RESUMO
AIM: Gestational diabetes (GD) is a global health concern with significant implications for maternal and neonatal outcomes. This study investigates the association between early GD (eGD) diagnosis (<24 weeks), pharmacotherapy requirements and adverse neonatal outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort of 369 pregnant women underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Maternal variables, pharmacotherapy prescriptions and neonatal outcomes were analysed employing t-tests, χ2 tests, and logistic regression. A p < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Early GD increased the odds of neonatal hypoglycaemia [odds ratio (OR): 18.57, p = .013] and respiratory distress syndrome (OR: 4.75, p = .034). Nutritional therapy prescription by an accredited nutritionist was the most common treatment in women diagnosed after 24 weeks, but those with eGD required more frequently specialized nutritional consulting + metformin to achieve glycaemic control (p = .027). eGD was associated with a higher requirement of nutritional therapy prescription + metformin (OR: 2.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.25-4.09, p = .007) and with maternal hyperglycaemia during the post-partum period at 2 h of the oral glucose tolerance test (OR: 1.03, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.13, p = .024). CONCLUSION: Timely diagnosis and personalized treatment of GD are desirable because an earlier presentation is related to a higher risk of adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes.
Assuntos
Diabetes Gestacional , Diagnóstico Precoce , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Hipoglicemiantes , Metformina , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Diabetes Gestacional/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Diabetes Gestacional/sangue , Recém-Nascido , Adulto , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Metformina/uso terapêutico , Hipoglicemia/induzido quimicamente , Hipoglicemia/prevenção & controle , Hipoglicemia/epidemiologia , Resultado da Gravidez/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controle , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/epidemiologia , Glicemia/metabolismo , Glicemia/análiseRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to use modern analysis and reporting methods to present the full results of the first randomized trial of antenatal corticosteroids, performed 50 years ago. STUDY DESIGN: In this single-center trial, women at risk of preterm birth at 24 to less than 37 weeks of gestation were randomized to receive 2 doses of betamethasone or placebo, 24 hours apart. Women and their caregivers were blinded to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was respiratory distress syndrome. Secondary outcomes included measures of neonatal mortality and morbidity, mode of birth, and maternal infection. RESULTS: Between 1969 and 1974, 1115 women (1142 pregnancies) were randomized, 560 pregnancies (601 infants) to betamethasone and 582 (617 infants) to placebo. The risk of respiratory distress syndrome was significantly reduced in the betamethasone group compared with placebo (8.8% vs 14.4%, adjusted relative risk 0.62, 95% CI 0.45-0.86, P = .004). Subgroup analyses indicated greater efficacy in male than female infants but no effect of tocolytic therapy or doubling of betamethasone dose. Fetal or neonatal death, neonatal or maternal infection, neonatal hypoglycaemia, cesarean delivery, and lactation status at discharge were not different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Antenatal betamethasone administered to women at risk of preterm birth between 24 and less than 37 weeks of gestation reduces the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, with greater effect in male than in female infants. Doubling the dose of betamethasone does not provide additional benefit.
Assuntos
Nascimento Prematuro , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Humanos , Betametasona/uso terapêutico , Nascimento Prematuro/epidemiologia , Nascimento Prematuro/prevenção & controle , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/epidemiologia , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controle , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
La normalización del nivel de LDH en sangre se asocia con una mejor supervivencia en muchos estudios realizados en adultos, en niños y recién nacidos. El estudio tuvo como objetivo estimar la LDH para diferentes grupos de edad de pediatría. Se realizó un estudio observacional en Pediatrics Ward, Hospital General de Abu Ghraib, de enero de 2018 a diciembre de 2019. La muestra de estudio incluyó a 250 niños, su edad osciló entre 1 día y 16 años. Se calcularon los niños de ambos género con estos grupos de edad admitidos en Ward, y se calcularon LDH en sangre. La historia materna, la fiebre, la infección umbilical, la sollozo, la hipoxia, la sepsis y el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria (RDS) se documentaron en consecuencia. LDH medido como siguió: Recién nacido: 160 a 450 unidades por litro (unidades/L) y niño: 60 a 170 unidades/l. Dividimos la muestra a dos grupos, bebés recién nacidos (1 día a 1 año) y CHID (> 1 año a 16 años), y se documentaron las variables de estudio. La correlación de concentración y variables de LDH calculada. Se confirma el valor pronóstico del monitoreo de LDH en suero en serie para predecir la morbilidad y la mortalidad en los niños enfermos. Hay una correlación, aunque muy clara, entre los niveles de LDH en plasma con infección, asfixia y RDS
Normalisation of blood LDH level is associated with improved survival in many studies conducted in adults, in children and neonate. The study aimed to estimate the LDH for different pediatrics age groups. An observational study was conducted at Pediatrics ward, Abu Ghraib General Hospital, from January 2018 to December 2019. Study sample included 250 children; their age ranged from 1 day to 16 years. Children of both gender with these age groups admitted to ward, and blood LDH were calculated. The maternal history, fever, umbilical infection, SOB, hypoxia, sepsis, and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were documented accordingly. LDH measured as followed: New born: 160 to 450 units per litre (units/L) and child: 60 to 170 units/L. We divided sample to two-groups, newborn babies (1 day to 1 year) and chid (>1 year to 16 years), and the study variables were documented. The LDH concentration and variables correlation calculated. The prognostic value of serial serum LDH monitoring for predicting morbidity and mortality in sick children is confirmed. There is a correlation, although very clear, between the plasma LDH levels with infection, asphyxia, and RDS
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controle , Lactato Desidrogenases , HipóxiaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to analyze the available evidence of systematic reviews that evaluated the efficacy of antenatal corticosteroids in order to contribute to a reduction in magnitude and transcendence of respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn (RDS). Thus, an overview was conducted including all systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated women who received corticosteroid treatment during pregnancy to prevent RDS. Therefore, a search strategy was developed using the terms "respiratory distress syndrome, newborn," "corticosteroids," "perinatal death," "neonatal death," "neonate," and "pregnancy." The electronic databases searched were MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and Google Scholar, for studies published until June 2020. We identified 354 references, 38 of which were relevant after the initial screening. Ten systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. For RDS, 1522 cases occurred in the control group composed of 8716 participants, while in the intervention group was 1088 in 8740 participants (RR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.60-0.75). For neonatal death, 343 cases occurred in 5248 participants of the control group, while in the intervention group, there were 227 cases in 5246 participants (RR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.56-0.78). For perinatal death, there were 344 cases in 3345 participants in the control group, while in the intervention group, the number of cases was 264 in 3384 participants (RR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.58-0.89). Thus, the use of corticosteroids during pregnancy in women at risk of preterm birth is effective for the prevention of RDS in neonates and reducing the number of neonatal and perinatal deaths in preterm. PROSPERO protocol no: CRD42017074604.
Assuntos
Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Gravidez , Cuidado Pré-Natal/métodos , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that affects the premature lung, and to reduce its incidence has been used non-invasive ventilatory support, such as continuous positive airway (CPAP) and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC). Thus, the objective of this review was to assess whether the use of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) compared to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) decreases the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature newborns. METHODS: The protocol was registered (Prospero: CRD42019136631) and the search was conducted in the MEDLINE, PEDro, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase, and LILACS databases, and in the clinical trials registries, until July 2020. We included randomized clinical trials comparing HFNC versus CPAP use in premature infants born at less than 37 weeks of gestational age. The main outcome measures were the development of BPD, air leak syndrome, and nasal injury. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the GRADE system was used to summarize the evidence recommendations. Meta-analyses were performed using software R. RESULTS: No difference was found between HFNC or CPAP for the risk of BPD (RR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.90-1.34), air leak syndrome (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.52-2.14), and nasal trauma (RR: 2.00; 95% CI: 0.64-6.25), with a very low level of evidence. CONCLUSION(S): The HFNC showed similar results when compared to CPAP in relation to the risk of BPD, air leak syndrome, and nasal injury. In the literature, no randomized clinical trial has been found with BPD as the primary outcome to support possible outcomes.
Assuntos
Displasia Broncopulmonar , Doenças do Prematuro , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido , Displasia Broncopulmonar/epidemiologia , Displasia Broncopulmonar/etiologia , Displasia Broncopulmonar/prevenção & controle , Cânula , Pressão Positiva Contínua nas Vias Aéreas , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Resveratrol is a phenolic phytoconstituent found in many plants. This molecule has always caught the attention of scientists because of biological potentials such as inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress and platelet aggregation as well as to prevent/protect against cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease/disorders. Literature search have been conducted over resveratrol in covid-19 and asthma studies published in Pubmed and Google Scholars until 30 September 2020. The criteria used in the literature review were determined and were reviewed works on resveratrol including 368 articles and 47 articles on covid-19 and asthma, respectively. As a result of meta-analysis, TNF-α values of the studies showed a significant difference (heterogeneity) of I2=68.39% from each other in total (Cohran Q:6.33, p<0.0423). This study shows that resveratrol would have a potential to reduce ARDS symptoms, by suppressing the cytokine storm and severe inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2, and by showing strong activity against various types of DNA/RNA viruses.
El resveratrol es un fitoconstituyente fenólico que se encuentra en muchas plantas. Esta molécula siempre ha llamado la atención de los científicos debido a sus potenciales biológicos como la inhibición de la inflamación, el estrés oxidativo y la agregación plaquetaria, así como para prevenir/proteger contra enfermedades/trastornos cardiovasculares y neurodegenerativos. Se han realizado búsquedas bibliográficas sobre resveratrol en covid-19 y estudios sobre asma publicados en Pubmed y Google Scholars hasta el 30 de septiembre de 2020. Se determinaron los criterios utilizados en la revisión bibliográfica y se revisaron trabajos sobre resveratrol que incluyen 368 artículos y 47 artículos sobre covid-19 y asma, respectivamente. Como resultado del metanálisis, los valores de TNF-α de los estudios mostraron una diferencia significativa (heterogeneidad) de I2=68,39% entre sí en total (Cohran Q: 6,33, p<0,0423). Este estudio muestra que el resveratrol podría reducir los síntomas del ARDS al suprimir la tormenta de citocinas y la inflamación severa causada por el SARS-CoV-2, y al mostrar una fuerte actividad contra varios tipos de virus de ADN/ARN.
Assuntos
Humanos , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Resveratrol/uso terapêutico , COVID-19/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controle , Asma/complicações , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta , Síndrome da Liberação de Citocina , COVID-19/complicaçõesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Cesarean section (CS) delivery, especially without previous labor, is associated with worse neonatal respiratory outcomes. Some studies comparing neonatal outcomes between term infants exposed and not exposed to antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) before elective CS revealed that ACS appears to decrease the risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), transient tachypnea of the neonate (TTN), admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and the length of stay in the NICU. METHODS: The present retrospective cohort study aimed to compare neonatal outcomes in infants born trough term elective CS exposed and not exposed to ACS. Outcomes included neonatal morbidity at birth, neonatal respiratory morbidity, and general neonatal morbidity. Maternal demographic characteristics and obstetric data were analyzed as possible confounders. RESULTS: A total of 334 newborns met the inclusion criteria. One third of the population study (n = 129; 38.6%) received ACS. The present study found that the likelihood for RDS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.250; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.454-3.442), transient TTN (OR = 1.,623; 95%CI: 0.556-4.739), and NIUC admission (OR = 2.155; 95%CI: 0.474-9.788) was higher in the ACS exposed group, although with no statistical significance. When adjusting for gestational age and arterial hypertension, the likelihood for RDS (OR = 0,732; 95%CI: 0.240-2.232), TTN (OR = 0.959; 95%CI: 0.297-3.091), and NIUC admission (OR = 0,852; 95%CI: 0.161-4.520) become lower in the ACS exposed group. CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight the known association between CS-related respiratory morbidity and gestational age, supporting recent guidelines that advocate postponing elective CSs until 39 weeks of gestational age.
Assuntos
Corticosteroides/administração & dosagem , Cesárea/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos/efeitos adversos , Cuidado Pré-Natal/métodos , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Tempo de Internação , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taquipneia Transitória do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Abstract Objective Cesarean section (CS) delivery, especially without previous labor, is associated with worse neonatal respiratory outcomes. Some studies comparing neonatal outcomes between term infants exposed and not exposed to antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) before elective CS revealed that ACS appears to decrease the risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), transient tachypnea of the neonate (TTN), admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and the length of stay in the NICU. Methods The present retrospective cohort study aimed to compare neonatal outcomes in infants born trough term elective CS exposed and not exposed to ACS. Outcomes included neonatal morbidity at birth, neonatal respiratory morbidity, and general neonatal morbidity. Maternal demographic characteristics and obstetric data were analyzed as possible confounders. Results A total of 334 newborns met the inclusion criteria. One third of the population study (n=129; 38.6%) received ACS. The present study found that the likelihood for RDS (odds ratio [OR]=1.250; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.454-3.442), transient TTN (OR=1.,623; 95%CI: 0.556-4.739), and NIUC admission (OR=2.155; 95%CI: 0.474-9.788) was higher in the ACS exposed group, although with no statistical significance. When adjusting for gestational age and arterial hypertension, the likelihood for RDS (OR=0,732; 95%CI: 0.240-2.232), TTN (OR=0.959; 95%CI: 0.297--3.091), and NIUC admission (OR=0,852; 95%CI: 0.161-4.520) become lower in the ACS exposed group. Conclusion Our findings highlight the known association between CS-related respiratory morbidity and gestational age, supporting recent guidelines that advocate postponing elective CSs until 39 weeks of gestational age.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Cuidado Pré-Natal/métodos , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controle , Cesárea/efeitos adversos , Corticosteroides/administração & dosagem , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos/efeitos adversos , Resultado da Gravidez , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Estudos Retrospectivos , Idade Gestacional , Taquipneia Transitória do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controle , Tempo de InternaçãoRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: El estándar para inducción de madurez pulmonar en fetos con riesgo de nacer prematuramente es la administración de 12 mg de betametasona acetato/fosfato por dos veces espaciada cada 24 horas. El uso establecido en algunos hospitales públicos en Chile es con dos dosis de 12 mg betametasona fosfato aunque no existen estudios publicados sólo con betametasona fosfato sobre la incidencia de Síndrome de Distress Respiratorio (SDR). Objetivo: Evaluar efecto de betametasona en su forma fosfato como tratamiento antenatal para inducción de madurez fetal pulmonar en la incidencia SDR debido a membrana hialina en prematuros menores de 34 semanas de edad gestacional. Comparar el efecto de betametasona fosfato con el efecto publicado de betametasona acetato/fosfato. Material y método: Análisis de incidencia de SDR en prematuros nacidos en Hospital Padre Hurtado entre 24+0 y 34+0 semanas que recibieron betametasona fosfato para madurez pulmonar y aquellos que no la recibieron. Resultados: De 1.265 neonatos estudiados, 722 completaron dos dosis (57,5%); 436 sólo una dosis (34,5%) y 107 (8,5%) no recibieron corticoides antenatales. La incidencia de SDR debido a membrana hialina en el grupo con dos dosis fue 8,7%, una dosis 25,3% y 32,7% en los no tratados (p<0,001). Para SDR severo las incidencias fueron 6,7%, 12,6% y 16,8% respectivamente (p<0,001). Conclusiones: Inducción de madurez fetal pulmonar con betametasona fosfato en dos dosis de 12 mg IM separadas por 24 horas otorga una reducción significativa de incidencia de SDR semejante a la publicada con betametasona acetato/fosfato en iguales dosis.
ABSTRACT The standard for induction of lung maturity in fetuses at risk of being born prematurely is the administration of 12 mg of betamethasone acetate/phosphate two doses separated by 24 hours. The established use in some public hospitals in Chile is with two doses of 12 mg betamethasone phosphate although there are no studies published with betamethasone phosphate alone on the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Objective: To evaluate the effect of betamethasone in its phosphate form as antenatal treatment for the induction of fetal lung maturity in the incidence of RDS due to hyaline membrane in preterm infants less than 34 weeks of gestational age. To compare the effect of betamethasone phosphate with the published effect of betamethasone acetate/phosphate. Material and method: Analysis of the incidence of RDS in preterm infants born at Hospital Padre Hurtado between 24 + 0 and 34 + 0 weeks who received betamethasone phosphate for lung maturity and those who did not receive it. Results: Of 1,265 infants studied, 722 completed two doses (57.5%); 436 only one dose (34.5%) and 107 (8.5%) did not receive antenatal corticosteroids. The incidence of RDS due to hyaline membrane in the group with two doses was 8.7%, one dose 25.3% and 32.7% in the untreated ones (p <0.001). For severe RDS, incidences were 6.7%, 12.6% and 16.8% respectively (p <0.001). Conclusions: Induction of fetal lung maturity with betamethasone phosphate in two doses of 12 mg IM separated by 24 hours gives a significant reduction in the incidence of RDS similar to that published with betamethasone acetate/phosphate in equal doses.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controle , Betametasona/análogos & derivados , Nascimento Prematuro , Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Cuidado Pré-Natal/métodos , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/epidemiologia , Betametasona/administração & dosagem , Incidência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Hospitais Públicos , Doença da Membrana Hialina/prevenção & controle , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate how frequently surfactant is used off-label in preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of prospectively collected administrative data for 2005-2015 from 348 neonatal intensive care units in the US. We quantified off-label administration of poractant alfa, calfactant, or beractant in inborn infants born at <37 weeks of gestational age (GA). Off-label surfactant administration was defined according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) label. RESULTS: Of a total of 110 822 preterm infants who received surfactant, 68 226 (62%) received the surfactant off-label. The majority of infants who received surfactant off-label had a higher birth weight than those who received surfactant on-label (40 716 [37%]), had an older GA than those who received surfactant on-label (35 191 [32%]), or were treated with intubation and surfactant administration followed by immediate extubation (INSURE) (32 310 [29%]). Poractant alfa was administered via INSURE more frequently than beractant or calfactant (16 688 [38%], 7137 [20%], and 8485 [27%], respectively). An increasing number of infants received surfactant via INSURE from 2005 to 2015 (from 1697 [19%] to 3368 [36%]). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of surfactant given to preterm infants is administered off-label. The uptrend in administration via INSURE coincides with increased supporting evidence. The gap between FDA labeling and current clinic practice exemplifies an opportunity for label expansion, which may require additional prospective or retrospective safety and/or effectiveness data for infants of older GA and higher birth weight.
Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos/administração & dosagem , Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Fosfolipídeos/administração & dosagem , Surfactantes Pulmonares/administração & dosagem , Peso ao Nascer , Indústria Farmacêutica/tendências , Rotulagem de Medicamentos , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Doenças do Prematuro/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Uso Off-Label , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controle , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estados Unidos , United States Food and Drug AdministrationRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare respiratory compliance in late preterm infants (340/7-346/7 weeks) who received antenatal steroids vs matched late preterm infants who did not receive antenatal steroids. STUDY DESIGN: This was a single-center prospective cohort study. Patients were matched for birth weight, gestational age, race, and sex. Respiratory compliance was the primary outcome measured with the single breath occlusion technique. RESULTS: We studied 25 late preterm infants treated with antenatal steroids and 25 matched infants who did not receive antenatal steroids. The treated infants had a significantly increased respiratory compliance/kg (adjusted 95% CI 0.05, 0.49; P = .016) and fewer required continuous positive airway pressure (P = .007) or >24 hours of supplemental oxygen (P = .046). There was no difference in surfactant therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory compliance was significantly increased in this cohort of late preterm infants born at 340/7-346/7 weeks who received antenatal steroids compared with matched infants who did not receive antenatal steroids. Although not randomized, these data provide physiologic support for the possible beneficial effects of antenatal steroids in late preterm infants.
Assuntos
Betametasona/uso terapêutico , Terapias Fetais , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Complacência Pulmonar , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Coortes , Pressão Positiva Contínua nas Vias Aéreas/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Oxigenoterapia/estatística & dados numéricos , Gravidez , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Surfactantes Pulmonares/uso terapêutico , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controle , Testes de Função RespiratóriaRESUMO
Noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure significantly reduced the number of desaturations and bradycardia in preterm infants. However, noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation was associated with increased oxygen requirements and higher heart rates. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN12616001516471.
Assuntos
Bradicardia/prevenção & controle , Ventilação de Alta Frequência/métodos , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controle , Bradicardia/metabolismo , Estudos Cross-Over , Seguimentos , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Consumo de Oxigênio , Estudos Prospectivos , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/metabolismo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prenatal corticosteroid use in women experiencing spontaneous preterm labor and preterm delivery. METHODS: The present cross-sectional multicenter study analyzed interview data from patients attending 20 hospitals in Brazil owing to preterm delivery between April 1, 2011 and July 30, 2012. Patients were stratified based on preterm delivery occurring before 34 weeks or at 34-36+6 weeks of pregnancy, and the frequency of prenatal corticosteroid use at admission was compared. Prenatal corticosteroid use, sociodemographic data, obstetric characteristics, and neonatal outcomes were examined. RESULTS: There were 1455 preterm deliveries included in the present study; 527 (36.2%) occurred before 34 weeks of pregnancy and prenatal corticosteroids were used in 285 (54.1%) of these pregnancies. Among neonates delivered at 32-33+6 weeks, prenatal corticosteroid use was associated with lower pneumonia (P=0.026) and mortality (P=0.029) rates. Among neonates delivered at 34-36+6 weeks, prenatal corticosteroid use was associated with longer neonatal hospital admission (P<0.001), and an increased incidence of 5-minute Apgar scores below 7 (P=0.010), endotracheal intubation (P=0.042), surfactant use (P=0.006), neonatal morbidities (P=0.048), respiratory distress (P=0.048), and intraventricular hemorrhage (P=0.023). CONCLUSION: Preterm labor and late preterm delivery were associated with worse neonatal outcomes following prenatal corticosteroids. This could reflect a sub-optimal interval between administration and delivery.
Assuntos
Betametasona/uso terapêutico , Trabalho de Parto Prematuro , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Betametasona/efeitos adversos , Brasil , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/mortalidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Generar recomendaciones basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible respecto a la prevención y manejo de la displasia broncopulmonar en niños prematuros (menos de 1.500 gramos y/o menores de 32 semanas de gestación).
Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controle , Displasia Broncopulmonar/prevenção & controle , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Generar recomendaciones basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible acerca del manejo de recién nacidos con dificultad respiratoria.
Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controleRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is closely related to gestational age and mode of birth. Lowest gestational ages and caesarean section are associated with higher risk of developing respiratory distress syndrome. The efficacy of antenatal corticosteroids is well established in the induction of lung maturation in premature births. Its use could be a beneficial intervention in term fetuses that will be born by elective caesarean section. OBJECTIVE: To find the best evidence available to determine whether the use of antenatal corticosteroids reduces the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome in term babies born by elective caesarean section. METHODOLOGY: We searched the available medical literature in different databases: PubMed, LILACS, UpToDate, Trip database, SciELO and Cochrane. We considered controlled, randomized therapeutic studies, performed on humans, in which the intervention included corticosteroids as a treatment in elective term cesareans. RESULTS: We selected two studies. In both, the intervention was two doses of 12 mg of dexamethasone before the caesarean section. The primary objective in both studies was to analyze the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome and the admission of the newborn into intensive care units. In both studies, there was less incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, with statistically significant results. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the use of corticosteroids in elective term caesarean section reduces the incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and the admission into intensive care units. However, we evidenced certain weaknesses that could modify the internal validity of both studies, so it is necessary to develop new studies that could support these findings in order to modify clinical protocols in term elective caesarean sections.
INTRODUCCIÓN : El síndrome de distrés respiratorio neonatal se relaciona con la edad gestacional y vía de parto. Menor edad gestacional y parto vía cesárea se asocian a mayor riesgo. Con lo anterior, surge la necesidad de evaluar estrategias que reduzcan su incidencia. El uso de corticoides antenatales en la inducción de maduración pulmonar en partos prematuros, podría ser beneficioso en fetos de término en que se programe cesárea. OBJETIVO: Buscar evidencia bibliográfica que determine si el uso de corticoides antenatales disminuyen la incidencia de síndrome de distrés respiratorio en cesáreas electivas de término. MÉTODOS: Se realizó búsqueda de literatura médica en PubMed, LILACS, UpToDate, Trip, SciELO y Cochrane. Se incluyeron estudios terapéuticos aleatorizados y controlados, en humanos, cuya intervención fuera con corticoides en cesáreas electivas de término. RESULTADOS: Se seleccionaron dos estudios cuya intervención fueron dos dosis de 12 mg de dexametasona previas a la cesárea. El objetivo primario de ambos estudios fue analizar la incidencia de síndrome de distrés respiratorio y el ingreso a unidad de cuidados intensivos. En ambos hubo menor incidencia de síndrome de distrés respiratorio en el grupo tratado, con resultados estadísticamente significativos. CONCLUSIÓN: Se concluye que el uso de corticoides en cesáreas electivas de término disminuye la incidencia de distrés respiratorio e ingreso a unidad de cuidados intensivos. Sin embargo, evidenciamos debilidades que afectan la validez interna de ambos estudios, por lo que es necesario el desarrollo de nuevos estudios que avalen los resultados encontrados para poder cambiar las conductas clínicas en este grupo de estudio.
Assuntos
Cesárea/métodos , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Incidência , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Gravidez , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Nascimento a TermoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prenatal consumption of omega-3 fatty acids can act as an adjuvant in the development of the immune system and affect the inflammatory response of neonates. METHODS: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Cuernavaca, Mexico. We randomly assigned 1,094 pregnant women (18-35 years of age) to receive 400 mg/d of algal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or placebo from 18 to 22 weeks of gestation through delivery. Birth outcomes and respiratory symptoms information until 18 months were available for 869 mother-child pairs. Questionnaires were administered, and maternal blood samples were obtained at baseline. Maternal atopy was based on specific IgE levels. During follow-up, information on infants' respiratory symptoms was collected through questionnaires administered at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months of age. Negative binomial regression models were used to evaluate the effect of supplementation on respiratory symptoms in infants. RESULTS: Among infants of atopic mothers, a statistically significant protective effect of DHA treatment was observed on phlegm with nasal discharge or nasal congestion (0.78; 95% CI, 0.60-1.02) and fever with phlegm and nasal discharge or nasal congestion (0.53; 95% CI, 0.29-0.99), adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the hypothesis that DHA supplementation during pregnancy may decrease the incidence of respiratory symptoms in children with a history of maternal atopy. TRIAL REGISTRY: ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT00646360; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Complicações na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Nascimento Prematuro/prevenção & controle , Cuidado Pré-Natal/métodos , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Seguimentos , França , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Pré-Natal , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/epidemiologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study evaluated whether the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the delivery room alters the need for mechanical ventilation and surfactant during the first 5 days of life and modifies the incidence of respiratory morbidity and mortality during the hospital stay. The study was a multicenter randomized clinical trial conducted in five public university hospitals in Brazil, from June 2008 to December 2009. Participants were 197 infants with birth weight of 1000-1500 g and without major birth defects. They were treated according to the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics (APP). Infants not intubated or extubated less than 15 min after birth were randomized for two treatments, routine or CPAP, and were followed until hospital discharge. The routine (n=99) and CPAP (n=98) infants studied presented no statistically significant differences regarding birth characteristics, complications during the prenatal period, the need for mechanical ventilation during the first 5 days of life (19.2 vs 23.4%, P=0.50), use of surfactant (18.2 vs 17.3% P=0.92), or respiratory morbidity and mortality until discharge. The CPAP group required a greater number of doses of surfactant (1.5 vs 1.0, P=0.02). When CPAP was applied to the routine group, it was installed within a median time of 30 min. We found that CPAP applied less than 15 min after birth was not able to reduce the need for ventilator support and was associated with a higher number of doses of surfactant when compared to CPAP applied as clinically indicated within a median time of 30 min.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Pressão Positiva Contínua nas Vias Aéreas , Salas de Parto , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso/fisiologia , Surfactantes Pulmonares/uso terapêutico , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controle , Extubação , Brasil , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Intubação Intratraqueal , Tempo de Internação , Bem-Estar Materno , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Respiração ArtificialRESUMO
This study evaluated whether the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the delivery room alters the need for mechanical ventilation and surfactant during the first 5 days of life and modifies the incidence of respiratory morbidity and mortality during the hospital stay. The study was a multicenter randomized clinical trial conducted in five public university hospitals in Brazil, from June 2008 to December 2009. Participants were 197 infants with birth weight of 1000-1500 g and without major birth defects. They were treated according to the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics (APP). Infants not intubated or extubated less than 15 min after birth were randomized for two treatments, routine or CPAP, and were followed until hospital discharge. The routine (n=99) and CPAP (n=98) infants studied presented no statistically significant differences regarding birth characteristics, complications during the prenatal period, the need for mechanical ventilation during the first 5 days of life (19.2 vs 23.4%, P=0.50), use of surfactant (18.2 vs 17.3% P=0.92), or respiratory morbidity and mortality until discharge. The CPAP group required a greater number of doses of surfactant (1.5 vs 1.0, P=0.02). When CPAP was applied to the routine group, it was installed within a median time of 30 min. We found that CPAP applied less than 15 min after birth was not able to reduce the need for ventilator support and was associated with a higher number of doses of surfactant when compared to CPAP applied as clinically indicated within a median time of 30 min.
Assuntos
Pressão Positiva Contínua nas Vias Aéreas , Salas de Parto , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso/fisiologia , Surfactantes Pulmonares/uso terapêutico , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controle , Extubação , Brasil , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Recém-Nascido , Intubação Intratraqueal , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Bem-Estar Materno , Gravidez , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Respiração Artificial/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Antenatal corticosteroids administered to women at risk of preterm birth is an intervention which has been proved to reduce the risk of respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, and neonatal mortality. There is a significant gap in the literature regarding the prevalence of the use of antenatal corticosteroids in Latin American countries and the attitudes and opinions of providers regarding this practice. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of health care providers regarding the use of antenatal corticosteroids in women at risk of preterm birth in Latin America. METHODS: This was a multicenter, prospective, descriptive study conducted in maternity hospitals in Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico and Uruguay. Physicians and midwives who provide prenatal care or intrapartum care for women delivering in the selected hospitals were approached using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used. RESULTS: The percentage of use of ACT in threatened preterm labour (TPL) reported by providers varies from 70% in Mexico to 97% in Ecuador. However, 60% to 20% of the providers mentioned that they would not use this medication in women at risk and would limit its use when there was a threatened preterm labour. In only one country recommended regimens of antenatal corticosteroids are followed by around 90% of providers whereas in the other three countries recommended regimens are followed by only 21%, 61%, 69% of providers. Around 40% of providers mentioned that they would administer a new dose of corticosteroids again, regardless the patient already receiving an entire regimen. Between 11% and 35% of providers, according to the countries, mentioned that they do not have adequate information on the correct use of this medication. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the use of this intervention could be improved by increasing the knowledge of Latin American providers on its indications, benefits, and regimens.