RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To identify the manifestations presented by parents of children and adolescents who require special health attention that can impact their mental health. METHODS: exploratory, qualitative research, based on the concept of vulnerability, with data collection carried out through interviews with 18 parents of children and adolescents with special health care needs, hospitalized in the pediatric ward of a hospital in Paraná, between May/2017 and May/ 2018. Data analyzed by inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: parents experienced situations of vulnerability when providing care at home, with repercussions on their mental health, expressed by manifestations of lack of protection, anxiety and depression. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: It is important that health professionals seek to expand actions to promote care and reduce situations that generate threats, insecurities, concerns and damage to the health of parents, which can impact and further weaken care for children and adolescents who need attention especially health.

Assuntos

RESUMO

RESUMO Objetivo: apreender a percepção dos gestores de saúde sobre a implementação da Política de Saúde Mental nos municípios pertencentes a 5ª Regional de Saúde do Estado do Paraná. Métodos: estudo de abordagem qualitativa e caráter exploratório, realizado nos meses de fevereiro e março de 2015. Foram entrevistados 20 gestores de saúde da 5° Regional de Saúde, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A análise dos dados foi desenvolvida segundo o método de análise de conteúdo de Bardin, modalidade temática. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias: "A percepção dos gestores sobre aSM nos municípios" e "Dificuldades para a implementação da PNSM". Os gestores de saúde destacam a necessidade da melhor implementação da Política de Saúde Mental em seus municípios e a adequação da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial. As dificuldades enfrentadas são a falta de recursos financeiros, capacitação profissional e preconceitos. Considerações finais: é perceptível a falta de visibilidade entre os gestores em saúdesobre o papel dos serviços que compõem a Rede de Atenção àSaúde Mental, especialmente a atenção primária, pois é a principal responsável pelas ações de acolhimento e de promoção e prevenção aos transtornos mentais.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender la percepción de los gestores de salud sobre la implementación de la Política de Salud Mental en los municipios pertenecientes a la 5ª Regional de Salud del Estado de Paraná-Brasil. Método: estudio de enfoque cualitativo y carácter exploratorio, realizado en los meses de febrero y marzo de 2015. Se entrevistaron a 20 gestores de salud de la 5ª Regional de Salud, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas. El análisis de datos se desarrolló según el método de análisis de contenido de Bardin, modalidad temática. Resultados: surgieron dos categorías: "La percepción de los gestores sobre la SM en los municipios" y "Dificultades para la implementación de la PNSM". Los gestores de salud señalan la necesidad de una mejor aplicación de la Política de Salud Mental en sus municipios y la adecuación de la Red de Atención Psicosocial. Las dificultades a las que se enfrentan son la falta de recursos financieros, la formación profesional y los prejuicios. Consideraciones finales: es perceptible la falta de visibilidad entre los gestores de salud sobre el rol de los servicios que componen la Red de Atención a la Salud Mental, especialmente la atención primaria, por ser la principal responsable de las acciones de acogida y de promoción y prevención de los trastornos mentales.

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the perception of health managers about the implementation of the Mental Health Policy in municipalities belonging to the 5th Health Regional Unit of the State of Paraná. Methods: study with a qualitative approach and an exploratory nature, conducted in the months of February and March 2015. Twenty health managers from the 5th Health Regional Unit were interviewed, through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was developed according to Bardin's content analysis method, thematic modality. Results: two categories emerged: "The perception of managers about MH in the municipalities" and "Difficulties in implementing PNSM". Health managers highlight the need for better implementation of the Mental Health Policy in their municipalities and the adequacy of the Psychosocial Care Network. The difficulties faced are the lack of financial resources, professional training and prejudice. Final considerations: the lack of visibility among health managers about the role of the services that make up the Mental Health Care Network is noticeable, especially primary care, as it is primarily responsible for the actions of welcoming and promotion/prevention of mental disorders.

Assuntos

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Background: Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence, physical activity (PA) patterns, and physical fitness are associated with physical, social, and psychological health in children. Objective: the purpose of this study was to determine the association of items of MD adherence, fitness components, and lifestyle with psychological and social health in Chilean schoolchildren. Material and methods: this cross-sectional study included 615 schoolchildren, both girls (n = 271, 11.7 ± 1.00 years old) and boys (n = 344, 11.8 ± 1.1 years old). Anthropometric parameters, fitness components, lifestyle, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and self-esteem were measured. Results: HRQoL showed an association with cardiorespiratory fitness (ß: 0.12, p < 0.001) and PA (ß: 0.32, p = 0.023). Self-esteem was inversely associated with screen time (ß: -1.35, p < 0.001). Moreover, social health presented a positive association with PA after school (ß: 0.06, p = 0.037). In relation to MD adherence items, HRQoL was linked to the items "Takes a fruit or fruit juice every day" (ß: 1.93, p = 0.004) and "Consumes fresh or cooked vegetables ˃ 1 time/day" (ß: 1.12, p = 0.018). Self-esteem was associated to "Consumes a dairy product ˃ 1 time/day" (ß: 3.30, p = 0.030). Social health was inversely related to "Eats at a fast food restaurant ≥ 1 time/week" (ß: -0.26, p = 0.003) and positively to "Consumes pasta or rice almost every day" (ß: 0.35, p = 0.049). Conclusion: MD adherence items, fitness, and lifestyle were linked to psychological and social health, therefore it is necessary to develop preventive strategies for schoolchildren to change in a positive way these modifiable lifestyle behaviors.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Antecedentes: la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (DM), los patrones de actividad física (AF) y la condición física están asociados a la salud física, social y psicológica de los niños. Objetivo: el propósito de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre ítems de adherencia a la DM, componentes de la condición física y el estilo de vida con la salud psicológica y social de los escolares chilenos. Material y métodos: este estudio transversal incluyó a 615 escolares, niñas (n = 271, 11,7 ± 1,00 años) y niños (n = 344, 11,8 ± 1,1 años). Se midieron parámetros antropométricos, componentes de la condición física, estilo de vida, calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y autoestima. Resultados: la CVRS mostró asociación con la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria (ß: 0,12, p < 0,001) y la PA (ß: 0,32, p = 0,023). La autoestima, por su parte, se relacionó de manera inversa con el tiempo frente a la pantalla (ß: -1,35, p < 0,001). Además, la salud social presentó una asociación positiva con la AF después de la escuela (ß: 0,06, p = 0,037). En relación a los ítems de adherencia a la DM, la CVRS se vinculó a los ítems "Toma una fruta o jugo de fruta todos los días" (ß: 1,93, p = 0,004) y "Consume verduras frescas o cocidas ˃ 1 vez/día" (ß: 1,12, p = 0,018). La autoestima se asoció a "Consume un producto lácteo ˃ 1 vez/día" (ß: 3,30, p = 0,030). La salud social se vinculó inversamente con "Come en un restaurante de comida rápida ≥ 1 vez/semana" (ß: -0,26, p = 0,003) y positivamente con "Consume pasta o arroz casi todos los días" (ß: 0,35, p = 0,049). Conclusión: los ítems de adherencia a la DM, la condición física y el estilo de vida se relacionaron con la salud psicológica y social de los escolares, por lo que es necesario desarrollar estrategias preventivas para modificar de manera positiva estas conductas de estilo de vida modificables.

Assuntos

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The study aimed to estimate the association of experiencing a higher number of victimizations with mental health and health-risk behaviours among adolescents in the 2015 Curaçao Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS). METHODS: In all, 2,765 in-school adolescents with a median age of 15 years from Curaçao responded to the cross-sectional GSHS. RESULTS: Results indicate that from six forms of victimization (bullied, parental physical victimization, physically attacked, physical intimate partner violence victimization, forced sex and violent injury) assessed, 29.6 % reported one type of victimization, 11.3 % two types and 4.9 % three or more types of victimization. In adjusted logistic regression analyses, PV was associated with four poor mental health indicators (worry-induced sleep disturbance, suicidal ideation, loneliness, and suicide attempt) and eleven health-risk behaviours (current tobacco use, current alcohol use, current cannabis use, early sexual debut, sex among students who were drunk, multiple sexual partners, non-condom use at last sex, school truancy, carrying a weapon, short sleep and skipping breakfast). CONCLUSION: Almost one in six students reported poly-victimization (≥2 types). Higher frequency of victimization was positively associated with four poor mental health indicators and eleven health-risk behaviours.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivo: refletir sobre as intervenções/ações de cuidado em saúde mental voltados aos profissionais da saúde que prestam assistência ao paciente suspeito ou diagnosticado com COVID-19. Conteúdo: A pandemia de COVID-19 traz o desafio para profissionais da saúde em lidar com sua própria saúde mental e a dos pacientes. É fundamental conhecer e refletir sobre iniciativas que países apresentam para lidar com a manutenção da saúde mental de profissionais da saúde em tempos de pandemia e que contribuem para repensar o planejamento, execução e avaliação de estratégias a serem utilizadas no Brasil. Considerações finais: foi possível elencar ações em saúde mental que têm se mostrado assertivas no cuidado aos trabalhadores de saúde, atuantes na ponta do cuidado, sobretudo as baseadas no esclarecimento da doença, uso adequado de equipamentos de proteção individual, além do mapeamento daqueles profissionais fragilizados emocionalmente e/ou com sofrimento mental anterior à pandemia, além do suporte emocional oferecido por meio de plataformas digitais.

Objective: to reflect on mental health care interventions/actions aimed at health professionals who provide assistance to patients suspected or diagnosed with COVID-19. Content: The COVID-19 pandemic challenges health professionals to lead with their own and patients' mental health. It is essential to know and to reflect about countries' initiatives to deal with health professional's mental health maintenance in times of pandemic, and to help to re-think strategies planning, execution and evaluation to be used in Brazil. Final considerations: it was possible to list actions in mental health that have shown to be assertive in the care of health workers who are in the front line of caring, especially those based on clarifying the disease, appropriate use of individual protective equipment, in addition to mapping those emotionally weakened professionals and or with mental suffering prior to the pandemic, in addition to the emotional support offered through digital platforms.

Objetivo: reflexionar sobre las intervenciones/acciones de atención de salud mental dirigidas a profesionales de la salud que prestan asistencia a pacientes sospechosos o diagnosticados con COVID-19. Contenido: La pandemia COVID-19 desafía a los profesionales de la salud a hacer frente con la salud mental propia y de los pacientes. Es esencial conocer y reflexionar sobre las iniciativas de los países para enfrentar al mantenimiento de la salud mental de los profesionales de la salud en tiempos de pandemia, y para ayudar a repensar la planificación, ejecución y evaluación de estrategias que se utilizarán en Brasil. Consideraciones finales: fue posible enumerar acciones en salud mental que han demostrado ser asertivas en la atención de los trabajadores de salud que trabajan en la primera línea de atención de la salud, especialmente aquellos basados en la aclaración de la enfermedad, el uso apropiado de equipos de protección individual, además de mapear aquellos profesionales debilitados emocionalmente y / o con sufrimiento mental antes de la pandemia, además del apoyo emocional ofrecido a través de plataformas digitales.

Assuntos

Assuntos

RESUMO

Establece los lineamientos técnicos normativos para la promoción de la salud mental y prevención de la enfermedad mental, a nivel personal, familiar y comunitario, así como para las y los proveedores de salud ante el evento Coronavirus. Identificando los riesgos de salud mental desencadenados por el evento Coronavirus.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate child's mental health care in the context of the Family Health Strategy, from the professionals' perspective. METHODS: A qualitative case study type, using the Fourth Generation Assessment as a methodological reference. Fourteen professionals from two teams of the Family Health Strategy of Porto Alegre/RS were the participants. Data collection extended from May to August 2018, and consisted of observations and interviews through the dialectical hermeneutic circle, and of analysis through the Constant Comparative Method. RESULTS: The analytical category emerged of Mental Health Care for Children related to home visit, care network, advice, team meeting and space in the medical agenda. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the FHS is an important psychosocial care space and that, at the same time, presents weaknesses in cross-sectorial work and needs support from the mental health services network to accompanying children and families.

Assuntos

RESUMO

El documento refleja la preocupación del MSPAS respecto a las necesidades psicológicas ante la gravedad de la pandemia, del personal de salud de todo el país. Da cuenta de que en algunos casos trabajan con los mínimos recursos personales para poder afrontar los retos del trabajo, así como otras circunstancias que les pueden generar estrés, soledad, inseguridad, etc. Por ello emite una serie de recomendaciones para apoyarlos. El documento en sí refleja los estados anímicos de los trabajadores de salud, especialmente en el personal de primera línea de atención a pacientes comprometidos con coronavirus. El objetivo es: fortalecer a proveedores de salud de recursos internos y estrategias de afrontamiento, para la mitigación de trastornos mentales en los proveedores de salud que atienden la pandemia de COVID ­ 19.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Few studies have investigated the "multiple religious affiliations" phenomenon. This study aims to understand those with "multiple religious affiliations," describing its prevalence and investigating if there are differences in mental health and quality of life between this group and those with a single religious affiliation and those with no religious affiliation. A total of 1169 adults were included, and 58% had a single religious affiliation, 27.7% had multiple religious affiliations, and 12.3% had no religious affiliation. Participants with a single religious affiliation presented better mental health and quality of life than those with multiple or no religious affiliations. Although most outcomes were similar between multiple and no religious affiliations, happiness and optimism were higher in the multiple religious group, and anxiety was lower in the no religious group. Health care professionals should be aware of the secondary religious affiliations of their patients to identify possible conflicts and to treat them comprehensively.

Assuntos

Assuntos

RESUMO

A large number of children of depressed mothers have one or more mental disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of maternal depression on the mental health of 4-5-year-old children of adolescent mothers, according to the hypotheses generated from the model of accumulation. Between October 2009 and March 2011, all pregnant adolescents who received prenatal care from the public health system in Pelotas (southern Brazil) were invited to participate in the study and have been prospectively followed. Of these individuals, 413 participants were evaluated in the postpartum period and when the child was 2-3 years old and 4-5 years old (current stage). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to assess mental health problems in children, and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)-Plus version was used to assess maternal depression. We applied a structured modeling approach to examine the relations between three different hypothesized life course models (accumulation, critical period, and mobility) and maternal depression. After selecting the most appropriate model, we used a logistic regression analysis to assess the effect of depression on mental health problems in 4-5-year-old children of adolescent mothers. We used the Chi square test to estimate the prevalence of mental health problems in 4-5-year-old children. The longer the time of exposure to maternal depression, the greater the probability that the child would present behavioral problems. Investments in strategies to prevent mental disorders beginning in the gestational period are important.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate child's mental health care in the context of the Family Health Strategy, from the professionals' perspective. Methods: A qualitative case study type, using the Fourth Generation Assessment as a methodological reference. Fourteen professionals from two teams of the Family Health Strategy of Porto Alegre/RS were the participants. Data collection extended from May to August 2018, and consisted of observations and interviews through the dialectical hermeneutic circle, and of analysis through the Constant Comparative Method. Results: The analytical category emerged of Mental Health Care for Children related to home visit, care network, advice, team meeting and space in the medical agenda. Conclusions: The results show that the FHS is an important psychosocial care space and that, at the same time, presents weaknesses in cross-sectorial work and needs support from the mental health services network to accompanying children and families.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la atención de salud mental a niños en el contexto de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia (ESF), desde la perspectiva de los profesionales. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo, del tipo estudio de casos, en el que se utilizó la Evaluación de Cuarta Generación como referencial metodológico. Catorce profesionales de dos equipos de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia de Porto Alegre/RS participaron en el estudio. La recolección de datos se registró entre mayo y agosto de 2018, consistió en observaciones y entrevistas a través del círculo hermenéutico dialéctico, y en análisis a través del Método Comparativo Constante. Resultados: Surgió la categoría analítica de Atención de salud mental a niños en relación con: visita domiciliaria, red de atención, asesoramiento, reunión de equipo y espacio en la agenda médica. Conclusiones: Los resultados demuestran que la ESF es un importante espacio de atención psicosocial, al mismo tiempo que presenta debilidades en el trabajo intersectorial y necesita el apoyo de la red de servicios de salud mental para acompañar a los niños y a las familias.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o cuidado em saúde mental à criança no contexto da Estratégia de Saúde da Família - ESF, a partir da perspectiva dos profissionais. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, tipo estudo de caso, utilizou-se a Avaliação de Quarta Geração como referencial metodológico. Participaram 14 profissionais de duas equipes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família do município de Porto Alegre/RS. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre maio e agosto de 2018, consistiu em observação e entrevista através do círculo hermenêutico dialético, e análise através do Método Comparativo Constante. Resultados: Emergiu a categoria analítica Cuidado de Saúde Mental destinado à Criança relacionada visita domiciliar, rede de cuidados, matriciamento, reunião de equipe e espaço na agenda médica. Conclusões: Os resultados demonstram que a ESF se constitui em um importante espaço de cuidado psicossocial, ao mesmo tempo encontra fragilidades no trabalho intersetorial e necessita de apoio da rede de serviços de saúde mental para o acompanhamento de crianças e famílias.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Este estudo parte da adoção do Guia GAM-BR como ferramenta da política de saúde mental no Rio Grande do Sul. Objetivando avaliar repercussões de sua implementação no estado, desenvolveu-se pesquisa avaliativa com trabalhadores, usuários, gestores e familiares envolvidos com a estratégia GAM em serviços de três regiões do RS. Realizaram-se rodas de conversas cuja transcrição foi transformada em narrativas submetidas à discussão com todos segmentos. Neste artigo, destacam-se dois dos oito eixos temáticos que orientaram a análise do conjunto das narrativas: função estratégica da GAM entre a tutela e o cuidado; estratégias e metodologias para produção de grupalidade. Nota-se, em grupos GAM, coexistirem exercícios de autonomia e tutela, ao mesmo tempo que se produzem espaços de fala, trocas entre participantes e interlocução com profissionais. O manejo cogestivo dos grupos sinaliza estratégias e metodologias para produção de grupalidade, incidindo na participação ativa e crítica dos usuários.

This study starts with the introduction of the GAM-BR Guide as a tool for mental health policy in Rio Grande do Sul. In order to evaluate the repercussions of its implementation, an evaluation study was conducted with workers, users, managers and family members involved with the GAM strategy in services in three regions of Rio Grande do Sul. Conversation rounds were held and its transcription was transformed into narratives submitted for discussion with all segments. In this article, two of the eight thematic axes that guided the analysis of the set of narratives are pointed out: GAM's strategic function between guardianship and care and strategies and methodologies for groupality production. In GAM groups, exercises of autonomy and tutelage coexist, and it produces speaking spaces, exchanges between participants and dialogues with professionals. The cogestive management of groups indicates strategies and methodologies for groupality production, which results in the active and critical participation of users.

Este estudio empieza por la adopción de la Guía GAM-BR como herramienta en la política de salud mental en Rio Grande do Sul. Para evaluar las repercusiones de su aplicación en el estado, se llevó a cabo un estudio de evaluación con trabajadores, usuarios, gestores y familiares involucrados con la estrategia GAM en los servicios de tres regiones de Rio Grande do Sul. Fueran organizadas ruedas de conversación cuya transcripción se transformó en narrativas presentadas para discusión con todos los segmentos. En este artículo se destacaron dos de los ocho ejes temáticos que guiaron el análisis del conjunto de narrativas: la función estratégica de la GAM entre la tutela y el cuidado y estrategias y metodologías para producción grupal. En los grupos GAM coexisten ejercicios de autonomía y tutela, a la vez que se producen espacios de diálogo, intercambios entre los participantes y diálogo con los profesionales. La conducción cogestiva de los grupos señala estrategias y metodologías para la producción de grupalidad, resultando en la participación activa y crítica de los usuarios.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Although the availability and use of mobile mental health apps has grown exponentially in recent years, little data are available regarding their efficacy. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an app developed to promote stress management and well-being among working women compared with a control app. METHODS: Female employees at a private hospital were invited to participate in the study via mailing lists and intranet ads. A total of 653 individuals self-enrolled through the website. Eligible participants were randomized between control (n=240) and intervention (n=250) groups. The well-being mobile app provides an 8-week program with 4 classes per week (including a brief theoretical portion and a 15-min guided practice). The active control app also provided 4 assessments per week that encouraged participants to self-observe how they were feeling for 20 min. We also used the app to conduct Web-based questionnaires (10-item Perceived Stress Scale and 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index) and ask specific questions to assess subjective levels of stress and well-being at baseline (t1), midintervention (t4=4 weeks after t1) and postintervention (t8=8 weeks after t1). Both apps were fully automated without any human involvement. Outcomes from the control and intervention conditions at the 3 time points were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: Among the randomized participants (n=490), 185 participants were excluded at the 4-week follow-up and another 79 at the 8-week follow-up because of noncompliance with the experimental protocol. Participants who did not complete t4 and t8 assessments were equally distributed between groups (t4: control group=34.6% [83/240] and intervention group=40.8% [102/250]; P=.16; t8: control group=29.9% [47/157] and intervention group=21.6% [32/148]; P=.10). Both groups showed a significant increase in general well-being as a function of time (F2,426=5.27; P=.006), but only the intervention group presented a significant increase in work-related well-being (F2,426=8.92; P<.001), as well as a significant reduction in work-related and overall stress (F2,426=5.50; P=.004 and F2,426=8.59; P<.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The well-being mobile app was effective in reducing employee stress and improving well-being. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02637414; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02637414.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Using a community-based participatory research approach, we surveyed 134 undocumented Central American immigrant mothers to examine correlates of maternal mental health. Drawing upon an ecosystemic framework, predictors of depression included structural and familial stressors, parental concerns, and maternal health factors. Mothers' perceptions of child affect, traumatic stress, and general health ratings were among the most salient predictors. However, structural and familial stressors, such as food insecurity and single parenting, also accounted for significant variance in depression scores. Findings informed community actions such as advocating for mental health care and building awareness of families' lived experiences within the local school system.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT The approval of the More Doctors Program has triggered a number of readjustments of the National Curricular Guidelines (DCNs) for Medical Education, like the creation of a mental health internship integrated into the health service and community. Due to this demand, the higher education institutions have been encouraged to innovate in their teaching-learning methodologies in order to guarantee a generalist, humanistic and critical professional education. We report the experience of a private higher education institution in the implementation of a mental health internship in consonance with the new DCNs. We present all the steps of the implementation, reporting the participation of students, supervisors, preceptors and managers. We show that a mental health internship linked to different levels of healthcare promotes learning conditions capable of favoring the decentralization of care and application of the community/family approach.

RESUMO A aprovação do Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) desencadeou uma série de readequações das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) do ensino médico, como a inserção de um internato em Saúde Mental integrado ao serviço-comunidade. Frente a essa demanda, as instituições de ensino superior (IES) foram encorajadas a inovar em suas metodologias de ensino-aprendizagem, a fim de garantir uma formação profissional generalista, humanista e crítica. Assim, relatamos, neste artigo, a experiência de uma IES privada na implantação de um internato em Saúde Mental em consonância com as novas DCN. Apresentamos todas as etapas da implantação do internato, envolvendo a atuação de diversos atores desse processo, como estudantes, supervisores, preceptores e gestores. Mostramos que um estágio em Saúde Mental vinculado aos diferentes níveis de atenção à saúde promove condições de aprendizagem capazes de favorecer a descentralização do cuidado e a aplicação da abordagem comunitária/familiar.

RESUMEN La aprobación del Programa Más Médicos ha provocado una serie de ajustes a las Directrices Curriculares Brasileñas (DCB) como la inserción de un internado médico en Salud Mental integrado al servicio-comunidad. Frente a esta demanda, se alentó a las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) a innovar en sus metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje para garantizar una formación profesional generalista, humanista y crítica. Informamos en este artículo la experiencia de una IES privada en la implementación de un internado médico en salud mental en consonancia con la nueva DCB. Presentamos todas las etapas de la implantación del internado, relatando la participación de los estudiantes, supervisores, preceptores y gestores. Se muestra que un internado en salud mental vinculado a los diferentes niveles de atención a la salud promueve condiciones de aprendizaje capaces de favorecer la descentralización del cuidado y la aplicación del enfoque comunitario/familiar.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Global Mental Health is a field of teaching, research, and practice whose goal is to improve access to mental health and reduce inequalities in mental health outcomes for all people worldwide, especially proposing action in low- and middle-income countries like Brazil. Given this global scenario and Brazil's progress in health and psychiatric reforms, it is important to investigate the current status of the Brazilian mental health literature and its relationship to Global Mental Health, describing how Brazilian research deals with key topics in the Global Mental Health field. The authors performed an integrative literature review using a qualitative and descriptive approach. The article search was performed for the years 2014 and 2015 in Portuguese and English, using the terms "mental health" and "Brazil", combined with key words corresponding to the principal themes addressed by authors in Global Mental Health. The search yielded 88 articles, which were analyzed according to authorship, periodicals and regions, and the analytical categories of access, primary care, community mental health services, social determinants of health, human rights, and equity. Brazil's mental health research revealed a rich and diverse body of studies, showing parallels with the literature on global mental health, but with limited systematization. Although the review revealed efforts to generate knowledge in this field within Brazil, some barriers may be limiting Brazil's participation in the international debate on Global Mental Health.

A Saúde Mental Global é um campo de ensino, pesquisa e prática, cuja prioridade é melhorar o acesso e assegurar a equidade no cuidado em saúde mental para todas as pessoas do mundo, propondo ações especialmente em países de média e baixa renda, como o Brasil. Diante desse panorama mundial e considerando o avanço local dos processos das reformas sanitária e psiquiátrica, torna-se importante investigar o estado atual da literatura brasileira e sua relação com a Saúde Mental Global, descrevendo como a produção nacional aborda assuntos enfatizados nesse campo. Assim, adotando abordagem qualitativa e perspectiva descritiva, foi realizada revisão integrativa da literatura do período de 2014-2015, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica em português e inglês, utilizando os termos saúde mental e Brasil combinados a palavras-chave correspondentes aos principais tópicos discutidos por autores da Saúde Mental Global. Foram encontrados 88 artigos apreciados segundo sua autoria, periódicos e regiões de publicação, metodologia e de acordo com as categorias de análise e acesso; atenção primária; atenção psicossocial; determinantes sociais da saúde; direitos humanos; e equidade. Constatou-se haver na produção científica nacional um conjunto de estudos muito rico e diversificado com paralelos com a literatura da Saúde Mental Global, mas apresenta um baixo índice de sistematização. Esses achados revelam, portanto, que, apesar dos esforços para a geração de conhecimento local, existem barreiras que, possivelmente, comprometem a participação brasileira no debate internacional.

La Salud Mental Global es un campo de enseñanza, investigación y práctica, cuya prioridad es mejorar el acceso y asegurar la equidad en el cuidado en salud mental para todas las personas del mundo, proponiendo acciones especialmente en países de renta media y baja, como Brasil. Ante el actual panorama mundial, y considerando el avance local de los procesos de reforma sanitaria y psiquiátrica, es importante investigar el estado actual de la literatura brasileña y su relación con la Salud Mental Global, describiendo de qué forma la producción nacional aborda asuntos centrados en este campo. De este modo, adoptando un enfoque cualitativo y una perspectiva descriptiva, se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura existente durante el período de 2014-2015, mediante una investigación bibliográfica en portugués e inglés, utilizando los términos salud mental y Brasil, combinados con palabras-clave correspondientes a los principales temas discutidos por parte de autores sobre Salud Mental Global. Se encontraron 88 artículos evaluados según su autoría, periódicos, regiones de publicación y metodología, de acuerdo con las categorías de análisis y acceso: atención primaria, atención psicosocial, determinantes sociales de la salud, derechos humanos y equidad. Se constató que existe en la producción científica nacional un conjunto de estudios muy rico y diversificado, con paralelismos con la literatura de la Salud Mental Global, pero que presenta un bajo índice de sistematización. Estos hallazgos revelan, por tanto, que, a pesar de los esfuerzos para la generación de conocimiento local, existen barreras que, posiblemente, comprometen la participación brasileña en el debate internacional sobre esta cuestión.

Assuntos

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objective: The New York City's Thrive (ThriveNYC) and the Los Angeles County Health Neighborhood Initiative (HNI) are two local policies focused on addressing the social determinants of behavioral health as a preventive strategy for improving health service delivery. On January 29, 2016, leaders from both initiatives came together with a range of federal agencies in health care, public health, and policy research at the RAND Corporation in Arlington, Virginia. The goal of this advisory meeting was to share lessons learned, consider research and evaluation strategies, and create a dialogue between stakeholders and federal funders - all with the purpose to build momentum for policy innovation in behavioral health equity. Methods: This article analyzes ethnographic notes taken during the meeting and in-depth interviews of 14 meeting participants through Kingdon's multiple streams theory of policy change. Results: Results demonstrated that stakeholders shared a vision for behavioral health policy innovation focused on community engagement and social determinants of health. In addition, Kingdon's model highlighted that the problem, policy and politics streams needed to form a window of opportunity for policy change were coupled, enabling the possibility for behavioral health policy innovation. Conclusions: The advisory meeting suggested that local policy makers, academics, and community members, together with federal agents, are working to implement behavioral health policy innovation.

Assuntos