RESUMO
Pain is recognized as one of the main symptoms in knee osteoarthritis and is the main reason why patients seek medical attention. Scoparia dulcis has been popularly used to relieve discomfort caused by various painful conditions. The objective of the study is to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of the crude extract of S. dulcis, in an experimental model of osteoarthritis. The experiment was performed with Wistar rats divided into 4 groups with 5 animals each: healthy, saline, crude extract, and meloxicam groups. Knee osteoarthritis was induced by intra-articular injection of sodium mono-iodoacetate. First, clinical parameters of pain were assessed at days 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 after induction. Second, the potential cyclooxygenase inhibition was evaluated, and the cytokines of the synovial fluid were quantified. An in silico test and Molecular Docking tests were performed. A histopathological evaluation was made on articular cartilage with safranin O staining. The results showed that a 15-day treatment with crude extract reduced edema, spontaneous pain, peripheral nociceptive activity, and proinflammatory cytokines in the synovial fluid. The highest inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 in the crude extract occurred at 50 µg/mL. The crude extract of S. dulcis presents therapeutic potential for the treatment of osteoarthritis due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive action.
Assuntos
Osteoartrite do Joelho/tratamento farmacológico , Osteoartrite do Joelho/patologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Scoparia/química , Animais , Biomarcadores , Cartilagem Articular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cartilagem Articular/patologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Citocinas/metabolismo , Camundongos , Osteoartrite do Joelho/etiologia , Osteoartrite do Joelho/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/química , Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintases/genética , Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintases/metabolismo , Ratos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por ElectrosprayRESUMO
Diabetes é uma doença metabólica que ocorre devido à destruição das células pancreáticas ou falha na ação/secreção de insulina, causando hiperglicemia e outras complicações. O uso terapêutico de plantas representa prática antiga, em geral, de baixo custo e acessível. Este trabalho analisa os objetivos e conclusões de estudos sobre nove plantas medicinais usadas na terapia do diabetes, no estado de Mato Grosso. Os estudos foram recuperados na internet, por meio das ferramentas do Google Acadêmico, utilizando-se quatro modalidades de buscas e o nome científico das plantas, com cinco variantes da palavra diabetes. Dessas buscas foram aproveitados 208 artigos, que foram lançados em planilha de Excel e analisados em programa estatístico apropriado. As abordagens predominantes foram as que citam a aplicação da planta para diabetes (31,8%) e efeito glicemiante (16,4%). Para 111 estudos com bioatividade detectada, 108 foram favoráveis e 3 não favoráveis à terapia do diabetes. Nas espécies Sambucus australis Cham. & Schltdl e Vitex cymosa Bertero ex Spreng houve constatação de uso popular para a diabetes; para Sambucus nigra L. verificou-se a potencialização da insulina; para Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze, houve efeito na cicatrização de feridas e, para as espécies: Cecropia pachystachya Trécul, Eryngium foetidum L., Scoparia dulcis L. e Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni houve constatação de efeito hipoglicemiante.(AU)
Diabetes is a metabolic disease which occurs due to destruction of pancreatic cells, or failure in the action/insulin secretion, causing hyperglycemia and other complications. The therapeutic use of medicinal plants represents an old practice and generally is inexpensive and accessible. The study reveals the objectives and conclusions of studies on nine plants used in Mato Grosso applied in diabetes therapy. Data were retrieved on the Internet, through Google Scholar, using four search modes, scientific name of plants with five variants of the word diabetes. From these searches, there were intended for 208 articles, released in Excel and their analysis on appropriate statistical program. The prevalent approach was mentioning application of the plant for diabetes (31.8%) and glicemiante effect (16.4%). To 111 studies with bioactivity detected, 108 were favorable and 3 non-favorable to diabetes therapy. In Sambucus australis Cham. & Schltdl and Vitex cymosa Bertero ex Spreng species were popular use of observation for diabetes; Sambucus nigra L. found insulin potentiation; with Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze, there was no effect on wound healing and for species: Cecropia pachystachya Trécul, Eryngium foetidum L., Scoparia dulcis L. and Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni was hypoglycemic effect of observation.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Brasil , Scoparia/química , Stevia/químicaRESUMO
The mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of triterpene betulinic acid {3b-3-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic} isolated from the roots of Scoparia dulcis (Scrophulariaceae) were analyzed using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in the wings of Drosophila melanogaster. The mutagenic potential of betulinic acid was evaluated at 3 different concentrations (1.64, 3.28, and 6.57 mM). Antimutagenic activity evaluation was performed by co-treatment trials in which the flies received betulinic acid at 3 different concentrations in addition to 10 mM pro-mutagenic urethane. The results demonstrated that betulinic acid was not capable of causing DNA damage. However, the frequency of small single spots, large spots, and twin spots was significantly reduced. In the high bioactivation cross, betulinic acid was significantly active and exerted enhanced antimutagenic activity, possibly as a desmutagen.
Assuntos
Antimutagênicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Scoparia/química , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Animais , Antimutagênicos/química , Drosophila melanogaster/efeitos dos fármacos , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Feminino , Masculino , Testes de Mutagenicidade/métodos , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Triterpenos/química , Ácido BetulínicoRESUMO
In interviews on the traditional herbal medicines of Tupi-Guarany Indians at the herbal market of Asuncion and questionnaire from their users, it was clarified that various useful medicinal plants are available in Paraguay and most of them are generally used without drying. In the search for bioactive substances from those plants, a ß-glucuronidase-inhibitory diterpene called scoparic acid A (SA) was isolated from Scoparia dulcis L. together with scoparic acid B, scoparic acid C, and the aphidicolin-like tetracyclic diterpenes scopadulcic acid A (SDA) and scopadulcic acid B (SDB). HPLC analysis of diterpenes in the individual plants of Paraguayan and Asian S. dulcis revealed the presence of three chemotypes based on major component, i.e., SA type, SDB type, and SDX type containing mainly scopadiol and scopadulciol (SDC). SA and SDB were elucidated to be mainly biosynthesized in the leaves via 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol- 4-phosphate pathway, and a leaf organ culture system containing methyl jasmonate 10 µM was found to enhance the production of diterpenes by activation of Ca-signal transduction systems such as calmodulin and protein kinase C. On the other hand, SDB and SDC were found to show multifaceted pharmacological effects such as inhibitory effects on gastric acid excretion, bone resorption, replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), etc. In addition, SDC was suggested to be applicable to cancer gene therapy using ganciclovir or acyclovir and the HSV-1 thymidine kinase gene called the suicide gene.
Assuntos
Diterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Diterpenos/uso terapêutico , Medicina Tradicional , Scoparia/química , Abietanos/isolamento & purificação , Abietanos/farmacologia , Abietanos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Reabsorção Óssea/tratamento farmacológico , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Ácido Gástrico/metabolismo , Genes Transgênicos Suicidas , Terapia Genética , Herpesvirus Humano 1/enzimologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/fisiologia , Humanos , Neoplasias/terapia , Paraguai , Fitoterapia , Ratos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Timidina Quinase/genética , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Essential oils, biosynthesized and accumulated in aromatic plants, have a wide range of applications in the pharmaceutical health, cosmetics, food and agricultural industry. This study aimed to analyze the secondary metabolites in some plant species in order to contribute to their chemotaxonomy. Leaves from Helicteres guazumifolia, Piper tuberculatum, Scoparia dulcis and Solanum subinerme were collected and their essential oils were obtained by means of hydro-distillation. The oil fraction was analyzed and identified by GC/MS. The extraction yields were of 0.004, 0.032, 0.016 and 0.005%, and the oil constituents of 88.00, 89.80, 87.50 and 89.47%, respectively. The principal oils found were: non-terpenoids volatile secondary metabolites (30.28%) in H. guazumifolia; sesquiterpenoids (20.82 and 26.09%) and oxigen derivated (52.19 and 25.18%) in P. tuberculatum and S. dulcis; and oxigen diterpenoids (39.67%) in S. subinerme. The diisobuthylphtalate (13.11%) in H. guazumifolia, (-)-spathulenol (11.37%) in P. tuberculatum and trans-phytol (8.29 and 36.00%) in S. dulcis and S. subinerme, were the principal constituents in their respective essential oils. The diisooctylphtalate were the essential oil common to all species, but the volatile compounds such as trans-pinane, L-linalool, beta-ionone, isophytol, neophytadiene, trans-phytol, dibutylphtalate and methyl hexadecanoate, were only detected in three of these essences. This suggests that these plants may require similar secondary metabolites for their ecological interactions, possibly due to common environmental factors.
Assuntos
Malvaceae/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Piper/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Óleos de Plantas/química , Scoparia/química , Solanum/química , Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Óleos de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , VenezuelaRESUMO
Chemical composition of essential oils from leaves of Helicteres guazumifolia (Sterculiaceae), Piper tuberculatum (Piperaceae), Scoparia dulcis (Arecaceae) and Solanum subinerme (Solanaceae) from Sucre, Venezuela. Essential oils, biosynthesized and accumulated in aromatic plants, have a wide range of applications in the pharmaceutical health, cosmetics, food and agricultural industry. This study aimed to analyze the secondary metabolites in some plant species in order to contribute to their chemotaxonomy. Leaves from Helicteres guazumifolia, Piper tuberculatum, Scoparia dulcis and Solanum subinerme were collected and their essential oils were obtained by means of hydro-distillation. The oil fraction was analyzed and identified by GC/MS. The extraction yields were of 0.004, 0.032, 0.016 and 0.005%, and the oil constituents of 88.00, 89.80, 87.50 and 89.47%, respectively. The principal oils found were: non-terpenoids volatile secondary metabolites (30.28%) in H. guazumifolia; sesquiterpenoids (20.82 and 26.09%) and oxigen derivated (52.19 and 25.18%) in P. tuberculatum and S. dulcis; and oxigen diterpenoids (39.67%) in S. subinerme. The diisobuthylphtalate (13.11 %) in H. guazumifolia, (-)-spathulenol (11.37%) in P. tuberculatum and trans-phytol (8.29 and 36.00%) in S. dulcis and S. subinerme, were the principal constituents in their respective essential oils. The diisooctylphtalate were the essential oil common to all species, but the volatile compounds such as trans-pinane, L-linalool, β-ionone, isophytol, neophytadiene, trans-phytol, dibutylphtalate and methyl hexadecanoate, were only detected in three of these essences. This suggests that these plants may require similar secondary metabolites for their ecological interactions, possibly due to common environmental factors. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (2): 585-595. Epub 2011 June 01.
Los aceites esenciales son biosintetizados por plantas aromáticas y pueden obtenerse de cualquier órgano de la misma, tienen gran aplicación en la industria farmacéutica, sanitaria, cosmética, agrícola y de alimentos. Los aceites esenciales de las hojas de las plantas Helicteres guazumifolia, Piper tuberculatum, Scoparia dulcis y Solanum subinerme fueron obtenidos mediante hidrodestilación con rendimientos de 0.004, 0.032, 0.016 y 0.005%, respectivamente. La CG/EM permitió identificar la mayoría de los constituyentes de estos aceites esenciales (88.00, 89.80, 87.50 y 89.47%, respectivamente), encontrándose en mayor proporción metabolitos no volátiles de estructura no terpenoidal en H. guazumifolia (30.28%), sesquiterpenoides oxigenados en P. tuberculatum (52.19%), sesquiterpenos en S. dulcis (26.09%) y derivados oxigenados de diterpenos en S. subinerme (39.67%). Los constituyentes mayoritarios fueron el diisobutilftalato (13.11%) en H. guazumifolia, (-)-espatulenol (11.37%) en P. tuberculatum y el trans-fitol (8.29 y 36.00%) para S. dulcis y S. subinerme, respectivamente. El diisooctilftalato fue el constituyente común en los aceites esenciales de todas las especies y los compuestos volátiles trans-pinano, L-linalool, β-ionona, isofitol, neofitadieno, trans-fitol, dibutilftalato y hexadecanoato de metilo, fueron detectados en tres de estas esencias. Esto sugiere que dichas plantas pueden requerir metabolitos secundarios similares para su interacción ecológica, posiblemente debido a factores ambientales comunes.
Assuntos
Óleos Voláteis/química , Piper/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Óleos de Plantas/química , Scoparia/química , Solanum/química , Malvaceae/química , Óleos Voláteis/isolamento & purificação , Óleos de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , VenezuelaRESUMO
The freeze-dried aqueous extract (AE) from the aerial parts of Scoparia dulcis was tested for its effects on experimental gastric hypersecretion and ulcer in rodents. Administration of AE to animals with 4h pylorus ligature potently reduced the gastric secretion with ED(50)s of 195 mg/kg (rats) and 306 mg/kg (mice). The AE also inhibited the histamine- or bethanechol-stimulated gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated mice with similar potency suggesting inhibition of the proton pump. Bio-guided purification of the AE yielded a flavonoid-rich fraction (BuF), with a specific activity 4-8 times higher than the AE in the pylorus ligature model. BuF also inhibited the hydrolysis of ATP by H(+),K(+)-ATPase with an IC(50) of 500 microg/ml, indicating that the inhibition of gastric acid secretion of Scoparia dulcis is related to the inhibition of the proton pump. Furthermore, the AE inhibited the establishment of acute gastric lesions induced in rats by indomethacin (ED(50)=313 mg/kg, p.o.) and ethanol (ED(50)=490 mg/kg, p.o.). No influence of the AE on gastrointestinal transit allowed discarding a possible CNS or a cholinergic interaction in the inhibition of gastric secretion by the AE. Collectively, the present data pharmacologically validates the popular use of Scoparia dulcis in gastric disturbances.