RESUMO
Nicolau syndrome is a rare complication of the parenteral application of various drugs. It is characterized by the appearance of pain, followed by edema, erythema, and then a necrotic plaque. We present the case of a 31-year-old male with this syndrome, after the application of intramuscular benzathine penicillin. The diagnosis was supported by the biopsy. He received treatment with enoxaparin and cilostazol with subsequent improvement.
El síndrome de Nicolau es una complicación infrecuente de la aplicación parenteral de diversos fármacos. Se caracteriza por la aparición de dolor, seguido de edema, eritema y luego una placa necrótica. Se reporta el caso de un hombre de 31 años que presenta este síndrome luego de la aplicación de penicilina benzatínica intramuscular. La biopsia apoyó el diagnóstico. Recibió tratamiento con enoxaparina y cilostazol con posterior mejoría.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Nicolau , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Síndrome de Nicolau/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Nicolau/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome de Nicolau/etiologia , Injeções Intramusculares/efeitos adversos , Penicilina G Benzatina/uso terapêutico , Necrose/complicações , Necrose/tratamento farmacológicoAssuntos
Toxidermias , Síndrome de Nicolau , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Pele , Injeções Intramusculares , NecroseRESUMO
Background: Wounds that occur with tissue necrosis and that result from the application of medications through the most diverse accesses are described as drug skin medical embolism or Nicholas syndrome in human medicine, with wide description. In veterinary medicine, this subject has not yet been described extensively and specifically in veterinary medicine, especially regarding to wounds that occurred after the application of non-intravenous medications in horses, even though these lesions are recurrent in the clinical routine. This report aims to describe a case of skin necrosis in a horse, due to phenylbutazone infection. Case: A 7 year-old Mangalarga Marchador horse, weighing 400 kg, was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital for Large Animals of the Universiade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), with a history of phenylbutazone injection to the left side of the neck. The animal had an extensive wound on the neck and face on the left side and was characterized by the presence of cold and devitalized skin, with a hardened and parched appearance and that easily detached. During the anamnesis, a single administration of 10 mL of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug based on phenylbutazone was reported intramuscularly for about 10 days to control the pain resulting from the claudication present for 14 days. The medication was administered in the region of the lateral border of the neck, on the left side. After drug administration, the animal presented an increase in volume at the application site. After 24 h, the lesion spread from the inoculation region, extending to the head and chest of the animal. During debridement, it was found that the lesion did not reach the underlying muscle tissue. In addition to the wound, the animal had upper eyelid palsy, lower lip, and auricular ptosis. Treatment with surgical debridement of devitalized tissue, topical application of ozonated sunflower oil, ketanserin, and a free skin graft was instituted. During hospitalization, the animal had a corneal ulcer in the left eye with an unfavorable prognosis due to paralysis of the upper eyelid, with enucleation of the affected eyeball. The animal was under veterinary care for 180 days and was discharged when his wound was already in an advanced stage of healing. Discussion: The history of the application of phenylbutazone intramuscularly and the location and characteristics of the lesion presented by the patient in the present report suggest that this animal presented aseptic tissue necrosis resulting from the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, phenylbutazone. Although aseptic tissue necrosis, better known as Nicolau's syndrome or drug embolism cutis, is widely characterized and described in this species, there are studies in the literature that reproduce the syndrome in pigs and rabbits. Phenylbutazone was able to cause arterial damage, mainly in the tunica intima of the artery in which the medication was administered, with perivascular inflammatory infiltrate and subsequent skin necrosis at the site of administration. In addition to the skin lesion, the animal started to show signs compatible with the left facial nerve lesion, evidenced by the immobility of the upper eyelid and labial and ear ptosis. This resulted in corneal ulceration and subsequent enucleation. The animal also developed chewing difficulty in the first months of hospitalization. This dysfunction may be due to a lesion of the mandibular nerve, responsible for innervating the masticatory muscles and the oral mucosa. However, the animal showed improvement in this aspect, no longer showing this condition after 90 days of hospitalization. The treatment used was successful in healing the wound.
Assuntos
Animais , Fenilbutazona/efeitos adversos , Gangrena/veterinária , Cavalos/lesões , Síndrome de Nicolau/veterinária , Doença Iatrogênica/veterináriaRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: El síndrome de Nicolau (SN), conocido como embolia cutis medicamentosa o dermatitis livedoide es un acontecimiento adverso debido a la administración de inyecciones intramusculares, intraarteriales, subcutánea e incluso intraarticulares asociado a diversos fármacos1. Se desconoce toda la patogenia de este síndrome, pero se ha asociado a lesión vascular, trombosis arterial, espasmo reflejo de las arterias, oclusión vascular por microembolia e inflamación. Caso clínico: Paciente masculino de 32 años de edad, luego de inyección intramuscular de penicilina benzatínica presenta dolor intenso en área de inyección que se acompaña de lesiones eritematosas a nivel de abdomen, escroto y miembro inferior derecho además de presentar dolor, pareste-sia, palidez moteado eritematoso (livedo) y disminución de pulsos en dicha extremidad por lo que se diagnostica isquemia aguda (IA) que requirió tratamien-to fibrinolitico, entre otros fármacos. Conclusión: El síndrome de Nicolau es una condición iatrogénica que puede ser producida por inyección de múltiples medicamentos, puede presentar diferentes síntomas y signos como lesión neurológica, necrosis en área de irrigación de vasos afectados e incluso isquemia aguda. En este caso el manejo con rt-PA fue efectivo en tratar la isquemia. El conocimiento de este síndrome y sus complicaciones facilitaría su manejo2.Palabras claves: Síndrome Nicolau, bencilpenicilina, anticoagulante, rt-PA
ABSTRACT Introduction: Nicolau syndrome (NS), known as cutaneous embolism or livedoid dermatitis, is an adverse event due to the administration of intramuscular, intraarterial, subcutaneous and intraarticular injections associated with various drugs1. The entire pathogenesis of this syndrome is unknown, but it has been associated with vascular injury, arterial thrombosis, reflex spasm of the arteries, vascular occlusion due to microemboli, and inflammation. Clinical case: 32-year-old male. After an intramuscular injection of benzathine penicillin, the patient presented severe pain in the injection area accompanied by erythem-atous lesions at the level of the abdomen, scrotum, and right lower limb. In addition to that, the patient presented pain, paresthesia, and mottled paleness erythema (livedo). Moreover, the patient had a decreased pulse in the right limb, acute ischemia was diagnosed and required fibrinolitic treatment, among other drugs. Conclusion: Nicolau Syndrome, is an iatrogenic condition that is produced by injection of multiple drugs. It can produce different symptoms and signs from neurological injury, necrosis in the irrigation area of affected vessels and acute ischemia. rt-PA management in this case was effective in treating ischemia. It is essential to know about this syndrome and its complications. This would facilitate its management2.Keywords: Nicolau syndrome, benzylpenicillin, anticoagulant, rt-PA.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Penicilina G Benzatina , Terapêutica , Síndrome de Nicolau , Anticoagulantes , Trombose , Ferimentos e LesõesRESUMO
El síndrome de Nicolau o Embolia cutis medicamentosa o Dermatitis livedoide, es un síndrome raro en pediatría que se presenta como complicación de una inyección intramuscular con múltiples grados de daño tisular, in- cluyendo la necrosis de la piel y de los tejidos profundos. Reportamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 2 años de edad, sin antecedentes patológicos que acudió a la emergencia de pediatría del Hospital "Mario Catarino Rivas" (HMCR) en San Pedro Sula, Cortes, con historia de presentar lesión necrótica en la extremidad inferior y glúteo izquierdo, dolorosa a la palpación, que apa- reció posterior a la administración de un medicamen- to compuesto por vía intramuscular. Al examen físico se encontró una extensa placa necrótica dolorosa a la palpación y a la movilización del miembro, con pulsos periféricos conservados y sin frialdad distal. A través de abordaje multidisciplinario se brindó limpieza qui- rúrgica, cobertura antibiótica, manejo antitrombótico e injerto, con evolución favorable, por lo que resalta- mos que la identificación y manejo multidisciplinario oportuno es fundamental, como lo fue en este caso...(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Penicilina G Benzatina , Síndrome de Nicolau/diagnóstico , Injeções Intramusculares/métodos , Necrose/complicaçõesRESUMO
Introducción: el síndrome de Nicolau, embolia cutis o dermatitis livedoide, es una reacción adversa poco frecuente a la administración de inyección intramuscular, subcutánea o intraarticular de medicamentos, inicia con dolor intenso y eritema que evoluciona a lesión livedoide que se torna hemorrágica, progresa a necrosis isquémica de piel y tejidos más profundos. Caso clínico: niño de 7 meses de edad, luego de inyección intramuscular de metamizol sódico presenta llanto continuo, seguido de lesión purpúrica afectando espalda, glúteo, muslo y pierna derechos, evolucionando hasta cicatrización total en 18 semanas. Conclusión: el síndrome de Nicolau, condición iatrogénica por inyección de múltiples medicamentos, produce lesión necrótica en área de irrigación de vasos afectados. El conocimiento de este síndrome facilitaría su prevención, al igual que su diagnóstico y manejo tempranos
Introduction: Nicolau syndrome, embolism cutis or livedoid dermatitis, is a rare adverse reaction to the administration of intramuscular, subcutaneous or intra-articular injection of drugs, begins with intense pain and erythema that progresses to a livedoid lesion that becomes hemorrhagic, progresses to ischemic necrosis of skin and deeper tissues. Clinical case: A 7-month-old boy, after intramuscular injection of sodium metamizole, presented continuous crying followed by a purpuric lesion affecting the right back, gluteus, thigh and leg, evolving to total healing in 18 weeks. Conclusion: Nicolau Syndrome, iatrogenic condition by injection of multiple drugs, produces necrotic lesion in irrigated area of affected vessels. The knowledge of this syndrome would facilitate its prevention, as well as its early diagnosis and management.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Síndrome de Nicolau , Extremidade Inferior , Injeções IntramuscularesRESUMO
El síndrome de Nicolau, también conocido como embolia cutis medicamentosa o dermatitis livedoide, es una reacción cutánea infrecuente, caracterizada por una necrosis de la piel y los tejidos blandos de aparición súbita luego de la aplicación intramuscular de algunas drogas. Presentamos a un bebé de 6 meses de edad que, al recibir la tercera dosis de la vacuna séxtuple intramuscular, desarrolló una lesión necrótica con reticulado violáceo periférico en el sitio de aplicación. Se destaca la importancia del diagnóstico precoz a fin de instaurar un adecuado tratamiento y seguimiento para evitar complicaciones secundarias a la isquemia.
Nicolau syndrome, also known as embolia cutis medicamentosa or livedo-like dermatitis, is a sudden tissue necrosis, a rare complication of intramuscular injection of some drugs. We report a case of a 6-month-old girl who received intramuscularly the third dose of hexavalent vaccine (DTaP-HVB-IPV/HIb), and immediately presented a livedoid lesion around the injection site, progressing to necrosis. We reinforce the importance of early diagnosis to perform a suitable treatment and clinical follow-up to avoid ischemic secondary complications.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Lactente , Síndrome de Nicolau/etiologia , Vacina Antipólio de Vírus Inativado/administração & dosagem , Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Combinadas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Anti-Haemophilus/administração & dosagem , Injeções Intramusculares/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Nicolau syndrome, also known as embolia cutis medicamentosa or livedo-like dermatitis, is a sudden tissue necrosis, a rare complication of intramuscular injection of some drugs. We report a case of a 6-month-old girl who received intramuscularly the third dose of hexavalent vaccine (DTaP- HVB-IPV/HIb), and immediately presented a livedoid lesion around the injection site, progressing to necrosis. We reinforce the importance of early diagnosis to perform a suitable treatment and clinical follow-up to avoid ischemic secondary complications.
El síndrome de Nicolau, también conocido como embolia cutis medicamentosa o dermatitis livedoide, es una reacción cutánea infrecuente, caracterizada por una necrosis de la piel y los tejidos blandos de aparición súbita luego de la aplicación intramuscular de algunas drogas. Presentamos a un bebé de 6 meses de edad que, al recibir la tercera dosis de la vacuna séxtuple intramuscular, desarrolló una lesión necrótica con reticulado violáceo periférico en el sitio de aplicación. Se destaca la importancia del diagnóstico precoz a fin de instaurar un adecuado tratamiento y seguimiento para evitar complicaciones secundarias a la isquemia.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Nicolau/etiologia , Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Vacinas Anti-Haemophilus/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Lactente , Injeções Intramusculares/efeitos adversos , Vacina Antipólio de Vírus Inativado/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Combinadas/administração & dosagemRESUMO
El síndrome de Nicolau (SN) es una complicación rara de la inyección de ciertos fármacos por vía intramuscular, intrarticular o subcutánea, que produce necrosis isquémica de la piel, las partes blandas y el tejido muscular circundante. La bencilpenicilina benzatínica es uno de los antibióticos más ampliamente empleados para las infecciones de las vías respiratorias altas y raramente se ha notificado que produzca SN. En este artículo presentamos el caso de un niño de sexo masculino de cuatro años de edad diagnosticado con SN tras la inyección de bencilpenicilina benzatínica tratado satisfactoriamente con heparina fraccionada (enoxaparina) y pentoxifilina. Los médicos deben estar atentos al uso innecesario de bencilpenicilina benzatínica para evitar las probables complicaciones.
Nicolau syndrome (NS) is a rare complication of intramuscular, intraarticular or subcutaneous injection of particular drugs leading to ischemic necrosis of the surrounding skin, soft tissue and muscular tissue. Benzathine penicilin one of the most widely used antibiotic for upper respiratory tract infections and has been rarely reported to cause NS. Here we describe a 4 year old boy with diagnosis of NS after the injection of benzathine penicillin who was successfuly treated with unfractionized heparin (enoxaparine) and pentoxifylline. The practitioners should pay attention for unnecessary use of benzathine penicillin to avoid from probable complications.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Penicilina G Benzatina/administração & dosagem , Vasodilatadores/uso terapêutico , Síndrome de Nicolau/etiologia , Síndrome de Nicolau/tratamento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Injeções Intramusculares/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Nicolau syndrome (NS) is a rare complication of intramuscular, intraarticular or subcutaneous injection of particular drugs leading to ischemic necrosis of the surrounding skin, soft tissue and muscular tissue. Benzathine penicilin one of the most widely used antibiotic for upper respiratory tract infections and has been rarely reported to cause NS. Here we describe a 4 year old boy with diagnosis of NS after the injection of benzathine penicillin who was successfuly treated with unfractionized heparin (enoxaparine) and pentoxifylline. The practitioners should pay attention for unnecessary use of benzathine penicillin to avoid from probable complications.
El síndrome de Nicolau (SN) es una complicación rara de la inyección de ciertos fármacos por vía intramuscular, intrarticular o subcutánea, que produce necrosis isquémica de la piel, las partes blandas y el tejido muscular circundante. La bencilpenicilina benzatínica es uno de los antibióticos más ampliamente empleados para las infecciones de las vías respiratorias altas y raramente se ha notificado que produzca SN. En este artículo presentamos el caso de un niño de sexo masculino de cuatro años de edad diagnosticado con SN tras la inyección de bencilpenicilina benzatínica tratado satisfactoriamente con heparina fraccionada (enoxaparina) y pentoxifilina. Los médicos deben estar atentos al uso innecesario de bencilpenicilina benzatínica para evitar las probables complicaciones.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Síndrome de Nicolau/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome de Nicolau/etiologia , Penicilina G Benzatina/administração & dosagem , Vasodilatadores/uso terapêutico , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Injeções Intramusculares/efeitos adversos , MasculinoRESUMO
We report on the case of a 40-year-old male who was admitted to the clinic with a large ulcer on his left buttock, 3 days after an intramuscular benzathine penicillin injection. The patient was diagnosed with Nicolau syndrome, a rare vascular complication in which a lesion develops after intramuscular injection. Symptoms are intense pain at the injection site, erythema, and livedoid dermatitis, which leads to necrosis of skin, subcutaneous tissue and muscle tissue. It was described by Nicolau after intramuscular injections of bismuth salt for syphillis therapy. Nicolau syndrome is rare, but its symptoms are devastating and healthcare professionals must be aware of this clinical entity, since intramuscular injections are common procedures for administration of drugs.
Relatamos o caso de um homem de 40 anos apresentando uma grande úlcera na nádega esquerda 3 dias após receber injeção intramuscular de penicilina benzatina. O paciente foi diagnosticado com síndrome de Nicolau, uma rara complicação vascular com lesão após injeções intramusculares. Os sintomas incluem dor intensa no local da injeção, eritema e dermatite livedoide, o que leva a necrose da pele, do tecido subcutâneo e do tecido muscular. Foi descrita por Nicolau após injeções intramusculares de sal de bismuto para o tratamento de sífilis. A síndrome de Nicolau é incomum, mas seus sintomas são devastadores. Portanto, os profissionais de saúde precisam conhecer essa entidade clínica, uma vez que as injeções intramusculares são procedimentos comuns para a administração de drogas.