RESUMO
In this work we analyzed protein expression in the Aedes aegypti midgut during the larval (fourth instar, L4), pupal, and adult stages [including newly emerged (NE), sugar-fed (SF) and blood-fed (BF) females]. Two-dimensional electrophoresis showed 13 spots in the midgut of larvae, 95 in the midgut of pupae, 90 in the midgut of NE, and 76 in the midgut of SF or BF females. In the larval midguts, high serpin expression was noted, while in the pupae, protein abundance was lower than in the NE, SF, and BF females. The spots related to proteins linked to energy production, protein metabolism, signaling, and transport were highly expressed in the NE stage, while spots related proteins involved in translation were abundant in SF and BF females. The differential abundance of proteins in the midgut of A. aegypti at different developmental stages supports the necessity for midgut development during immature stage followed by the necessity of proteins related to digestion in adults.
Assuntos
Aedes/embriologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/embriologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteômica , Aedes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Feminino , Larva/metabolismo , Transporte Proteico/fisiologia , Proteínas/genética , Proteínas/metabolismo , Pupa/metabolismo , Serpinas/biossíntese , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cryotherapy is a no invasive technique that uses intense cold to freeze and destroy cancer tissues. There are no descriptions of its effects over the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelium-derived factor. METHODS: Experimental study in cryogenic spot were applied in the right sclera of twelve pigs for ten minutes. Other 3 pigs were used as normal controls. Animals were sacrificed at 7, 14 and 21 and the tissues of choriodes and retina were dissected in areas of approximately 1 cm2 surrounding cryogenic spots. Expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelium-derived factor were determined analyzed using polymerase chain reaction coupled to reverse-transcription. RESULTS: Vascular endothelial growth factor was significantly downregulated (24%, p< 0.05) seven days post-treatment meanwhile pigment epithelium-derived factor levels increased 44.8% (p< 0.05) as compared to normal controls (untreated). Both vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelium-derived factor levels remain the same until day 14 but returned to basal expression at day 21. DISCUSSION: This work expose the relation of cryotherapy with the expression of two factors related to angiogenesis. RESULTS showed significant changes on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelium-derived factor illustrating that both proteins are regulated in response to cryogenic treatment in relatively short periods (21 days).
Antecedentes: la crioterapia es una técnica no invasiva que usa frio intenso para congelar y destruir los tejidos cancerosos. Sus efectos en la expresión del factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular y el factor derivado del epitelio pigmentado no se han descrito. Material y métodos: estudio experimental en modelos experimentales de crioterapia. En la esclera del ojo derecho de 12 cerdos se aplicó un punto de congelamiento durante 10 segundos. Se usaron 3 cerdos como controles normales. Los animales se sacrificaron a los 7, 14 y 21 días y el tejido de coroides y retina se seccionó en áreas de aproximadamente 1 cm2 circundantes al punto de congelamiento. Los niveles de expresión del factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular y factor derivado del epitelio pigmentado se determinaron y analizaron por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa acoplada a reverso-transcripción. Resultados: los niveles de factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular disminuyeron significativamente (24%, p < 0.05) a los 7 días postratamiento, mientras que la expresión del factor derivado del epitelio pigmentado aumentó 44.8% (p< 0.05) en comparación con los niveles de las muestras normales. Los niveles de expresión se mantuvieron hasta el día 14 y regresaron a valores basales en el día 21. Conclusiones: este trabajo expone la relación entre la crioterapia y la expresión de dos factores angiogénicos. Los resultados muestran cambios significativos en la expresión del factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular y factor derivado del epitelio pigmentado, y evidencian que ambas proteínas son reguladas en respuesta al tratamiento criogénico en periodos relativamente cortos (21 días).
Assuntos
Neovascularização de Coroide/genética , Crioterapia , Proteínas do Olho/biossíntese , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Fatores de Crescimento Neural/biossíntese , Neovascularização Retiniana/genética , Esclera/metabolismo , Serpinas/biossíntese , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/biossíntese , Animais , Apoptose , Corioide/metabolismo , Neovascularização de Coroide/etiologia , Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Proteínas do Olho/genética , Fatores de Crescimento Neural/genética , Retina/metabolismo , Neovascularização Retiniana/etiologia , Serpinas/genética , Sus scrofa , Suínos , Fatores de Tempo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prolonged exposure of the lip to sunlight may cause actinic cheilitis (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Maspin is a serpin with tumor suppressor functions. This work analyzed the presence and distribution of maspin in AC and lip SCC. METHODS: Sections from 36 cases diagnosed as AC (18 cases with mild epithelial dysplasia, 11 with moderate and 7 with severe), 18 cases diagnosed as lip SCC and 7 specimens containing normal lip vermillion epithelium were submitted for immunohistochemical analysis to detect maspin. RESULTS: All AC cases with mild and two cases with moderate dysplasia were scored 3. The remaining nine cases with moderate dysplasia were identified as score 2, whereas all cases with severe dysplasia were scored 1. Positive staining for maspin decreased from the basal layer to the surface. Among the 18 lip SCCs studied, 15 cases showed abundant staining for maspin. Epithelium adjacent to the SCCs also showed intense positive staining in all cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the loss of maspin expression occurs from the basal layer to the surface. Lip SCCs related to solar radiation show an intense presence of maspin protein in almost all tumor cells as well as the neighboring epithelium.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Labiais/metabolismo , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/metabolismo , Serpinas/biossíntese , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Epitélio/patologia , Epitélio/efeitos da radiação , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias Labiais/genética , Neoplasias Labiais/patologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/genética , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologia , Luz Solar/efeitos adversosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Maspin inhibits cell motility, invasion and metastasis. Loss or reduction in maspin expression has been associated with tumoral progression. METHODS: The presence of maspin was studied immunohistochemically in salivary gland tumours presenting cells with myoepithelial differentiation in their composition, and in normal salivary gland. RESULTS: Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) presented high expression of maspin, except in the spindle cells and occasional luminal cells. Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma and tubular adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) showed intense expression in all cells. Cribriform ACC evidenced only few positive cells of the luminal type, while solid subtype showed rare positive cells. Normal salivary gland tissue has shown low levels of maspin positivity. CONCLUSIONS: Maspin has small participation in normal salivary gland, is increased in PA, and decreases as the histological malignancy raises. Hence, in salivary gland, its expression is not exclusive of myoepithelial cells; thus, it should not be used as a marker for this cell. Nevertheless, we believe it is an important marker of biological behaviour in these tumours.