RESUMO
Abusive head trauma (AHT) is a serious form of child maltreatment that needs to be prevented. The aim of this study was to summarize the main AHT prevention strategies described in literature, aiming to identify evidence of their efficiency, as well as strengths and limitations. International databases were reviewed from 2005 to 2015 using the key words Shaken Baby Syndrome or abusive head trauma or nonaccidental head trauma or abusive head injury or nonaccidental head injury and prevention. A total of 1,215 articles were found and 34 complete articles were selected for this study. Five initiatives with the main objective of reducing infant crying in the first months of life were found, three aimed at caregiver's emotional regulation and 12 aimed at raising parents and caregivers awareness on AHT. Among them, parental education about infant crying and risks of shaking a baby stands out for its empirical evidence.
Assuntos
Maus-Tratos Infantis/prevenção & controle , Síndrome do Bebê Sacudido/prevenção & controle , Cuidadores/psicologia , Pré-Escolar , Choro , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Pais/psicologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Fornecer uma revisão de literatura científica sobre trauma craniano violento pediátrico enquanto forma de maus-tratos físicos contra bebês e crianças, ressaltando prevalência, sinais e sintomas, consequências, fatores de risco para sua ocorrência e, principalmente, estratégias de prevenção. FONTES DOS DADOS: Revisão nas bases de dados MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS e Web of Science no período de 2001 a 2012 utilizando os termos "síndrome do bebê sacudido" e "trauma craniano violento" em inglês, espanhol e português. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: O trauma craniano violento é definido como a lesão ao crânio ou ao conteúdo intracraniano de um bebê ou criança menor de cinco anos devido a um impacto brusco intencional e/ou a uma sacudida violenta. Ocorre principalmente com bebês e crianças menores de um ano de idade, e pode resultar em consequências graves, desde deficiências físicas ou mentais até a morte. Apesar de haver sinais específicos para esta forma de maus-tratos, eles podem se confundir com doenças comuns em crianças ou traumas cranianos acidentais, sendo imprescindível o preparo clínico dos profissionais envolvidos na avaliação dos casos para o diagnóstico correto. As estratégias de prevenção devem incluir tanto a identificação precoce dos casos, como a educação parental sobre o desenvolvimento infantil, especialmente sobre o padrão de choro do bebê. CONCLUSÕES: Considerando a gravidade do trauma craniano violento pediátrico, é fundamental que estratégias de prevenção sejam implementadas e avaliadas no contexto brasileiro. Sugere-se que indicadores de sua incidência sejam pesquisados nacionalmente.
OBJECTIVE: To review the scientific literature on pediatric abusive head trauma as a form of physical abuse against infants and young children, highlighting the prevalence, signs and symptoms, consequences, risk factors for its occurrence, and prevention strategies. DATA SOURCE: The MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, and Web of Science databases from 2001 to 2012 were reviewed, using the terms "shaken baby syndrome" and "abusive head trauma" in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. DATA SYNTHESIS: Pediatric abusive head trauma is defined as injury to the skull or intracranial contents of a infant or child younger than 5 years due to intentional abrupt impact and/or violent shaking. It occurs mainly in infants and children under 1 year of age, and may result in severe consequences, from physical or mental disabilities to death. Although there are specific signs for this form of abuse, they can be mistaken for common illnesses in children or accidental head injury; thus, clinical training of professionals involved in the assessment of cases to attain the correct diagnosis is crucial. Prevention strategies should include early identification of cases, as well as parental education on child development, especially on the infant's crying pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the severity of abusive head trauma in children, it is critical that prevention strategies be implemented and evaluated in the Brazilian context. It is suggested that its incidence indicators be assessed at the national level.
Assuntos
Criança , Humanos , Maus-Tratos Infantis/prevenção & controle , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/prevenção & controle , Síndrome do Bebê Sacudido/prevenção & controle , Choro , Incidência , Fatores de Risco , Síndrome do Bebê Sacudido/epidemiologia , Violência/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Caring for young infants can be stressful. Non-accidental brain or head injury (shaken baby syndrome) is a result of parental stress, and a lack of knowledge of how to respond to a crying infant and the dangers of shaking a child. This article demonstrates the value of international collaboration in projects to prevent child maltreatment. It includes reports of prevention of shaken baby syndrome programmes in Australia, Hungary, Greece, Brazil and Turkey.
Assuntos
Síndrome do Bebê Sacudido/prevenção & controle , Austrália , Brasil , Feminino , Grécia , Humanos , Hungria , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Cooperação Internacional , Masculino , TurquiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To review the scientific literature on pediatric abusive head trauma as a form of physical abuse against infants and young children, highlighting the prevalence, signs and symptoms, consequences, risk factors for its occurrence, and prevention strategies. DATA SOURCE: The MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS, and Web of Science databases from 2001 to 2012 were reviewed, using the terms "shaken baby syndrome" and "abusive head trauma" in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. DATA SYNTHESIS: Pediatric abusive head trauma is defined as injury to the skull or intracranial contents of a infant or child younger than 5 years due to intentional abrupt impact and/or violent shaking. It occurs mainly in infants and children under 1 year of age, and may result in severe consequences, from physical or mental disabilities to death. Although there are specific signs for this form of abuse, they can be mistaken for common illnesses in children or accidental head injury; thus, clinical training of professionals involved in the assessment of cases to attain the correct diagnosis is crucial. Prevention strategies should include early identification of cases, as well as parental education on child development, especially on the infant's crying pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the severity of abusive head trauma in children, it is critical that prevention strategies be implemented and evaluated in the Brazilian context. It is suggested that its incidence indicators be assessed at the national level.
Assuntos
Maus-Tratos Infantis/prevenção & controle , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/prevenção & controle , Síndrome do Bebê Sacudido/prevenção & controle , Criança , Choro , Humanos , Incidência , Fatores de Risco , Síndrome do Bebê Sacudido/epidemiologia , Violência/prevenção & controleRESUMO
El abuso infantil es la causa más común de lesión cefálica grave en los niños de corta edad. A pesar de ello, el traumatismo cefálico abusivo con frecuencia es subdiagnosticado y subinformado. Esto se relaciona parcialmente con el entrenamiento inadecuado que los profesionales de la salud reciben en el reconocimiento y enfoque del abuso infantil. Actualmente, está disponible el contenido curricular para las universidades médicas y programas de residencia. Dadas las altas tasas de muerte y deterioro neurológico grave asociado con el traumatismo cefálico abusivo, la prevención se ha convertido en el centro de atención. Algunas estrategias de prevención mostraron resultados promisorios en mejorar la educación de los padres y en reducir la incidencia de lesiones. Este artículo revisa la epidemiología, las características clínicas y el desenlace del traumatismo cefálico abusivo en los niños de corta edad. También analiza las estrategias de prevención, como la educación y el contenido curricular para los profesionales de la salud.(AU)
Child abuse is the most common cause of serious head injury in young children. Despite this, abusive headtrauma is often under-recognized and under-reported. This is partly related to the inadequate trainingthat health professionals receive in child abuse recognition and management. Published curricula are nowavailable for medical school and residency education. Given the high rates of death and serious neurolo-gical impairment associated with abusive head trauma, prevention has become a focus. Some preventionstrategies show promising results in improving parent education and reducing the incidence of injury. Thisarticle reviews the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of abusive head trauma in youngchildren. It also discusses prevention strategies, including education and curricula for health professionals.(AU)
Assuntos
Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis/diagnóstico , Maus-Tratos Infantis/tendências , Maus-Tratos Infantis/terapia , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/diagnóstico , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/prevenção & controle , Síndrome do Bebê Sacudido/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Bebê Sacudido/prevenção & controleRESUMO
El abuso infantil es la causa más común de lesión cefálica grave en los niños de corta edad. A pesar de ello, el traumatismo cefálico abusivo con frecuencia es subdiagnosticado y subinformado. Esto se relaciona parcialmente con el entrenamiento inadecuado que los profesionales de la salud reciben en el reconocimiento y enfoque del abuso infantil. Actualmente, está disponible el contenido curricular para las universidades médicas y programas de residencia. Dadas las altas tasas de muerte y deterioro neurológico grave asociado con el traumatismo cefálico abusivo, la prevención se ha convertido en el centro de atención. Algunas estrategias de prevención mostraron resultados promisorios en mejorar la educación de los padres y en reducir la incidencia de lesiones. Este artículo revisa la epidemiología, las características clínicas y el desenlace del traumatismo cefálico abusivo en los niños de corta edad. También analiza las estrategias de prevención, como la educación y el contenido curricular para los profesionales de la salud.
Child abuse is the most common cause of serious head injury in young children. Despite this, abusive headtrauma is often under-recognized and under-reported. This is partly related to the inadequate trainingthat health professionals receive in child abuse recognition and management. Published curricula are nowavailable for medical school and residency education. Given the high rates of death and serious neurolo-gical impairment associated with abusive head trauma, prevention has become a focus. Some preventionstrategies show promising results in improving parent education and reducing the incidence of injury. Thisarticle reviews the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of abusive head trauma in youngchildren. It also discusses prevention strategies, including education and curricula for health professionals.
Assuntos
Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis/diagnóstico , Maus-Tratos Infantis/tendências , Maus-Tratos Infantis/terapia , Síndrome do Bebê Sacudido/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Bebê Sacudido/prevenção & controle , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/diagnóstico , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The purpose of the study was to determine if an educational program for parents of newborns can be useful to prevent Shaken Baby Syndrome in Puerto Rican families. Staff training was performed, parents observed an educational video & infant crying management strategies were discussed. Pre-post tests, follow up phone calls and medical chart reviews (53%) were conducted. A total of 65 newborns participated (62 mothers, 11 fathers). Parents reported that 50% had college studies, 78.7% lived together and 83.1% had government insurance. Pre-post tests demonstrated increase in knowledge (p < 0.05). Over 75% were contacted; 94% recalled learned strategies & 98% reported the infants had been well. Two infants were removed from home; no incidents of head trauma were reported. Almost half (44.5%) indicated taking care of the baby was difficult; managing the baby's crying was most difficult. All reported the program helped them. The program should be offered in other hospitals.
Assuntos
Pais/educação , Síndrome do Bebê Sacudido/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa que objetiva investigar o conhecimento da equipe de Saúde da Família sobre a prevenção da Síndrome do Bebê Sacudido. A coleta de dados ocorreu mediante aplicação de questionário com 142 profissionais das Unidades de Saúde da Família na cidade de Surubim-PE. Os resultados revelaram que 97% não conheciam a síndrome, impossibilitando então, a correlação com o hábito cultural da comunidade em sacudir ou balançar uma criança ou bebê e a ocorrência da síndrome.