RESUMO
COVID-19 vaccination is being rapidly rolled out in the US and many other countries, and it is crucial to provide fast and accurate assessment of vaccination coverage and vaccination gaps to make strategic adjustments promoting vaccine coverage. We reported the effective use of real-time geospatial analysis to identify barriers and gaps in COVID-19 vaccination in a minority population living in South Texas on the US-Mexico Border, to inform vaccination campaign strategies. We developed 4 rank-based approaches to evaluate the vaccination gap at the census tract level, which considered both population vulnerability and vaccination priority and eligibility. We identified areas with the highest vaccination gaps using different assessment approaches. Real-time geospatial analysis to identify vaccination gaps is critical to rapidly increase vaccination uptake, and to reach herd immunity in the vulnerable and the vaccine hesitant groups. Our results assisted the City of Brownsville Public Health Department in adjusting real-time targeting of vaccination, gathering coverage assessment, and deploying services to areas identified as high vaccination gap. The analyses and responses can be adopted in other locations.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/imunologia , Programas de Imunização/estatística & dados numéricos , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/virologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , Geografia , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Programas de Imunização/métodos , México/etnologia , Grupos Minoritários/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde das Minorias/estatística & dados numéricos , SARS-CoV-2/fisiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Texas/etnologia , Vacinação/métodos , Cobertura Vacinal/métodos , Populações Vulneráveis/etnologia , Populações Vulneráveis/estatística & dados numéricosAssuntos
Humanos , Cidade de Roma/educação , Cidade de Roma/história , Cidade de Roma/estatística & dados numéricos , Etnicidade , Grupos Raciais/educação , Grupos Raciais/história , Grupos Populacionais , Assentamentos Humanos/história , Acampamento , Saúde das Minorias/história , Saúde das Minorias/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde das Minorias/tendências , Grupos MinoritáriosRESUMO
Prenatal stress can have a lasting effect on women's mental health after childbirth. The negative effects may be particularly salient in women from low income and ethnic minority backgrounds, who are at increased risk for postpartum depression. However, social support may have the potential to attenuate the negative impact of stress. The present study evaluated 269 Mexican American women (ages 18-42; 83 % Spanish-speaking; median income $10,000-$15,000) for prenatal stress (daily hassles, family stress, partner stress, and culture-specific stress) in relation to depressive symptoms 6 weeks postpartum. Prenatal social support was examined as a buffer against the impact of prenatal stress. Partner stress, family stress, and daily hassles uniquely predicted depressive symptoms. Moderate and high levels of social support attenuated risk for depression due to family stressors. Prenatal interpersonal and daily stressors negatively impact the mental health of women after birth, but social support can mitigate some of these effects. Among Mexican American pregnant women, effective interpersonal support and stress management may be associated with reduced risk for postpartum depression.
Assuntos
Depressão Pós-Parto , Americanos Mexicanos , Período Pós-Parto , Pobreza , Apoio Social , Estresse Psicológico , Adulto , Depressão Pós-Parto/diagnóstico , Depressão Pós-Parto/epidemiologia , Depressão Pós-Parto/prevenção & controle , Depressão Pós-Parto/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde das Minorias/estatística & dados numéricos , Avaliação das Necessidades , Período Pós-Parto/etnologia , Período Pós-Parto/psicologia , Pobreza/psicologia , Pobreza/estatística & dados numéricos , Gravidez , Gestantes/psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/etiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Significant cancer health disparities exist in the United States and Puerto Rico. While numerous initiatives have been implemented to reduce cancer disparities, regional coordination of these efforts between institutions is often limited. To address cancer health disparities nation-wide, a series of regional transdisciplinary networks through the Geographic Management Program (GMaP) and the Minority Biospecimen/Biobanking Geographic Management Program (BMaP) were established in six regions across the country. This paper describes the development of the Region 3 GMaP/BMaP network composed of over 100 investigators from nine institutions in five Southeastern states and Puerto Rico to develop a state-of-the-art network for cancer health disparities research and training. We describe a series of partnership activities that led to the formation of the infrastructure for this network, recount the participatory processes utilized to develop and implement a needs and assets assessment and implementation plan, and describe our approach to data collection. Completion, by all nine institutions, of the needs and assets assessment resulted in several beneficial outcomes for Region 3 GMaP/BMaP. This network entails ongoing commitment from the institutions and institutional leaders, continuous participatory and engagement activities, and effective coordination and communication centered on team science goals.
Assuntos
Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/normas , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/normas , Saúde das Minorias/normas , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Regionalização da Saúde/normas , Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Redes Comunitárias/organização & administração , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/organização & administração , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Relações Interinstitucionais , Saúde das Minorias/estatística & dados numéricos , Avaliação das Necessidades/organização & administração , Avaliação das Necessidades/normas , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/etnologia , Porto Rico/epidemiologia , Regionalização da Saúde/métodos , Regionalização da Saúde/organização & administração , Sudeste dos Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: In an effort to develop more effective weight-loss interventions, this study examined the daily experiences and personal struggles of Mexican-American adolescent females with morbid obesity. METHODS: Twenty self-identified, morbidly obese Mexican-American adolescent females and their families were interviewed about their food choices, personal and family barriers to weight loss, sources of support, previous weight-loss experience, and weight-related beliefs. Qualitative responses were coded by using framework analysis. RESULTS: Four themes emerged from the adolescent and family responses: the impact of normal adolescent development, multiple sources of excess calories, the physical and emotional burden of excess weight for the adolescent, and the magnitude of the family's personal struggle with weight management. Multiple subthemes were also identified. CONCLUSIONS: Responses by the adolescents and their families highlighted the intersection of adolescence and Mexican-American culture and the daily challenges of obesity. Recommendations for providers include incorporating knowledge of adolescent development and culturally sensitive care into treatment recommendations.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde das Minorias/estatística & dados numéricos , Obesidade Mórbida/etnologia , Obesidade Mórbida/psicologia , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A significant body of research on minority health shows that although Latino immigrants experience unexpectedly favorable outcomes in maternal and infant health, this advantage deteriorates with increased time of residence in the United States. This study evaluates the underlying assumptions of two competing hypotheses that explain this paradox. The first hypothesis attributes this deterioration to possible negative effects of acculturation and behavioral adjustments made by immigrants while living in the United States, and the second hypothesis attributes this deterioration to the mechanism of selective return migration. Hypothetical probabilistic models are simulated for assessing the relationship between duration and birth outcomes based on the assumptions of these two hypotheses. The results are compared with the empirical research on the maternal and infant health of first-generation, Mexican-origin immigrant women in the United States. The analysis provides evidence that a curvilinear pattern of duration and birth outcomes can be explained by the joint effects of both acculturation and selective return migration in which the former affects health status over the longer durations, and the latter affects health status at shorter durations.