Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Sarcopenia/classificação , Fragilidade , Envelhecimento , Geriatria/tendênciasRESUMO
This paper presents a study based on data analysis of the sarcopenia level in older adults. Sarcopenia is a prevalent pathology in adults of around 50 years of age, whereby the muscle mass decreases by 1 to 2% a year, and muscle strength experiences an annual decrease of 1.5% between 50 and 60 years of age, subsequently increasing by 3% each year. The World Health Organisation estimates that 5-13% of individuals of between 60 and 70 years of age and 11-50% of persons of 80 years of age or over have sarcopenia. This study was conducted with 166 patients and 99 variables. Demographic data was compiled including age, gender, place of residence, schooling, marital status, level of education, income, profession, and financial support from the State of Baja California, and biochemical parameters such as glycemia, cholesterolemia, and triglyceridemia were determined. A total of 166 patients took part in the study, with an average age of 77.24 years. The purpose of the study was to provide an automatic classifier of sarcopenia level in older adults using artificial intelligence in addition to identifying the weight of each variable used in the study. We used machine learning techniques in this work, in which 10 classifiers were employed to assess the variables and determine which would provide the best results, namely, Nearest Neighbors (3), Linear SVM (Support Vector Machines) (C = 0.025), RBF (Radial Basis Function) SVM (gamma = 2, C = 1), Gaussian Process (RBF (1.0)), Decision Tree (max_depth = 3), Random Forest (max_depth=3, n_estimators = 10), MPL (Multilayer Perceptron) (alpha = 1), AdaBoost, Gaussian Naive Bayes, and QDA (Quadratic Discriminant Analysis). Feature selection determined by the mean for the variable ranking suggests that Age, Systolic Arterial Hypertension (HAS), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Number of chronic diseases (ECNumber), and Sodium are the five most important variables in determining the sarcopenia level, and are thus of great importance prior to establishing any treatment or preventive measure. Analysis of the relationships existing between the presence of the variables and classifiers used in moderate and severe sarcopenia revealed that the sarcopenia level using the RBF SVM classifier with Age, HAS, MNA, ECNumber, and Sodium variables has 82'5 accuracy, a 90'2 F1, and 82'8 precision.
Assuntos
Hospitais Gerais , Sarcopenia/classificação , Adulto , Idoso , Teorema de Bayes , Árvores de Decisões , Análise Discriminante , Feminino , Humanos , Aprendizado de Máquina , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Redes Neurais de Computação , Máquina de Vetores de SuporteRESUMO
Sarcopenia is defined as a multifactor syndrome that induces age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass. The causes of sarcopenia include altered endocrine function, inflammation, disuse, insulin resistance, chronic diseases, and protein-energy deficiency. Different strategies are under investigation to counteract this loss and promote muscle anabolism in the elderly population, including increased intake of protein and amino acids. Objective: The purpose of present review is to compare and analyze studies related to muscle preservation or gain and the supplementation of whey or soy protein isolates in elderly healthy subjects. Data source: The present review analyzed original articles published in English between 2005 and 2013 tracked by the following key words: whey protein, soy protein, aging, elderly, supplementation, sarcopenia, and muscle wasting. Data synthesis: The content of essential amino acids in milk proteins has been described to be significantly higher than in soy proteins. Soy protein supplementation causeshigher liver deamination and nitrogen retention in the splanchnic tissue, causing weaker synthesis signaling in the muscle tissue. Conclusion: Supplementation with protein and amino acids may be beneficial; however, more studies are needed to establish proper type, dose and distribution, and to quantify improvement in the muscle function and quality of life in the elderly population.
A sarcopenia é uma síndrome complexa, relativa à idade e, em última instância, resulta em perda de massa muscular. Suas causas são multifatoriais e podem incluir alterações endócrinas, inflamações, desuso, resistência à insulina, doenças crônicas e deficiências nutricionais, em especial deficiência proteico-calórica. Diversas estratégias têm sido propostas a fim de preservar ou promover ganho de massa muscular do idoso, comoaumento da ingestão de proteína, aminoácidos essenciais associadas ou não à prática regular de exercício físico. Objetivo: A presente revisão tem como objetivo analisar estudos com a suplementação de proteína derivada da soja ou do leite, com relação ao ganho de massa muscular em idosos saudáveis. Fonte de dados: Foram utilizados artigos originais em inglês, realizados entre os anos 2005 e 2013. O critério para seleção dos artigos foram as palavras-chave: whey protein, soy protein, aging, elderly, supplementation,sarcopenia, muscle wasting. Síntese dos dados: A quantidade de aminoácidos essenciais encontrada na proteína derivada do leite é maior que na proteína derivada da soja. A desaminação de aminoácidos pelo fígado e retenção de nitrogênio no pool de aminoácidos esplâncnicos é maior com a suplementação de proteína de soja, causando assim menorsinalização anabólica no músculo esquelético. Conclusão: A suplementação de proteína e aminoácidos parece ser benéfica, porém mais estudos são necessários a fim de se estabelecer o melhor tipo, dose e distribuição, além de quantificar a real melhora na qualidade de vida de idosos sarcopênicos.