RESUMO
In this study, we reported the first outbreak of the infection by Trypanosoma vivax in horses in southern Brazil, a non-endemic region where bovines have only recently been found infected by this trypanosome species. We evaluated 12 horses from a farm in southern Brazil, where four horses displayed pale mucous membranes, fever, weight loss, and swelling of abdomen, prepuce, or vulva. The diagnosis of T. vivax was confirmed in four horses by morphological parameters of trypomastigotes in blood smears and species-specific PCR. All T. vivax-infected animals showed anemia, and most showed increased levels of beta-1, beta-2, and gamma globulins. Horses were treated with diminazene aceturate, but cure was not achieved, and the disease relapsed after therapy. These findings demonstrated that Brazilian T. vivax isolates, which were already reported infecting cattle, buffaloes, goats, and sheep, can be highly pathogenic for horses, causing severe disease and even death of the animals due to the recurrence of the infection.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/parasitologia , Cavalos/parasitologia , Trypanosoma vivax/isolamento & purificação , Tripanossomíase Africana/veterinária , Anemia/parasitologia , Anemia/patologia , Anemia/veterinária , Animais , Sangue/imunologia , Sangue/parasitologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/patologia , Soroglobulinas/análise , Soroglobulinas/imunologia , Tripanossomíase Africana/parasitologia , Tripanossomíase Africana/patologiaRESUMO
Para valorar la relación entre la enfermedad diarreica prolongada, el parasitismo intestinal y las alteraciones del sistema inmune se realizó un estudio a 325 niños, entre 8 meses y 6 años de edad, de la Consulta de Inmunología, entre enero de 1993 y junio de 1997; a éstos se les efectuó cuantificación de inmunoglobulinas séricas (IgG, IgA IgM) (n:157), la prueba cutánea de hipersensibilidad retardada con toxoide tetánico (n:60) y se midió el área tímica por ultrasonografía (n:108). De los pacientes con niveles bajos de inmunoglobulinas, el 77 porciento presentaba IgA deficiente. La prueba del toxoide tetánico demostró que el 85 porciento de los enfermos estudiados presentaban un déficit de inmunidad celular funcional y el 75 porciento del total de pacientes tenía área del timo disminuida y de ellos 42 (39 porciento) mostraban atrofia severa de este órgano. Esto nos permite concluir que el déficit de inmunidad celular en estos casos es predominante, lo que permitió el empleo de una inmunoterapia adecuada
Assuntos
Diarreia Infantil , Imunoterapia , Soroglobulinas/imunologia , Toxoide Tetânico/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The general thinking about the phylogenic distribution of vertebrate Ig classes is that fish and urodele amphibians are only able to synthesize polymeric IgM-like molecules and that the emergence of a new class of LMW Ig occurs for the first time in anouran species. Following immunization of the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum, Amphibia, Urodela) with TNP-SRBC, HMW anti-TNP antibody molecules are only detected. We have previously shown that these polymeric Ig are constituted of 76 kDa H-chains associated to 27-30 kDa L-chains, respectively recognized by MAbs 33.45.1 and 33.101.2. However, the euglobulin fraction purified from normal axolotl serum contains, beside HMW Ig, abundant 172 kDa molecules which are recognized by MAb 33.101.2 in Western blotting in non-reducing conditions but are not labelled with MAb 33.45.1. In the present work, we characterize this 172 kDa molecule as a LMW Ig which differs from the HMW Ig both at the level of the physicochemical and antigenic properties of their H-chain components. This new 11.9 S axolotl Ig presents some similarities with anouran IgY. The detection of IgY-like molecules in urodele amphibian extends the occurrence of at least two antigenically different H-chain isotypes to all the representative modern classes of the Tetrapoda superclass.