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Trichobezoars are an unusual pathology that appears generally in young adolescents associated with psychiatric disorders. The clinical presentation is very varied. The diagnosis is suspected by the clinical records of teen agers with trichophagia and trichotillomania and the digestive disorders are confirmed by the results of the endoscopy, the same as with images toward the therapeutic management. Undowbtly the treatment is surgical, and continuation with the psychiatric treatment is essential to avoid a recidival of the disease. Bezoar is a concretion formed in the alimentary tract, and according to the substances forming the ball, we find trichobezoar (foodball). The Rapunzel syndrome is an unusual complication of individual bezoar. When the trichobezoar located in the stomach extends through the pylorus into the small intestine and the right colon, is known as Rapunzel syndrome, that is an extremely rare gastric condition in humans. It is a rare form of trichobezoar, occurring in psychiatric patients with the trichobezoar (hairball) located in the stomach. The syndrome is named after the long haired girl Rapunzel in the fairy tale of the brothers Grimm. Most bezoars in teen agers are trichobezoars from swallowed hair. A 28-year-old patient is presented, with abdominal pain and vomiting, on the general physical examination the patient revealed a severe weight loss. Later on, through a gastrostomy, appeared the trichobezoar, being removed with good postsurgical resullts

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Abstract Amazonian fish assemblages are typically high in species diversity and trophic complexity. Stable isotopes are valuable tools to describe the trophic structure of such assemblages, providing useful information for conservation and ecological management. This study aimed at estimating the relative contribution of the different basal carbon sources to the diet of primary consumer fishes (herbivores and detritivores), and determining the trophic position (TP) of the dominant fishes from each trophic guild (herbivores, detritivores, invertivores and piscivores). For this purpose we analyzed stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in potential food sources, and muscle tissue of fishes in five oxbow lakes located in the floodplain of River Ichilo, Bolivia. Terrestrial plants and C3 aquatic macrophytes were the major carbon source contributing to the diet of herbivorous fishes, whereas particulate organic matter (POM) contributed more to the diet of detritivore fishes. In general, C4 aquatic macrophytes contributed little to the diet of herbivores and detritivores. However, we found a relatively high contribution of C4 macrophytes (28 %) to the diet of the herbivores Mylossoma duriventre and Schizodon fasciatus. We found a good agreement between our estimated TP values and the trophic group assigned based on diet composition from literature. The herbivore M. duriventre was at the bottom of the food web, being the baseline organism (TP = 2). The remaining primary consumers (herbivores and algivore/detritivores) exhibited relatively high TP values (2.3-2.9), probably due to their opportunistic feeding behavior. Omnivore/invertivore species studied displayed TP values near the 3.0 value expected for secondary consumers. Piscivore fishes were at the top TP, with TP values varying from 3.3 (Serrasalmus spilopleura and Serrasalmus rhombeus) to 3.8 (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum). The fact that detritivore fishes, the most abundant food source for piscivores, occupy relatively high TPs determines that food chains in these particular Amazonian floodplains are longer than previously thought. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(3): 1258-1271. Epub 2018 September 01.

Resumen Los ensamblajes de peces amazónicos presentan alta diversidad y complejidad trófica. La descripción de su estructura trófica proporciona información útil para su manejo. Con el fin de estimar la contribución de las fuentes básicas de carbono en la dieta de los consumidores primarios, y determinar la posición trófica (PT) de las especies dominantes de peces de cada gremio, analizamos isótopos estables de carbono (δ13C) y nitrógeno (δ15N) en las fuentes de carbono y en músculo de peces, de la llanura de inundación del río Ichilo. Las plantas terrestres y las macrófitas C3 fueron las mayores fuentes de carbono en la dieta de los peces herbívoros, mientras que la materia orgánica particulada contribuyó más a la dieta de los detritívoros. Las macrófitas C4 contribuyeron poco a la dieta de herbívoros y detritívoros, excepto para Mylossoma duriventre y Schizodon fasciatus, en las que encontramos una contribución relativamente alta (28 %). Encontramos una buena relación entre los valores estimados de PT y el gremio trófico asignado en la literatura. El herbívoro M. duriventre estuvo en la base de la red trófica (PT = 2). Los restantes consumidores primarios mostraron valores de PT relativamente altos (2.3 - 2.9), probablemente debido a sus hábitos alimenticios oportunistas. Las especies omnívoras/invertívoras mostraron valores cercanos a 3. Los peces piscívoros estuvieron en la cima de la red trófica, con PT que variaron entre 3.3 (Serrasalmus spilopleura y Serrasalmus rhombeus) y 3.8 (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum). Estos datos sugieren que las cadenas tróficas en llanuras de inundación amazónicas, son más largas de lo que se suponía.

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Na sociedade contemporânea o processo educacional assume uma posição fundamental para o desenvolvimento humano. O estudo das faltas e licenças médicas entre professores e pessoal de apoio escolar pode tornar-se referencial privilegiado para a compreensão do panorama das ações educativas voltadas aos jovens e crianças assistidos pelo sistema educacional. A Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo é composta por 91 diretorias de ensino que recebem 4,3 milhões de alunos e detém uma força de trabalho composta por mais de 250 mil servidores. Objetivos: Medir e comparar o absenteísmo no trabalho relacionado a motivos de saúde do quadro do magistério e do quadro de apoio escolar. Método: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico que utilizou em sua construção, dados secundários (universo), coletados a partir de licenças oficiais registradas, entre maio de 2008 e julho de 2009, por peritos do Departamento de Perícias Médicas do Estado - DPME e faltas médicas homologadas por gestores do Departamento de Recursos Humanos da SEE. Em um primeiro momento, descreve-se a magnitude média das taxas de faltas e de licenças médicas (ausências) do magistério e do pessoal de apoio, segundo coordenadorias de ensino. Em seguida, modelam-se as categorias segundo mês e local de trabalho por meio de equações lineares de Poisson. Resultados: Verificou-se que as ausências variam de acordo com o mês analisado entre 3,35 a 22,85 por cento dos servidores contratados; que a região periférica da metrópole paulistana é a que apresenta número superior de ausências em detrimento do interior e da capital (cerca de 5 por cento a mais); na maioria dos meses do ano, o quadro do magistério apresenta maior proporção de ausências (p< 000 I) que o quadro do apoio. Conclusão: Constatou-se que aproximadamente mais de 1/5 da força de trabalho contratada esteve ausente durante o período observado, sendo o mês considerado fator importante para a predição do afastamento das pessoas do trabalho...

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Life-history parameters of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), an important pest of bean crops in Colombia, were determined in environmental control chambers on two dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars (cv.). Trialeurodes vaporariorum longevity on cv. Chocho decreased as temperature increased from 22.6 d at 19 degrees C to 5.9 d at 26 degrees C. Fecundity was significantly lower at 19 degrees C (8.6 eggs/female), as compared to 22 degrees C (32.6 eggs/female) and 26 degrees C (33.3 eggs/female) on cv. Chocho. Fecundity on cv. ICA-Pijao was much higher (127.2 eggs/female) than on cv. Chocho (32.6 eggs/female) at 19 degrees C. The intrinsic rate of population increase (r m) was highest at 22 degrees C (0.061), intermediate at 19 degrees C (0.044) and lowest at 26 degrees C (0.035) on cv. Chocho, and was 0.072 on cv. ICA-Pijao at 19 degrees C. Life history parameters of T. vaporariorum are compared to those of one of its natural enemies, the parasitoid Amitus fuscipennis MacGown & Nebeker. Finally, data are presented on the distribution of the parasitoid related to the altitude for the Valle del Cauca, Colombia.

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Life-history parameters of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), an important pest of bean crops in Colombia, were determined in environmental control chambers on two dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars (cv.). Trialeurodes vaporariorum longevity on cv. Chocho decreased as temperature increased from 22.6 d at 19ºC to 5.9 d at 26ºC. Fecundity was significantly lower at 19ºC (8.6 eggs/female), as compared to 22ºC (32.6 eggs/female) and 26ºC (33.3 eggs/female) on cv. Chocho. Fecundity on cv. ICA-Pijao was much higher (127.2 eggs/female) than on cv. Chocho (32.6 eggs/female) at 19ºC. The intrinsic rate of population increase (r m) was highest at 22ºC (0.061), intermediate at 19ºC (0.044) and lowest at 26ºC (0.035) on cv. Chocho, and was 0.072 on cv. ICA-Pijao at 19ºC. Life history parameters of T. vaporariorum are compared to those of one of its natural enemies, the parasitoid Amitus fuscipennis MacGown & Nebeker. Finally, data are presented on the distribution of the parasitoid related to the altitude for the Valle del Cauca, Colombia.

Se determinaron los estadísticos vitales de la mosca blanca Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), una plaga importante del cultivo del fríjol en Colombia, en cámara ambiental en dos cultivares (cv.) de fríjol. La longevidad media de T. vaporariorum en el cv. Chocho fue mayor a 19ºC (22.6 d), intermedia a 22ºC (17.5 d) y menor a 26ºC (5.9 d). En el cv. ICA-Pijao la longevidad media fue de 35.5 d a 19ºC. La fecundidad media total fue 8.6, 32.6 y 33.3 huevos por hembra a 19, 22 y 26ºC, respectivamente en el cv. Chocho. La fecundidad en el cv ICA-Pijao fue mucho más alta, 127. 2 huevos por hembra, a 19ºC, que la del cv. Chocho. La tasa intrínseca de crecimiento poblacional (r m) fue más alta a 22ºC (0.061), intermedia a 19ºC (0.044) y más baja a 26ºC (0.035) en el cv. Chocho. Ella fue de 0.072 a 19ºC en el cv. ICA-Pijao. Se comparan los estadísticos vitales de T. vaporariorum con los de su enemigo natural, el parasitoide Amitus fuscipennis MacGown & Nebeker y se zonifica la distribución del parasitoide en el Valle del Cauca, Colombia.

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When for a successful fruit development the fertilization of flowers is necessary, bees can be used as crop-pollinators in greenhouses. In the present study, we investigated the effectiveness of the stingless bees Scaptotrigona aff. depilis Moure and Nannotrigona testaceicornis Lepeletier as pollinators of cucumber plants (Cucumus sativus var. caipira) in greenhouses during the Brazilian winter season. The study was conducted in four greenhouses (GH), of which two greenhouses contained bee colonies to ascertain pollination of the cucumber plants (GH I, with S. aff. depilis, GH II, with N. testaceicornis), whereas the other two greenhouses (GH III, GH IV) had no bee colonies and served as control groups. Furthermore, we planted cucumbers in an open field plot (OA) where pollination by any/various visiting insects could occur. Each of the experimental areas measured 87.5 m2. Without pollination (GH III, GH IV), the plants produced a low number of cucumbers, and the fruits were smaller and less heavy than in those experimental areas where pollination occurred. In the open field area, not protected against unfavorable climatic conditions, the plants produced fewer flowers than the plants in the greenhouses. The highest cucumber yield (with the highest amount of perfect fruits) was found in those greenhouses which housed the stingless bees as pollinators (GH I, GH II). Our results demonstrate that stingless bees can be successfully and efficiently used as pollinators of greenhouse cucumbers during the winter season.

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Quando a fertilização de flores é necessária para o desenvolvimento de frutos, abelhas podem ser utilizadas como polinizadores sob cultivo protegido. No presente estudo, a efetividade das abelhas sem ferrão Scaptotrigona aff. depilis Moure e Nannotrigona testaceicornis Lepeletier como polinizadoras de pepino (Cucumis sativus var. caipira) foi investigada sob cultivo protegido durante o inverno. O estudo foi conduzido em quatro casas de vegetação (GH), das quais duas continham colônias de abelhas para averiguar a polinização dos pepinos (GH I, com S. aff. depilis, GH II, com N. testaceicornis), e duas (GH III, GH IV) não continham colônias e serviram como grupos controle. Além disso, pepinos foram plantados numa área aberta (AO) onde polinização por vários insetos poderia ocorrer. Sem polinização (GH III, GH IV), as plantas produziram menor número de pepinos, e os frutos eram menores e menos pesados do que aqueles nas áreas experimentais onde a polinizacão ocorreu. Na área aberta, não protegida contra condições climáticas desfavoráveis, as plantas produziram menos flores do que as plantas nas casas de vegetação. A maior produção de pepinos (com a maior quantidade de frutos perfeitos) foi encontrada nas casas de vegetação com as abelhas como polinizadoras (GH I, GH II). Os resultados demonstraram que abelhas sem ferrão podem ser usadas com sucesso e eficiência como polinizadoras de pepinos sob cultivo protegido durante o inverno.

When for a successful fruit development the fertilization of flowers is necessary, bees can be used as crop-pollinators in greenhouses. In the present study, we investigated the effectiveness of the stingless bees Scaptotrigona aff. depilis Moure and Nannotrigona testaceicornis Lepeletier as pollinators of cucumber plants (Cucumus sativus var. caipira) in greenhouses during the Brazilian winter season. The study was conducted in four greenhouses (GH), of which two greenhouses contained bee colonies to ascertain pollination of the cucumber plants (GH I, with S. aff. depilis, GH II, with N. testaceicornis), whereas the other two greenhouses (GH III, GH IV) had no bee colonies and served as control groups. Furthermore, we planted cucumbers in an open field plot (OA) where pollination by any/various visiting insects could occur. Each of the experimental areas measured 87.5 m². Without pollination (GH III, GH IV), the plants produced a low number of cucumbers, and the fruits were smaller and less heavy than in those experimental areas where pollination occurred. In the open field area, not protected against unfavorable climatic conditions, the plants produced fewer flowers than the plants in the greenhouses. The highest cucumber yield (with the highest amount of perfect fruits) was found in those greenhouses which housed the stingless bees as pollinators (GH I, GH II). Our results demonstrate that stingless bees can be successfully and efficiently used as pollinators of greenhouse cucumbers during the winter season.

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El presente articulo es uno de los productos del proyecto de investigaciòn Polìticas Pùblicas para el manejo de los residuos sòlidos en el Valle de Aburrà realizado por el grupo de investigaciòn Deecho, Cultura y Ciudad de la facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de San Buenaventura, Seccional Medellìn. Su propòsito es plantear que la materializaciòn del derecho a un ambiente sano solo puede ser viable si se atiende la problemàtica ambiental desde un enfoque sistèmico y se utiliza, màs que la normatividad, la pedagogìa ambiental, pues solo con ella serà posible la consolidaciòn de nuevos valores y la transformaciòn de realidades en torno a la protecciòn del ambiente. Esto debido a que la apariciòn de problemas ambientales està ligada a la compleja interacciòn entre el hombre, la sociedad y la naturaleza y el estudio de dicha complejidad puede ser el punto de partida hacia la busqueda de estrategias adecuadas para alcanzar una relaciòn sostenible entre los sistemas naturales y los sistemas sociales. Para ello, la educaciòn se convierte en una herramienta indispensable en el proceso de formar actitudes y comportamientos a traves de los cuales los individuos y la colectividad cobran conciencia de su medio ambiente y construyen los conocimientos, los valores y las competencias necesarias para actuar articulados al sistema natural.

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The study had the objective of assessing the seasonality of Aedes albopictus and the impact of environmental factors on breeding sites in a protected urban area. Immature individuals were collected through fluid aspiration from nine tree holes, in the Ecological Park of Tietê in the city of São Paulo, Southern Brazil, from 2001 to 2002. The index of positivity and number of individuals results were as follows: positivity x precipitation (rho=0.69, p<0.001), positivity x temperature (rho=0.35, p<0.001), number of individuals x precipitation (rho=0.29, p<0.001) and number of individuals x temperature (rho=0.13, p<0.05). These correlations suggest rainfalls had greater impact than temperature.

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The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel, is mass reared for screwworm eradication initiatives that use the sterile insect technique. New methods for rearing have helped to reduce the cost of the eradication program. We examined the effect and interaction of three temperatures (24.5, 29.5 and 34.5°C), two diets (2 percent spray-dried blood plus 0.05 percent vitamins and corn syrup carrageenan) and three population densities (300, 400, and 500 flies/cage) on egg production, egg hatch, number of observable fertilized eggs, mortality (male and female) and ovarian development. The three population densities did not affect any of the parameters monitored. Using the protein diet increased egg production at all temperatures. Diet did not affect egg hatch or female mortality. Male mortality was significantly greater when fed the protein diet and reared at 24.5°C and 34.5°C. Egg hatch was significantly less when the flies were reared at 34.5°C. When exposed to high temperatures (37°C and 40°C) egg production, egg hatch, fertility and mortality were adversely affected. At the higher temperatures, yolk did not adequately form during oogenesis. When compared to the normal rearing photoperiod (12 L: 12 D), short photoperiod (1 L: 23 D) increased egg production, egg hatch and fertility but lowered mortality.

A mosca-da-bicheira, Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel, é criada em escala massal com o objetivo de fornecer insetos para programas para sua erradicação, através da técnica do inseto estéril. Novos métodos de criação têm auxiliado na redução dos custos desses programas de erradicação. Nós examinamos o efeito e a interação de três temperaturas (24,5, 29,5 e 34,5°C), duas dietas (carboidrato e carboidrato + proteína) e três densidades populacionais (300, 400 e 500 moscas/gaiola), na fecundidade eclosão de larvas, número de ovos fertilizados, mortalidade (macho e fêmea) e desenvolvimento dos ovários. As três densidades populacionais não afetaram nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. O uso da dieta protéica aumentou a produção de ovos em todas as temperaturas testadas. O tipo de dieta não afetou a eclosão de larvas e mortalidade de fêmeas. A mortalidade dos machos foi significativamente maior quando alimentados com a dieta protéica e criados a 24,5°C e 34,5°C. A eclosão de larvas foi significativamente menor quando as moscas foram criadas a 34,5°C. Nas temperaturas mais elevadas (37°C e 40°C), a produção de ovos, eclosão de larvas, fertilidade e mortalidade foram afetadas desfavoravelmente. Ainda nessas mesmas temperaturas, durante a oogênese, não houve a formação adequada do estoque de alimento para os embriões. O fotoperíodo curto (1L: 23E) propiciou maior produção de ovos, eclosão de larvas e fertilidade, e diminuiu a mortalidade quando comparado ao fotoperíodo padrão em criações (12L: 12E).

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The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel, is mass reared for screwworm eradication initiatives that use the sterile insect technique. New methods for rearing have helped to reduce the cost of the eradication program. We examined the effect and interaction of three temperatures (24.5, 29.5 and 34.5 degrees C), two diets (2% spray-dried blood plus 0.05% vitamins and corn syrup carrageenan) and three population densities (300, 400, and 500 flies/cage) on egg production, egg hatch, number of observable fertilized eggs, mortality (male and female) and ovarian development. The three population densities did not affect any of the parameters monitored. Using the protein diet increased egg production at all temperatures. Diet did not affect egg hatch or female mortality. Male mortality was significantly greater when fed the protein diet and reared at 24.5 degrees C and 34.5 degrees C. Egg hatch was significantly less when the flies were reared at 34.5 degrees C. When exposed to high temperatures (37 degrees C and 40 degrees C) egg production, egg hatch, fertility and mortality were adversely affected. At the higher temperatures, yolk did not adequately form during oogenesis. When compared to the normal rearing photoperiod (12 L:12 D), short photoperiod (1 L:23 D) increased egg production, egg hatch and fertility but lowered mortality.

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The removal of sodium chloride (NaCl) from human urine using a six-compartment electrodialysis cell with batch recirculation mode of operation for use in advanced life support systems (ALSS) was studied. From the results obtained, batch recirculation at constant applied voltage yields high values (approximately 94% of NaCl removal. Based on the results, the initial rate of NaCl removal was correlated to a power function of the applied voltage: -r=2.0 x 10(-4)E(3.8). With impedance spectroscopy methods, it was also found that the anion membranes were more affected by fouling with an increase of the ohmic resistance of almost 11% compared with 7.4% for the cationic ones.

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Subsurface-flow constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment and nutrient recycling have a number of advantages in planetary exploration scenarios: they are odorless, relatively low labor and low energy, assist in purification of water and recycling of atmospheric CO2, and can directly grow some food crops. This article presents calculations for integration of wetland wastewater treatment with a prototype ground-based experimental facility ("Mars on Earth") supporting four people showing that an area of 4-6 m2 may be sufficient to accomplish wastewater treatment and recycling. Discharge water from the wetland system can be used as irrigation water for the agricultural crop area, thus ensuring complete reclamation and utilization of nutrients within the bioregenerative life support system. Because the primary requirements for wetland treatment systems are warm temperatures and lighting, such bioregenerative systems can be integrated into space life support systems because heat from the lights may be used for temperature maintenance in the human living environment. Subsurface-flow wetlands can be modified for space habitats to lower space and mass requirements. Many of its construction requirements can eventually be met with use of in situ materials, such as gravel from the Mars surface. Because the technology does not depend on machinery and chemicals, and relies more on natural ecological mechanisms (microbial and plant metabolism), maintenance requirements (e.g., pumps, aerators, and chemicals) are minimized, and systems may have long operating lifetimes. Research needs include suitability of Martian soil and gravel for wetland systems, system sealing and liner options in a Mars base, and determination of wetland water quality efficiency under varying temperature and light regimes.

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Bioregenerative life support technologies for space application are advantageous if they can be constructed using locally available materials, and rely on renewable energy resources, lessening the need for launch and resupply of materials. These same characteristics are desirable in the global Earth environment because such technologies are more affordable by developing countries, and are more sustainable long-term since they utilize less non-renewable, imported resources. Subsurface flow wetlands (wastewater gardens(TM)) were developed and evaluated for wastewater recycling along the coast of Yucatan. Emergy evaluations, a measure of the environmental and human economic resource utilization, showed that compared to conventional sewage treatment, wetland wastewater treatment systems use far less imported and purchased materials. Wetland systems are also less energy-dependent, lessening dependence on electrical infrastructure, and require simpler maintenance since the system largely relies on the ecological action of microbes and plants for their efficacy. Detailed emergy evaluations showed that wetland systems use only about 15% the purchased emergy of conventional sewage systems, and that renewable resources contribute 60% of total emergy used (excluding the sewage itself) compared to less than 1% use of renewable resources in the high-tech systems. Applied on a larger scale for development in third world countries, wetland systems would require the electrical energy of conventional sewage treatment (package plants), and save of total capital and operating expenses over a 20-year timeframe. In addition, there are numerous secondary benefits from wetland systems including fiber/fodder/food from the wetland plants, creation of ecosystems of high biodiversity with animal habitat value, and aesthestic/landscape enhancement of the community. Wetland wastewater treatment is an exemplar of ecological engineering in that it creates an interface ecosystem to handle byproducts of the human economy, maximizing performance of the both the natural economy and natural ecosystems. Wetland systems accomplish this with far greater resource economy than other sewage treatment approaches, and thus offer benefits for both space and Earth applications.

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Results are presented from constructed wetland systems designed to treat wastewater in Akumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico, which was developed after prior experience with the Biosphere 2 closed ecological system wetland systems. These systems illustrate the congruity of needs in advanced life support systems and in solving social and environmental problems in developing countries. For sustainable food production for life support, closed ecological systems need to bioregenerate and recycle nutrient-rich wastewater. Developing countries need low-tech ecologically engineered systems that minimize requirements for capital, nonrenewable energy, and technical expertise. Biosphere 2's surface flow wetlands covered 41 m2 and treated the wastewater from eight inhabitants, laboratories, and domestic animals during the 1991-1993 closure experiment. The Mexican wetlands are subsurface flow wetlands using limestone gravel as substrate. Two wetland systems treat sewage from 40 people and cover 131 m2. During the initial year of operation, the wetlands in Akumal reduced BOD 86%, TSS 39%, total P 80%, total N 75%, and coliform bacteria 99.85%. Phosphorus uptake in the limestone gravel was around 6 mg/kg. High biodiversity, with 70 plant species, was maintained in the Akumal constructed wetlands 1.5 years after planting. The Shannon diversity index was 4.7 (base 2). Plant diversity was slightly less than tropical forest ecosystems of the region, but far greater than biodiversity in natural mangrove wetlands.

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The relatively large number of scientific publications on natural and constructed wetlands around the world is due to the importance these areas have as critical sites where biogeochemical cycling of elements is extensive on a global scale. The understanding of ecological functions and community structure is highly dependent on the knowledge of those cycles and their interactions. These studies are also relevant because natural or constructed wetlands are sites used worldwide to treat industrial and domestic effluents. This paper reports on a series of studies performed and in progress at the Jataí Ecological Station (Moji-Guaçu river, Luiz Antonio, SP, Brazil) with emphasis on the main biogeochemical properties of aquatic systems found there (lacustrine and riverine). Results obtained during the last 10 years within the scope of the Jataí Project with its various subprojects is just beginning to permit understanding the high complexity of these ecosystems.

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Three peanut cultivars, 'Florunner,' 'Georgia Red,' and 'New Mexico,' were grown in reach-in chambers to determine response to CO2 enrichment. CO2 treatments were ambient (400 micromol mol-1) and 700 micromol mol-1. Growth chamber conditions included 700 micromol m-2 s-1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), 28/22C, 7O% RH, and 12/12 h photoperiod. Growth media consisted of a 1:1 mixture (v/v) of vermiculite and sterilized sand. Six 10 L pots of each cultivar were fertilized three times per week with 250 mL of nutrient solution containing additional Ca (10 mM) and NO3 (25 mM) and watered well. Beginning 21 days after planting (DAP) and every three weeks thereafter up to 84 days, the second leaf from the growing axis (main stem) was detached to determine CO2 effect on leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA) and dry weight. Plants were harvested 97 DAP, at which time total leaf area, leaf number, plant and root weights and pod production data were taken. Numbers of pods per plant, pod fresh and dry weights, fibrous root and plant dry weights were higher for all cultivars grown at 700 micromol mol-1 than at ambient CO2. Also, leaf area for all cultivars was larger with CO2 enrichment than at ambient. SLA tended to decline with time regardless of CO2 treatment. Percentage of total sound mature kernels (%TSMK) was similar for both treatments. Plants grown at 700 micromol mol-1 CO2 had slightly more immature pods and seeds at final harvest.

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Se ha establecido que la quimioterapia es una terapia curativa sumamente agresiva que requiere de adiestramiento previo del personal responsable de su manejo, y de una adecuación de la planta fija o instalaciones que permitan aplicar las precausiones para evitar efectos indeseados en el personal de salud. Por esta razón el trabajo de investigación contiene lo siguiente: nivel de conocimiento, aplicación y precausiones que las deben tener cuando preparan y administran medicación quimioterapia y factores que interviene, en el personal de enfermería los aplique o no los aplique...

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