RESUMO
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of cadmium, lead and arsenic on the apoptosis of human immune cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) were incubated with increasing concentrations of these metals and then cellular apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and by DNA electrophoresis. We found that arsenic induced a significant level of apoptosis at 15 microM after 48h of incubation. Cadmium had a similar effect, but at higher concentrations (65 microM). In addition, cadmium exerted a cytotoxic effect on MNC that seemed to be independent of the induction of apoptosis. In contrast, concentrations of lead as high as 500 microM were nontoxic and did not induce a significant degree of apoptosis. Additional experiments showed that arsenic at concentrations as low as 1.0 microM had a significant pro-apoptotic effect when cells were cultured in the presence of this pollutant for more than 72. Non-T cells were more susceptible than T lymphocytes to the effect of arsenic and cadmium. Interestingly, MNC from children chronically exposed to arsenic showed a high basal rate of apoptosis and a diminished in vitro sensibility to this metalloid. Our results indicate that both arsenic and cadmium are able to induce apoptosis of lymphoid cells, and suggest that this phenomenon may contribute to their immunotoxic effect in vivo.
Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Arsênio/efeitos adversos , Cádmio/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Ambientais/efeitos adversos , Chumbo/efeitos adversos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Arsênio/urina , Arsenitos/farmacologia , Arsenitos/toxicidade , Cloreto de Cádmio/farmacologia , Cloreto de Cádmio/toxicidade , Células Cultivadas/efeitos dos fármacos , Criança , Creatinina/urina , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Exposição Ambiental , Humanos , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/induzido quimicamente , Leucócitos Mononucleares/citologia , México , Mineração , Compostos Organometálicos/farmacologia , Compostos Organometálicos/toxicidade , Formação de Roseta , Compostos de Sódio/farmacologia , Compostos de Sódio/toxicidade , Linfócitos T/citologia , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
This article describes the enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) content in the liver and spleen extracts from immunosuppressed two months old CFW mice which received a single dose (400 mg/kg body weight) of cyclophosphamide (CY). A complement fixation inhibition assay was used to measure the tissular concentration of ECA. The results showed that liver and spleen ethanol-soluble extracts from immunosuppressed mice had a greater quantity of ECA than those obtained from healthy mice (p < 0.001). Previous works have proven that ECA is a hapten shared by almost all Gram-negative bacteria, and CY is an alkylating agent useful to induce bacterial translocation. Therefore, the increments observed in tissular ECA concentration may indicate the extension of the enterobacterial dissemination from intestine to abdominal organs in CY-treated immunosuppressed mice.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias/análise , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Fígado/microbiologia , Baço/microbiologia , Animais , Ciclofosfamida/toxicidade , Enterobacteriaceae/imunologia , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/induzido quimicamente , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/microbiologia , Intestinos/microbiologia , Fígado/imunologia , Fígado/patologia , Sistema Linfático/microbiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/imunologia , Baço/patologiaRESUMO
The evaluation of immunological conditions of 14 workers occupationally exposed to lead and comparison of these results with those of a non-exposed control group with similar age and sex were the aims of this study. It was determined the mean values of lead in blood. In exposed workers it was 46.9 ug/dl while in the control group it was 10.9 ug/dl. Levels of immunoglobulin decreasing while increasing lead concentration in blood were found in those exposed. It was also found a significant diminishment in the formation of rosette in relation to the control group.
Assuntos
Indústria Química , Imunidade Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunoglobulinas/sangue , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/induzido quimicamente , Chumbo/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ocupacional , Adulto , Animais , Humanos , Deficiência de IgG/induzido quimicamente , Chumbo/sangue , Chumbo/farmacologia , Chumbo/toxicidade , Contagem de Leucócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Formação de Roseta , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Histological studies of the spleen and thymus of rats fed raw black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) show an atrophy of both lymphoid organs. Decrease in relative thymus weight was most marked. All histological organization of this organ appeared altered. An evident decrease in cell number was also observed in both organs. Proliferative response of splenic cells stimulated in vitro with Concanavalin A was increased as compared to that from animals fed the control diet. It is likely that histological changes observed in the spleen and the thymus are due mainly to a protein caloric deficiency, although the possibility that toxic factors present in the raw diet have an effect on the immune system of the rat can not be overruled.
Assuntos
Fabaceae , Manipulação de Alimentos , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/induzido quimicamente , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Plantas Medicinais , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Timo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Atrofia , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Alimentares/farmacocinética , Proteínas Alimentares/toxicidade , Inibidores Enzimáticos/toxicidade , Fabaceae/toxicidade , Temperatura Alta , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Fito-Hemaglutininas/toxicidade , Lectinas de Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/farmacocinética , Proteínas de Plantas/toxicidade , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Baço/patologia , Taninos/toxicidade , Timo/patologiaRESUMO
Histological studies of the spleen and thymus of rats fed raw black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) show an atrophy of both lymphoid organs. Decrease in relative thymus weight was most marked. All histological organization of this organ appeared altered. An evident decrease in cell number was also observed in both organs. Proliferative response of splenic cells stimulated in vitro with Concanavalin A was increased as compared to that from animals fed the control diet. It is likely that histological changes observed in the spleen and the thymus are due mainly to a protein caloric deficiency, although the possibility that toxic factors present in the raw diet have an effect on the immune system of the rat can not be overruled
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Fabaceae , Manipulação de Alimentos , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/induzido quimicamente , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Timo/efeitos dos fármacos , Atrofia , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Alimentares/farmacocinética , Proteínas Alimentares/toxicidade , Inibidores Enzimáticos/toxicidade , Temperatura Alta , Fabaceae/toxicidade , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Fito-Hemaglutininas/toxicidade , Proteínas de Plantas/farmacocinética , Proteínas de Plantas/toxicidade , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Baço/patologia , Taninos/toxicidade , Timo/patologiaRESUMO
By the nature of their work environment, physicians may be exposed to potentially toxic substances that can trigger chemical sensitivity. Nineteen physicians with chemical sensitivity were evaluated at the Environmental Health Center - Dallas regarding: type of specialty, history of chemical exposure, symptoms produced, food and water tolerance, immune parameters and double-blind chemical inhalation challenge. Food and chemical sensitivities were demonstrated in these physicians by oral, intradermal and inhalation challenges. After treatment, fifteen of the nineteen physicians were able to resume medical practice. Potential sources of chemical exposure in medical environments are evaluated.
Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/etiologia , Doenças Profissionais/induzido quimicamente , Médicos , Adulto , Idoso , Doença Crônica , Método Duplo-Cego , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/imunologia , Feminino , Cirurgia Geral , Humanos , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/induzido quimicamente , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Profissionais/diagnóstico , Doenças Profissionais/imunologia , Exposição Ocupacional , Solventes/efeitos adversos , Síndrome , Tetracloroetileno/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Químicos da ÁguaRESUMO
En este trabajo se estudia la competencia inmunológica en un grupo de ratones recién nacidos, a los cuales se les indujo una inmunodeficiencia, secundaria mediante la inoculación intraperitoneal de estafilococos muertos. Los ratones fueron divididos en varios grupos para estudiar la producción de anticuerpos, la inducción de una reacción local injerto-contra-huésped (GvH) y la tolerancia inmunológica oral. Los resultados mostraron que los ratones inyectados con estafilococos tenían deprimida la producción de anticuerpos y una incapacidad para desarrollar tolerancia oral, sin cambios significativos de la respuesta in vivo contra antígenos alogénicos. Todos los ratones inoculados detuvieron su desarrollo y, al final del primer mes de vida, estaban desnutridos con un peso promedio 40% menos que el de controles sanos. La interacción con los estafilococos comprometió tanto a la inmunidad sistémica como la de la mucosa intestinal. Este trastorno inmunológico difiere del que tienen los animales desnutridos debido a una dieta deficiente en proteínas y calorías. La enfermedad del desgaste se ha considerado como una inmunodeficiencia animal selectiva y transitoria que puede ayudar a explorar el daño inmunológico que causan las infecciones en el niño.