of major importance to understand improvement in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia therapy. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant potential of two different Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) loaded with 5% of OLZ (CaAl and NiAl), by radical scavenging activity (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and nitric oxid); radical cation scavenging activity (2,2'-azino-bis3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid ABTS) and evaluation of inhibition capacity of lipid peroxidation by thiobarbituric acid (TBARS). The results showed that both obtained LDH systems presented in vitro antioxidant capacity when associated with OLZ in all methods performed, and this activity is more pronounced with the systems containing OLZ compared to pure drug. The systems with CaAl was shown to have increased antioxidant potential, compared to NiAl, increasing the antioxidant activity up to 40,83%, 15,84% and 16,73%, as showed by the DPPH, nitric oxide and TBARS tests, respectively. The results revealed that the use of LDHs as a functional excipient may be promising in the pharmaceutical industry for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia therapy.
Assuntos
Alumínio/química , Antioxidantes/química , Benzodiazepinas/química , Cálcio/química , Hidróxidos/química , Níquel/química , Transtorno Bipolar/tratamento farmacológico , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Excipientes/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres , Humanos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Olanzapina , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/químicaRESUMO
This study aimed to develop chitosan films incorporating natural antioxidants from peanut skin (EPS) and pink pepper residue (EPP) extracts, as well as to evaluate their effects on lipid oxidation, pH, color, and microbial counts of a restructured chicken product. EPS had higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity compared to EPP. When both extracts were applied to chicken meat and the chitosan films, there were no differences for color, pH and total mesophilic counts compared to control at the end of the storage period. For lipid oxidation (peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), both extracts proved to be as effective as butylated hydroxytoluene to maintain the oxidative stability of the chicken product. The microbial counts of psychrotrophic microorganisms were significantly lower for treatments with active films. Chitosan active films with residue extracts may maintain the quality of chicken products due to their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/química , Quitosana/química , Embalagem de Alimentos/métodos , Conservação de Alimentos/métodos , Conservantes de Alimentos/química , Resíduos Industriais , Indústria de Embalagem de Carne/métodos , Produtos Avícolas/análise , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Arachis , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cor , Microbiologia de Alimentos/métodos , Conservantes de Alimentos/isolamento & purificação , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Lipídeos/química , Nozes , Oxirredução , Piper , Produtos Avícolas/microbiologia , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/química , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the in-vivo wound healing and in-vitro antioxidant activity of gels containing the ethyl acetate extract of Cecropia pachystachya (ECP) 2% and 5%, and to perform the chemical fingerprint of ECP by HPLC-DAD. METHODS: The wound healing activity of the gels was evaluated for 21 days, using the excision model in rats followed by histopathological and histomorphometric analysis. The in-vitro antioxidant effect of ECP was investigated using 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, reducing power, ß-carotene bleaching and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assays. Also, a HPLC analysis was performed to identify the chemical markers orientin, iso-orientin and chlorogenic acid. KEY FINDINGS: The group of animals treated with ECP 5% presented oedema and inflammatory infiltrate with less intensity than the other groups. Both ECP 2% and 5% gels showed less neovascularization and cellularity, and better tissue repair when compared to the control, which showed a younger and homogeneous tissue. CONCLUSIONS: This study had demonstrated that the ECP gels promoted the acceleration of the healing process when compared to the control group. Wound contraction, angiogenesis, epithelialization and the collagen deposition support further evaluation of C. pachystachya leaves in the topical treatment and management of skin wounds.
Assuntos
Cecropia/química , Géis/química , Géis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Ácido Clorogênico/química , Flavonoides/química , Glucosídeos/química , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/química , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/químicaRESUMO
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have an important role in a great variety of fermented foods. In addition to their contribution to sensory characteristics, they enhance food preservation and can be used as probiotics. In this study, the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of culture supernatants and cell free extracts of 16 LAB isolated from meat and dairy products were investigated. The bacterial were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. GenBank BLAST analysis revealed that all the isolates belong to Enterococcus faecium species. Antimicrobial activity against the indicator microorganism (Listeria monocytogenes) was observed at 11 culture supernatants and 4 cell free extracts. The sensibility of culture supernatant was evaluated by proteinase K and trypsin and it was observed that activity of antimicrobial substance was completely lost after the treatment. All of the isolates showed antioxidant activity as determined by the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) method with both types of extracts. When the antioxidant capacity was investigated using ABTSâ¢+ method (2,2 azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) and DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) it was observed that only culture supernatants showed antioxidant capacity. These bacteria could particularly help to reduce or inhibit pathogenic microorganisms as well as oxidative spoilage in foods and feed.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/análise , Laticínios/microbiologia , Enterococcus/química , Listeria monocytogenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Carne/microbiologia , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/químicaRESUMO
Abstract Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have an important role in a great variety of fermented foods. In addition to their contribution to sensory characteristics, they enhance food preservation and can be used as probiotics. In this study, the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of culture supernatants and cell free extracts of 16 LAB isolated from meat and dairy products were investigated. The bacterial were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. GenBank BLAST analysis revealed that all the isolates belong to Enterococcus faecium species. Antimicrobial activity against the indicator microorganism (Listeria monocytogenes) was observed at 11 culture supernatants and 4 cell free extracts. The sensibility of culture supernatant was evaluated by proteinase K and trypsin and it was observed that activity of antimicrobial substance was completely lost after the treatment. All of the isolates showed antioxidant activity as determined by the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) method with both types of extracts. When the antioxidant capacity was investigated using ABTS•+ method (2,2 azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) and DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) it was observed that only culture supernatants showed antioxidant capacity. These bacteria could particularly help to reduce or inhibit pathogenic microorganisms as well as oxidative spoilage in foods and feed.
Resumo As bactérias ácido láticas (BAL) têm um papel importante em uma grande variedade de alimentos fermentados. Em adição à sua contribuição para as características sensoriais, estes microorganismos melhoram a conservação de alimentos e podem ser utilizados como probióticos. Neste estudo, as atividades antimicrobiana e antioxidante do sobrenadante e dos extratos livres de células de 16 isolados de LAB de carne e produtos lácteos foram investigadas. Os isolados foram identificados pelo sequenciamento da região 16S do rRNA. Após a comparação das sequências obtidas com aquelas disponíveis na base de dados GenBank, observou-e que todos os isolados foram pertencentes à espécie Enterococcus faecium. A atividade antimicrobiana contra o microrganismo indicador (Listeria monocytogenes) foi observada no sobrenadante das culturas em 11 isolados, e nos extratos livres de células por 4 isolados. A sensibilidade da cultura sobrenadante foi avaliada pela proteinase K e tripsina e observou-se que a atividade da substância antimicrobiana foi completamente perdida após o tratamento com as enzimas proteolíticas. Todos os isolados apresentaram atividade antioxidante, como determinado pelo método do ácido tiobarbitúrico de substâncias reativas (TBARS) com ambos os tipos de extratos. Quando a capacidade antioxidante foi investigada usando o método do ABTS (2,2 azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) e o método de DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) observou-se que apenas os sobrenadantes das culturas demonstraram capacidade antioxidante. Estas bactérias poderiam particularmente ajudar a reduzir ou inibir microorganismos patogênicos, bem como a deterioração oxidativa em alimentos e rações.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/análise , Laticínios/microbiologia , Enterococcus/química , Listeria monocytogenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Carne/microbiologia , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/químicaRESUMO
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have an important role in a great variety of fermented foods. In addition to their contribution to sensory characteristics, they enhance food preservation and can be used as probiotics. In this study, the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of culture supernatants and cell free extracts of 16 LAB isolated from meat and dairy products were investigated. The bacterial were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. GenBank BLAST analysis revealed that all the isolates belong to Enterococcus faecium species. Antimicrobial activity against the indicator microorganism (Listeria monocytogenes) was observed at 11 culture supernatants and 4 cell free extracts. The sensibility of culture supernatant was evaluated by proteinase K and trypsin and it was observed that activity of antimicrobial substance was completely lost after the treatment. All of the isolates showed antioxidant activity as determined by the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) method with both types of extracts. When the antioxidant capacity was investigated using ABTS+ method (2,2 azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) and DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) it was observed that only culture supernatants showed antioxidant capacity. These bacteria could particularly help to reduce or inhibit pathogenic microorganisms as well as oxidative spoilage in foods and feed.(AU)
As bactérias ácido láticas (BAL) têm um papel importante em uma grande variedade de alimentos fermentados. Em adição à sua contribuição para as características sensoriais, estes microorganismos melhoram a conservação de alimentos e podem ser utilizados como probióticos. Neste estudo, as atividades antimicrobiana e antioxidante do sobrenadante e dos extratos livres de células de 16 isolados de LAB de carne e produtos lácteos foram investigadas. Os isolados foram identificados pelo sequenciamento da região 16S do rRNA. Após a comparação das sequências obtidas com aquelas disponíveis na base de dados GenBank, observou-e que todos os isolados foram pertencentes à espécie Enterococcus faecium. A atividade antimicrobiana contra o microrganismo indicador (Listeria monocytogenes) foi observada no sobrenadante das culturas em 11 isolados, e nos extratos livres de células por 4 isolados. A sensibilidade da cultura sobrenadante foi avaliada pela proteinase K e tripsina e observou-se que a atividade da substância antimicrobiana foi completamente perdida após o tratamento com as enzimas proteolíticas. Todos os isolados apresentaram atividade antioxidante, como determinado pelo método do ácido tiobarbitúrico de substâncias reativas (TBARS) com ambos os tipos de extratos. Quando a capacidade antioxidante foi investigada usando o método do ABTS (2,2 azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) e o método de DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) observou-se que apenas os sobrenadantes das culturas demonstraram capacidade antioxidante. Estas bactérias poderiam particularmente ajudar a reduzir ou inibir microorganismos patogênicos, bem como a deterioração oxidativa em alimentos e rações.(AU)
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/análise , Laticínios/microbiologia , Enterococcus/química , Listeria monocytogenes , Carne/microbiologia , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/químicaRESUMO
In this paper, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of picolylamide-based diselenides with the aim of developing a new series of diselenides with O···Se non-bonded interactions. The synthesis of diselenides was performed by a simple and efficient synthetic route. All the products were obtained in good yields and their structures were determined by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HRMS. All these new compounds showed promising activities when tested in different antioxidant assays. These amides exhibited strong thiol peroxidase-like (TPx) activity. In fact one of the compounds showed 4.66 times higher potential than the classical standard i.e., diphenyl diselenide. The same compound significantly inhibited iron (Fe)-induced thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) production in rat's brain homogenate. In addition, the X-ray structure of the most active compound showed non-bonded interaction between the selenium and the oxygen atom that are in close proximity and may be responsible for the increased antioxidant activity. The present study provides evidence about the possible biochemical influence of nonbonding interactions on organochalcogens potency.
Assuntos
Amidas/síntese química , Antioxidantes/síntese química , Compostos Organosselênicos/síntese química , Ácidos Picolínicos/síntese química , Piridinas/síntese química , Amidas/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Derivados de Benzeno/química , Derivados de Benzeno/farmacologia , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Misturas Complexas/química , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Organosselênicos/química , Compostos Organosselênicos/farmacologia , Peroxidases/química , Ácidos Picolínicos/farmacologia , Piridinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/químicaRESUMO
Bioactive compounds such as ω-3 fatty acids and terpenes, have been associated with beneficial health effects; however, their solubility in the gastrointestinal tract and its bioavailability in the body are low. Nanoemulsions offer a viable alternative to disperse lipophilic compounds and improve their dissolution, permeation, absorption and bioavailability. Enzyme modified phosphatidylcholine (PC) with ω-3 fatty acids was used as emulsifier to stabilize oil-in-water nanoemulsions generated using ultrasound device. These systems were used as carriers of betulinic acid, which has reported anti-carcinogenic activity. Phospholipase-catalyzed modification of PC allowed the incorporation of 50 mol% of ω-3 fatty acids. Formation variables such as oil type and ultrasound amplitude had effects on nanoemulsion characteristics. Incorporation of betulinic acid affected globule size; however, betulinic acid nanoemulsions below 200 nm could be prepared. The conditions under which betulinic acid nanoemulsions were obtained using the modified phosphatidylcholine with the smaller globule size (91 nm) were 10% PC, 25% glycerol, medium chain oil and 30% amplitude for 12 min in the sonicator. Storage temperature had an effect on the stability of the nanoemulsions, at 5°C we observed the smallest growth in globule size. The use of olive oil decreased the globule size growth during storage of the nanoemulsion stabilized with modified phosphatidylcholine, although globule size obtained was greater than 200 nm. Medium pH had a significant effect on the nanoemulsions; alkaline pH values improved storage stability. These results provide useful information for using this type of carrier system on the formulation of products in the pharmaceutical or food industry.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/química , Nanoestruturas/química , Fosfatidilcolinas/química , Triterpenos/química , Emulsões , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos , Sonicação , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/química , Ondas Ultrassônicas , Ácido BetulínicoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Recent data suggests that cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity may interact with acute stress conditions via inflammatory-oxidative response and thrombogenesis. We investigated this assumption in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS: Consecutive patients with STEMI (n = 116) were enrolled <24-h of symptoms onset and were followed for 180 days. Plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), 8-isoprostane, nitric oxide (NOx) and CETP activity were measured at enrollment (D1) and at fifth day (D5). Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed by ultrasound and coronary thrombus burden (CTB) was evaluated by angiography. RESULTS: Neither baseline nor the change of CETP activity from D1 to D5 was associated with CRP, IL-2, TNFα, 8-isoprostane levels or CTB. The rise in NOx from D1 to D5 was inferior [3.5(-1; 10) vs. 5.5(-1; 12); p < 0.001] and FMD was lower [5.9(5.5) vs. 9.6(6.6); p = 0.047] in patients with baseline CETP activity above the median value than in their counterparts. Oxidized HDL was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in isolated HDL particles and increased from D1 to D5, and remaining elevated at D30. The change in TBARS content in HDL was associated with CETP activity (r = 0.72; p = 0.014) and FMD (r = -0.61; p = 0.046). High CETP activity at admission was associated with the incidence of sudden death and recurrent MI at 30 days (OR 12.8; 95% CI 1.25-132; p = 0.032) and 180 days (OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.03-10.7; p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: An enhanced CETP activity during acute phase of STEMI is independently associated with endothelial dysfunction and adverse clinical outcome.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Transferência de Ésteres de Colesterol/sangue , Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangue , Infarto do Miocárdio/sangue , Oxigênio/química , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/química , Idoso , Angiografia , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Dinoprosta/análogos & derivados , Dinoprosta/sangue , Endotélio Vascular/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucina-2/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Óxido Nítrico/sangue , Estudos Prospectivos , Sistema de Registros , Resultado do Tratamento , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Doenças Vasculares/patologiaRESUMO
The antioxidant properties of organoselenium compounds have been extensively investigated with the aim of developing new drugs, since oxidative stress is responsible for a variety of chronic human diseases. Herein, we reported the synthesis of new nitrogen-containing diselenides by a simple and efficient synthetic route. The products were obtained in good to excellent yields and their identification and characterization were achieved by NMR and HRMS techniques. The new derivatives may represent promising structures with different biological activities, which can act against oxidative stress through diverse mechanisms of action. The glutathione peroxidase-like assay (GPx-like activity) of the new synthesized compounds indicated that they reduced H2O2 to water at the expense of PhSH. The best results were obtained with diselenide 2b, which was 9 times more active than the standard organoselenium drug ebselen and, in contrast, this compound was not reduced by hepatic TrxR. All of the new compounds inhibited Fe(II)-induced TBARS.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/síntese química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Nitrogênio/química , Compostos Organosselênicos/síntese química , Compostos Organosselênicos/farmacologia , Azóis/farmacologia , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Isoindóis , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/enzimologia , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Estrutura Molecular , Oxirredução , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/química , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Tiorredoxina Redutase 1/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The alkaline version of the single-cell gel (comet) assay is a useful method for quantifying DNA damage. Although some studies on chronic and acute effects of exercise on DNA damage measured by the comet assay have been performed, it is unknown if an aerobic training protocol with intensity, volume, and load clearly defined will improve performance without leading to peripheral blood cell DNA damage. In addition, the effects of overtraining on DNA damage are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of aerobic training and overtraining on DNA damage in peripheral blood and skeletal muscle cells in Swiss mice. To examine possible changes in these parameters with oxidative stress, we measured reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in total blood, and GSH levels and lipid peroxidation in muscle samples. RESULTS: Performance evaluations (i.e., incremental load and exhaustive tests) showed significant intra and inter-group differences. The overtrained (OTR) group showed a significant increase in the percentage of DNA in the tail compared with the control (C) and trained (TR) groups. GSH levels were significantly lower in the OTR group than in the C and TR groups. The OTR group had significantly higher lipid peroxidation levels compared with the C and TR groups. CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic and anaerobic performance parameters can be improved in training at maximal lactate steady state during 8 weeks without leading to DNA damage in peripheral blood and skeletal muscle cells or to oxidative stress in skeletal muscle cells. However, overtraining induced by downhill running training sessions is associated with DNA damage in peripheral blood and skeletal muscle cells, and with oxidative stress in skeletal muscle cells and total blood.
Assuntos
Células Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Dano ao DNA , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Condicionamento Físico Animal/efeitos adversos , Animais , Glutationa/química , Masculino , Camundongos , Estresse Oxidativo , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/químicaRESUMO
The hepatoprotective activity of the aqueous extract of the shells of pecan nut was investigated against ethanol-induced liver damage. This by-product of the food industry is popularly used to treat toxicological diseases. We evaluated the phytochemical properties of pecan shell aqueous extract (AE) and its in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant activity. The AE was found to have a high content of total polyphenols (192.4±1.9 mg GAE/g), condensed tannins (58.4±2.2 mg CE/g), and antioxidant capacity, and it inhibited Fe(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation (LP) in vitro. Rats chronically treated with ethanol (Et) had increased plasmatic transaminases (ALT, AST) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels (96%, 59.13% and 465.9%, respectively), which were effectively prevented (87; 41 and 383%) by the extract (1:40, w/v). In liver, ethanol consumption increased the LP (121%) and decreased such antioxidant defenses as glutathione (GSH) (33%) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (47%) levels, causing genotoxicity in erythrocytes. Treatment with pecan shell AE prevented the development of LP (43%), GSH and SOD depletion (33% and 109%, respectively) and ethanol-induced erythrocyte genotoxicity. Catalase activity in the liver was unchanged by ethanol but was increased by the extract (47% and 73% in AE and AE+Et, respectively). Therefore, pecan shells may be an economic agent to treat liver diseases related to ethanol consumption.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Carya/química , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/prevenção & controle , Etanol/toxicidade , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/enzimologia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/etiologia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/patologia , Eritrócitos/diagnóstico por imagem , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/enzimologia , Fígado/patologia , Testes de Função Hepática , Masculino , Micronúcleos com Defeito Cromossômico/induzido quimicamente , Nozes/química , Picratos/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/química , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Solanum guaraniticum is a shrub belonging to the Solanaceae family popularly known in Brazil as jurubeba or false-jurubeba. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of crude extract and chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions from its leaves, verifying the ability to remove reactive species and identify and quantify phenolic compounds. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest amount of total polyphenols (546.57 ± 2.35 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and the lowest IC(50) (9.11 ± 0.75 µg/mL) by the DPPH method. Furthermore, the chloroform fraction presented the highest content of flavonoids (75.73 ± 0.34 mg rutin equivalents/g), tannins (56.03 ± 0.68 mg catechin equivalents/g) and alkaloids (10.79 ± 0.06 mg/g). This fraction was effective in the scavenging of reactive species by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay, in addition to completely reducing protein carbonyl content and reducing lipid peroxidation at basal levels even at low concentrations. Chlorogenic, caffeic and rosmarinic acids were identified and quantified by HPLC/DAD. These results show that S. guaraniticum is rich in phenolic compounds and has potential as an antioxidant.
Assuntos
Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Solanum/química , Alcaloides/química , Alcaloides/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Ácidos Cafeicos/química , Ácidos Cafeicos/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Clorogênico/química , Ácido Clorogênico/isolamento & purificação , Cinamatos/química , Cinamatos/isolamento & purificação , Depsídeos/química , Depsídeos/isolamento & purificação , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Fluoresceínas/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/isolamento & purificação , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Picratos/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Carbonilação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Taninos/química , Taninos/isolamento & purificação , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/química , Ácido RosmarínicoRESUMO
The present study was carried out to examine the effect of vitamin premix reduction or withdrawal in finisher diet (29 to 42 days of age) on the performance and meat quality of chicks fed a wheat/barley based diet and reared on floor pens. A total of 504 male broiler chicks (Ross® 308) were allocated to seven treatment groups, with four replicates per treatment and 18 birds per replicate. All data were analyzed according to a completely randomized design. Results showed that the reduction or withdrawal of the vitamin premix from diets in different weeks of finisher period did not affect chicken performance (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in TBARS values of thigh samples of birds slaughtered at 35 days of age. However, the TBARS value of the treatment without vitamin premix was significantly higher than in the other treatments (p < 0.05) when birds were slaughtered at 42 days of age. Finally, the results of this study demonstrated that it is not possible withdrawal all premix vitamin of the diet. However, it may be possible to reduce vitamin supplements in finisher broiler diets without any negative effects on performance or meat quality during freezing.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Galinhas/fisiologia , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/química , Ração Animal/análise , Carne/análise , Hordeum/química , Triticum/química , Provitaminas/químicaRESUMO
The phytochemical profile of Melaleuca leucadendra L. leaf and fruit oils from Cuba was investigated by GC and GC/MS. Forty-one and sixty-four volatile compounds were identified and quantified, accounting for 99.2 and 99.5% of the leaf-oil and fruit-oil total composition, respectively. The main components were 1,8-cineol (43.0%), viridiflorol (24.2%), α-terpineol (7.0%), α-pinene (5.3%), and limonene (4.8%) in the leaf oil, and viridiflorol (47.6%), globulol (5.8%), guaiol (5.3%), and α-pinene (4.5%) in the fruit oil. The antioxidant capacity of these essential oils was determined by three different in vitro assays (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), and 2,2'-Azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation), and significant activities were evidenced for all of them.
Assuntos
Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Melaleuca/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Óleos de Plantas/química , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/isolamento & purificação , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Radicais Livres/química , Frutas/química , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Estrutura Molecular , Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Picratos/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Óleos de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/químicaRESUMO
While several studies have been conducted on the antioxidant properties of the beta-amino acid taurine, these studies all used concentrations lower than what is found physiologically. This study investigates the scavenging and antioxidant properties of physiological taurine concentrations against different reactive species. No reactivity between taurine and hydrogen peroxide was found; however, taurine exhibited significant scavenging potential against peroxyl radical, nitric oxide, and superoxide donors. This study also evaluated if taurine was able to minimize the in vitro CuZn-superoxide dismutase damage (SOD) induced by peroxynitrite. Taurine prevented both the formation of nitrotyrosine adducts and the decrease in SOD activity caused by peroxynitrite. In addition, taurine prevented the ex vivo damage caused by tert-butyl hydroperoxide in rat liver slices. These experimental data show that taurine, at different physiological concentrations efficiently scavenges many reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. This finding supports the hypothesis that the antioxidant properties of taurine may be critical for the maintenance of cellular functions, and it suggests a more important function of taurine that requires further investigation.