RESUMO
RESUMEN: La enfermedad diarreica aguda infantil (EDAI), constituye un problema de salud pública, representando la 2ª causa de morbimortalidad infantil en menores de 5 años, en el Ecuador. La hidratación oral y parenteral en los niños hospitalizados bajo normas de administración de conformidad con el grado de deshidratación y pérdida de peso, así como medidas preventivas como la vacunación obligatoria contra el rotavirus, han contribuido a disminuir, pero no a solucionar este problema de salud infantil. Múltiples factores contribuyen para que no se resuelva: socioeconómicos, educacionales, el destete temprano y malas prácticas alimenticias, entre otros. Últimos estudios han propuesto la utilización de probióticos que contribuyan a disminuir el problema sugieriendo el usode Saccharomyces boulardii (SB), asociado a un prebiótico; lo que permitiría acortar el tiempo de tratamiento de una EDAI; por lo que la simbiosis entre SB y un prebiótico denominado fructooligosacárido (FOS), podría ser una alternativa para reducir costos y complicaciones. Una alternativa para medir el curso clínico de una EDAI en infantes es la escala BITTS, de reciente creación y fácil aplicación por clínicos. El objetivo de este manuscrito fue resumir la evidencia existente respecto del rol de losprobióticos y prebióticos en la terapéutica de de la EDAI.
SUMMARY: In Ecuador childhood acute diarrheal disease (CADD) constitutes a serious public health problem, representing the 2nd cause of infant morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years of age. Oral and parenteral hydration in hospitalized children, with standard treatments according to their degree of dehydration and weight loss, as well as preventive measures such as mandatory vaccination against rotavirus, have contributed to a decrease. Nevertheless, this childhood disease has still not been resolved. There are multiple contributing factors involved that prevent complete eradication of the disease Among these are socio-economic problems, education, early weaning and poor feeding practices, all of which continue to affect infants. Recent studies have proposed the use of probiotics that help reduce the problem and it has been suggested that Saccharomyces boulardii (SB), associated with a prebiotic, would reduce the treatment time of an CADD. Therefore, the symbiosis between the SB probiotic and a prebiotic called fructo- oligosaccharide (FOS) could be an alternative to reduce complications and reduce costs. An alternative to measure the clinical course of an CADD in infants is the BITTS scale, which was recently created and can easily be applied by clinicians. The aim of this manuscript was to summarize the existing evidence regarding the role of PROBIOTICS and prebiotics in the treatment of CADD.
Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Diarreia Infantil/prevenção & controle , Prebióticos/administração & dosagem , Saccharomyces boulardii/fisiologia , Doença Aguda , Desidratação/terapia , Diarreia Infantil/complicações , Diarreia Infantil/diagnóstico , Equador , Fezes , Microbioma GastrointestinalRESUMO
AIMS: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii with or without metronidazole in experimental giardiasis. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effect of treatment with S. boulardii with or without metronidazole on the intestinal mucosa, the antioxidant defence system and the parasitic load was determined in experimental giardiasis. Eight groups of animals with infection and/or treatment with the probiotic and/or drugs for 1 week after infection with Giardia lamblia were used. A reduction of approximately 90% in the parasitic load was observed in all the treated groups. Saccharomyces boulardii attenuated the damage caused by infection in the intestinal mucosa preserving its architecture and inhibiting the oxidative stress induced by parasite and metronidazole. CONCLUSIONS: Saccharomyces boulardii was effective alone or in combination with metronidazole in resolving already established G. lamblia infection. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These results suggest the use of S. boulardii as an alternative treatment for giardiasis mainly in cases of resistance or intolerance to conventional treatment.
Assuntos
Antiprotozoários/uso terapêutico , Giardíase/tratamento farmacológico , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Saccharomyces boulardii/fisiologia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Gerbillinae , Giardia lamblia/efeitos dos fármacos , Giardíase/parasitologia , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/parasitologia , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Carga Parasitária , Probióticos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Conventional therapy for H. pylori infection includes the combination of antibiotics and a proton-pump inhibitor. Addition of probiotics as adjuvants for H. pylori antibiotic treatment can increase eradication rate and decrease treatment side effects. Although many studies show the benefits of S. boulardii CNCM I-745 in the treatment of H. pylori infection, the mechanism by which those benefits are achieved is unknown. Here, we report clinical characteristics and fecal microbiota changes comparing conventional anti-H. pylori therapy versus conventional therapy supplemented with S. boulardii CNCM I-745. A total of 74 patients were included in the current study; patients positive for H. pylori (n = 63) were randomly assigned to 2 groups: 34 patients received conventional therapy and 29 antibiotic therapy plus 750 mg of S. boulardii CNCM I-745 daily, for 2 weeks. Eleven patients negative for H. pylori infection were also studied. Patients provided 3 fecal samples: before initiating the antibiotic treatment, upon its completion, and 1 month after treatment. Patients were contacted every 72 h to inquire about side effects and compliance. DNA was extracted, and 16S rRNA was amplified and sequenced on Illumina MiSeq. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using QIIME2. Patients who received the probiotic had a significantly lower frequency of associated gastrointestinal symptoms (P = 0.028); higher number of bacterial diversity evenness (P = 0.0156); higher abundance of Enterobacteria; and lower abundance of Bacteroides and Clostridia upon treatment completion. Addition of S. boulardii CNCM I-745 induced a lower frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms that could be related to changes in gut microbiota.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Infecções por Helicobacter/terapia , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Saccharomyces boulardii/fisiologia , Adulto , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The previous reports have established a strong link between diet, lifestyle, and gut microbiota population with the onset of the colorectal cancer (CRC). Administration of probiotics has become a particular interest in prevention and treatment of CRC. As potential dietary complements, probiotics might be able to lower the risk of CRC and manage the safety of traditional cancer therapies such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. This review investigates the promising effects of probiotics as biotherapeutics, with due attention to possible clinical application of yeast probiotics in prevention and treatment of CRC. In addition, various underlying anti-cancer mechanisms are covered here based on scientific evidence and findings from numerous experimental studies. Application of probiotics as biotherapeutics in CRC, however, needs to be approved by human clinical trials. It is of prime concern, to find potential probiotic strains, effective doses for administrations and regimes, and molecular mechanisms involved in prevention and treatment.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais/prevenção & controle , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Leveduras , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Neoplasias Colorretais/etiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/terapia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Progressão da Doença , Ácido Fólico/biossíntese , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/fisiologia , Probióticos/efeitos adversos , Saccharomyces boulardii/fisiologia , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais , Leveduras/fisiologia , beta-Glucanas/metabolismoRESUMO
While many bacteria have been used as probiotics by industries, only two yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii and Kluyveromyces fragilis (B0399), have been used for this purpose. In the present work, a total of 116 yeasts isolated from Brazilian indigenous fermented food, cocoa fermentation, and kefir were in vitro characterized for probiotic attributes. From 116 isolates, 36 were tolerant to gastrointestinal conditions evaluated by tolerance to pH 2.0, bile salts (0.3% w/v), and 37 °C temperature. From those, 15 isolates showed a similar or higher percentage (P < 0.05) of hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, and coaggregation with E. coli than the reference strain S. boulardii. All these strains showed a high percentage of adhesion to Caco-2 cells (> 63%) and antioxidant activity (ranging from 18 to 62%). Phytate hydrolysis was evaluated for these yeasts and 13 strains showed positive results, which is important for nutrient availability in plant-based foods. These results are important insights for characterization of novel probiotic yeast strains as well as to aggregate functional value to these food products.
Assuntos
6-Fitase/metabolismo , Alimentos Fermentados/microbiologia , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Kluyveromyces , Probióticos , Saccharomyces boulardii , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Células CACO-2 , Escherichia coli , Humanos , Kluyveromyces/isolamento & purificação , Kluyveromyces/fisiologia , Probióticos/isolamento & purificação , Saccharomyces boulardii/isolamento & purificação , Saccharomyces boulardii/fisiologiaRESUMO
Probiotics have shown promising results as a potential method to control toxocariasis in mice inoculated with embryonated eggs of Toxocara canis. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Saccharomyces boulardii in mice fed in natura chicken livers infected with T. canis. Twenty 15-day-old male Sussex chickens were inoculated with 300 T. canis embryonated eggs via intragastric catheter (GI). After 72 h of infection, each liver was collected and individually offered to a group of 20 mice. Mice that received supplemented ration with S. boulardii (1.107 colony forming units) and consumed in natura chicken liver showed reduction in infection intensity of 67.1%. This study demonstrated that administration of S. boulardii has potential as a probiotic to assist in controlling visceral toxocariasis caused by the consumption of viscera from paratenic hosts containing infective parasite larvae.
Assuntos
Probióticos , Saccharomyces boulardii/fisiologia , Toxocaríase/microbiologia , Toxocaríase/parasitologia , Animais , Galinhas/microbiologia , Galinhas/parasitologia , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/parasitologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Toxocara canis/fisiologiaRESUMO
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a disorder resulting from chronic autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic ß-cells, lack of insulin production and hyperglycaemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that streptozotocin-diabetic mice treated with Saccharomyces boulardii THT 500101 strain present improvement of glucose and triglycerides metabolism, reduction of liver inflammation concomitant with a beneficial impact in the gut microbiota profile. C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned into three groups: Control, Diabetes, Diabetes+Probiotic, and were euthanised 8 weeks after probiotic chronic administration. Mice submitted to treatment presented reduced glycemia in comparison with the diabetic group, which was correlated with an increase in C-peptide level and in hepatic glycogen content. Fat metabolism was significantly altered in streptozotocin-induced diabetic group, and S. boulardii treatment regulated it, leading to a decrease in serum triglycerides secretion, increase in hepatic triglycerides storage and modulation of inflammatory profile. The phenotypic changes seen from chronic S. boulardii treatment were found to be broadly associated with the changes in microbioma of diabetic animals, with increased proportion in Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Deferribacteres, and a decreased proportion of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia phylum. Thus, the data presented here show up a novel potential therapeutic role of S. boulardii for the treatment and attenuation of diabetes-induced complications.
Assuntos
Complicações do Diabetes/prevenção & controle , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Probióticos/farmacologia , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Saccharomyces boulardii/fisiologia , Estreptozocina/toxicidade , Animais , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Complicações do Diabetes/metabolismo , Complicações do Diabetes/patologia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patologia , Dislipidemias/prevenção & controle , Hiperglicemia/prevenção & controle , Inflamação , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Triglicerídeos/metabolismoRESUMO
The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii in experimental treatment of giardiasis and its impact on intestinal integrity and some functions of gerbils infected with Giardia lamblia. 28 gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), aged 4-6 weeks, were divided into four groups: untreated and uninfected control (CT); infected with G. lamblia (IGL); treated with S. boulardii (SB); and infected with G. lamblia and treated with S. boulardii (ITSB). The SB and ITSB groups received S. boulardii 15 days prior to being infected with G. lamblia. The treatment continued until completion of the experiment (22nd day). The IGL and ITSB groups were gavage-inoculated with G. lamblia ensuring one-week infection. 4 h before euthanasia, all animals were gavaged with a solution containing diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) marked with technetium-99mTc DTPA to determine intestinal permeability. The small intestine was removed for histopathological, morphometric analysis and count of trophozoites adhered to the mucosa. The selected probiotic caused an approximate reduction of 70% of parasite load, which was determined by attached trophozoites (P<0.01) and immune-marked trophozoites (P<0.05). Treatment with S. boulardii (SB and ITSB groups) also increased the height of the intestinal villi and crypt depth compared to the CT and IGL groups (P<0.05). The area of mucus production and the number of goblet cells of the SB and ITSB groups were higher compared to the CT and IGL groups (P<0.01). The animals treated with S. boulardii also exhibited a significant increase of intraepithelial lymphocytes counts (P<0.01). There was no difference in the intestinal permeability between the groups studied. The efficacy of S. boulardii in reducing damages caused by Giardia was demonstrated, with an approximate reduction of 70% of the parasite load, suggesting its use as a coadjuvant in giardiasis treatment.
Assuntos
Giardia lamblia/fisiologia , Giardíase/tratamento farmacológico , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Saccharomyces boulardii/fisiologia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Gerbillinae , Giardia lamblia/efeitos dos fármacos , Giardia lamblia/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Giardíase/parasitologia , Humanos , Intestino Delgado/parasitologia , Intestino Delgado/patologia , MasculinoRESUMO
Probiotics are increasingly being added to food in order to develop products with health-promoting properties. Particularly, Saccharomyces cereviceae var. boulardii yeast is recently being investigated like a starting-culture for development of functional and probiotic foods. Although the literature is abundant on the beneficial effects of S. boulardii on health, slight information is available on the effects of supplementing this probiotic to food systems. The aim of this paper is to examine the applications of S. boulardii to different food matrices and its implication in food processing (stability, sensorial properties and other technological implications) and the concomitant effects on nutrition and health.