RESUMO
Nanoclays have potential applications in biomedicine raising the need to evaluate their toxicity in in vitro models as a first approach to its biocompatibility. In this study, in vitro toxicity of clinoptilolite and sepiolite nanoclays (NC) was analyzed in highly phagocytic cultures of amoebas and human and mice macrophages. While amebic viability was significantly affected only by sepiolite NC at concentrations higher than 0.1 mg/mL, the effect on macrophage cultures was dependent on the origin of the cells. Macrophages derived from human peripheral blood monocytes were less affected in viability (25% decrease at 48 h), followed by the RAW 264.7 cell line (40%), and finally, macrophages derived from mice bone marrow monocytes (98%). Moreover, the cell line and mice macrophages die mainly by necrosis, whereas human macrophages exhibit increased apoptosis. Cytokine expression analysis in media of sepiolite NC treated cultures showed a proinflammatory profile (INFγ, IL-1α, IL-8, and IL-6), in contrast with clinoptilolite NC that induced lees cytokines with concomitant production of IL-10. The results show that sepiolite NC is more toxic to amoebas and macrophages than clinoptilolite NC, mostly in a time and dose-dependent manner. However, the effect of sepiolite NC was comparable with talc powder suggesting that both NC have low cytotoxicity in vitro.
Assuntos
Silicatos de Alumínio/efeitos adversos , Silicatos de Magnésio/efeitos adversos , Zeolitas/efeitos adversos , Silicatos de Alumínio/uso terapêutico , Animais , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Argila , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Interleucina-10/biossíntese , Interleucina-6/biossíntese , Interleucina-8/biossíntese , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Silicatos de Magnésio/uso terapêutico , Camundongos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossíntese , Zeolitas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The inhabitants of the peruvian-bolivian plateau consume a natural substance known as "Chaco", widespread since pre-Columbian era and appreciated for its digestive properties. The Chaco is an edible medicinal clay that is used as slurry with water to restrain dyspeptic discomfort or acid-peptic manifestations. In this contribution we present physicochemical aspects of the composition of the Chaco, experimental animal studies that evaluate its antiulcer effect and in vitro test that studies the antacid property. The proposed mechanism of therapeutic action is due to a cytoprotective effect on the gastric mucosa by independent mechanisms of acid secretion inhibition, as it has no antacid property in vitro. Also it has an adsorptivity to different organic molecules due to their large surface area and tetrahedral charge that makes it to interact with polar substances such as water and toxins. The other purpose of this special contribution is to recognize the coexistence of "Traditional Medicine" and "Western Medicine", a situation which leads to the need for preclinical research of various natural resources.
Assuntos
Silicatos de Alumínio/farmacologia , Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Medicina Tradicional/métodos , Úlcera Péptica/terapia , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Silicatos de Alumínio/química , Silicatos de Alumínio/uso terapêutico , Animais , Argila , Humanos , Peru , Substâncias Protetoras/química , Substâncias Protetoras/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Solo/químicaRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary ochratoxin, in the presence or absence of aluminosilicate, on the histology of the bursa of Fabricius, liver and kidneys, and on the humoral immune response of broilers vaccinated against Newcastle disease virus. The exposure of birds to 2 p.p.m. ochratoxin, in the presence or absence of aluminosilicate, reduced their humoral immune response and the number of mitotic cells in the bursa. The relative weight of the livers of the birds exposed to this toxin was increased and, microscopically, there was hepatocyte vacuolation and megalocytosis with accompanying hyperplasia of the biliary epithelium. The kidneys showed hypertrophy of the renal proximal tubular epithelium, with thickening of the glomerular basement membrane. Aluminosilicate did not ameliorate the deleterious effects of the ochratoxin.
Assuntos
Silicatos de Alumínio/uso terapêutico , Galinhas/imunologia , Ocratoxinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Ocratoxinas/toxicidade , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/induzido quimicamente , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/imunologia , Animais , Bolsa de Fabricius/efeitos dos fármacos , Bolsa de Fabricius/imunologia , Bolsa de Fabricius/patologia , Contagem de Células , Interações Medicamentosas , Feminino , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/patologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Vírus da Doença de Newcastle/imunologia , Tamanho do Órgão , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/patologia , Vacinas Virais/imunologiaRESUMO
Se realiza una investigación en el Hospital Docente "Clodomira Acosta" durante el primer semestre del año 1990, que consta de 4 experimentos: la aplicación de zeolita en la prevención de la sepsis posoperatoria, en la cervicitis, en el tratamiento local de las heridas sépticas y en la cura del cordón umbilical en el recién nacido. Se concluye que el uso de la zeolita es efectivo en la prevención y el tratamiento de la sepsis posoperatoria, así como en el tratamiento de la cervicitis, sobre todo si se asocia con la electrofulguración. También es efectivo en la cura del cordón umbilical
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Silicatos de Alumínio/uso terapêutico , Cordão Umbilical , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/tratamento farmacológico , Cervicite Uterina/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Se realiza un estudio prospectivo de 4 340 pacientes operadas de diferentes afecciones ginecoobtétricas en el Hospital Docente "Clodomira Acosta" en el período comprendido entre enero de 1990 hasta diciembre de 1990. En la totalidad de las pacientes operadas se utilizó zeolita de forma profiláctica en el posoperatorio en aplicación directa sobre la lesión diariamente, teniendo un grupo con el tratamiento convencional. Se concluye que los resultados clínicos obtenidos con el empleo de la zeolita son superiores a los convencionales y que el tratamiento con zeolita se obtiene un número mayor de pacientes con remisión completa, además de que la zeolita permite ahorrar materiales de curación