RESUMO

This study evaluated the seroprevalence and associated factors of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), and to analyze the possible relationship between IBR, BVD, and the occurrence of mastitis. For this purpose, 854 crossbred dairy cows were evaluated from 69 properties allocated in the 12 municipalities that make up the Caparaó region, Espírito Santo (ES), Brazil. The seroprevalence of IBR and BVD was determined using the indirect ELISA test. Associations between variables were estimated using the prevalence ratio (PR) with a 95% confidence interval. The chi-square test was used to verify the significance of the associations (P < 0.05). The average prevalence of IBR and BVD was 48.59% and 26.46%, respectively. Animals seroreactive for IBR were more likely to develop subclinical mastitis (P < 0.01; PR: 1.27), and cows that were seroreactive for BVD were more likely to develop clinical mastitis (P < 0.01; PR: 2.24). Mechanical milking was considered a factor associated with IBR (P < 0.01; PR: 1.36) and BVD (P < 0.01; PR: 1.25). Reproductive management by natural breeding was considered a factor associated with IBR (P < 0.01; PR: 1.22). Animals seroreactive for BVD were more likely to develop reproductive problems (P < 0.01; PR: 1.34). It was concluded that the agents that cause IBR and BVD are widely disseminated in dairy cattle herds in the municipalities of the Caparaó region, ES, Brazil. The presence of IBR and BVD increased the chances of cows developing subclinical mastitis and clinical mastitis, respectively, and the cows that were mechanically milked were more likely to be seroreactive for IBR and BVD.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a soroprevalência e os fatores de risco associados à Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina (IBR) e Diarreia Viral Bovina (BVD), e analisar a possível relação entre IBR, BVD e à ocorrência de mastite. Para tanto, foram avaliadas 854 vacas leiteiras mestiças de 69 propriedades localizadas nos 12 municípios que compõem a região do Caparaó, Espírito Santo (ES), Brasil. A soroprevalência de IBR e BVD foram determinadas pelo teste ELISA indireto. As associações entre variáveis ​​foram estimadas pela razão de prevalência (PR) com intervalo de confiança de 95%. O teste do qui-quadrado foi utilizado para verificar a significância das associações (P < 0,05). A prevalência média de IBR e BVD foi de 48% e 26%, respectivamente. Os animais sororreagentes para IBR foram mais propensos a desenvolver mastite subclínica (P < 0,01; PR: 1,27), e as vacas sororreagentes para BVD foram mais propensas a desenvolver mastite clínica (P < 0,01; PR: 2,24). À ordenha mecânica foi considerada um fator associado a IBR (P < 0,01; PR: 1,36) e BVD (P < 0,01; PR: 1,25). O manejo reprodutivo por monta natural foi considerado um fator associado IBR (P < 0,01; PR: 1,22). Os animais sororreagentes para BVD foram mais propensos a desenvolverem problemas reprodutivos (P < 0,01; PR: 1,34). Concluiu-se que os agentes causadores de IBR e BVD estão amplamente disseminados em rebanhos leiteiros nos municípios da região de Caparaó, ES, Brasil. A presença de IBR e BVD aumentaram as chances das vacas desenvolverem mastite subclínica e mastite clínica, respectivamente, e as vacas que foram ordenhadas mecanicamente apresentaram maior probabilidade de serem sororreagente para IBR e BVD.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study evaluated the seroprevalence and associated factors of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), and to analyze the possible relationship between IBR, BVD, and the occurrence of mastitis. For this purpose, 854 crossbred dairy cows were evaluated from 69 properties allocated in the 12 municipalities that make up the Caparaó region, Espírito Santo (ES), Brazil. The seroprevalence of IBR and BVD was determined using the indirect ELISA test. Associations between variables were estimated using the prevalence ratio (PR) with a 95% confidence interval. The chi-square test was used to verify the significance of the associations (P < 0.05). The average prevalence of IBR and BVD was 48.59% and 26.46%, respectively. Animals seroreactive for IBR were more likely to develop subclinical mastitis (P < 0.01; PR: 1.27), and cows that were seroreactive for BVD were more likely to develop clinical mastitis (P < 0.01; PR: 2.24). Mechanical milking was considered a factor associated with IBR (P < 0.01; PR: 1.36) and BVD (P < 0.01; PR: 1.25). Reproductive management by natural breeding was considered a factor associated with IBR (P < 0.01; PR: 1.22). Animals seroreactive for BVD were more likely to develop reproductive problems (P < 0.01; PR: 1.34). It was concluded that the agents that cause IBR and BVD are widely disseminated in dairy cattle herds in the municipalities of the Caparaó region, ES, Brazil. The presence of IBR and BVD increased the chances of cows developing subclinical mastitis and clinical mastitis, respectively, and the cows that were mechanically milked were more likely to be seroreactive for IBR and BVD.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a soroprevalência e os fatores de risco associados à Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina (IBR) e Diarreia Viral Bovina (BVD), e analisar a possível relação entre IBR, BVD e à ocorrência de mastite. Para tanto, foram avaliadas 854 vacas leiteiras mestiças de 69 propriedades localizadas nos 12 municípios que compõem a região do Caparaó, Espírito Santo (ES), Brasil. A soroprevalência de IBR e BVD foram determinadas pelo teste ELISA indireto. As associações entre variáveis ​​foram estimadas pela razão de prevalência (PR) com intervalo de confiança de 95%. O teste do qui-quadrado foi utilizado para verificar a significância das associações (P < 0,05). A prevalência média de IBR e BVD foi de 48% e 26%, respectivamente. Os animais sororreagentes para IBR foram mais propensos a desenvolver mastite subclínica (P < 0,01; PR: 1,27), e as vacas sororreagentes para BVD foram mais propensas a desenvolver mastite clínica (P < 0,01; PR: 2,24). À ordenha mecânica foi considerada um fator associado a IBR (P < 0,01; PR: 1,36) e BVD (P < 0,01; PR: 1,25). O manejo reprodutivo por monta natural foi considerado um fator associado IBR (P < 0,01; PR: 1,22). Os animais sororreagentes para BVD foram mais propensos a desenvolverem problemas reprodutivos (P < 0,01; PR: 1,34). Concluiu-se que os agentes causadores de IBR e BVD estão amplamente disseminados em rebanhos leiteiros nos municípios da região de Caparaó, ES, Brasil. A presença de IBR e BVD aumentaram as chances das vacas desenvolverem mastite subclínica e mastite clínica, respectivamente, e as vacas que foram ordenhadas mecanicamente apresentaram maior probabilidade de serem sororreagente para IBR e BVD.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A cross-sectional study was carried out to estimate the animal- and herd-level prevalence of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) infection in cattle in the State of Paraíba, and to identify risk factors associated with herd-level infection. The state was divided into three sampling strata, and for each stratum, the prevalence of herds infected with BoHV-1 was estimated through a two-stage sampling survey carried out from September 2012 to January 2013. In total, 2443 animals were sampled from 478 herds. A virus-neutralization test was used for BoHV-1 antibody detection. A Bayesian latent-class model was used to describe the data, taking into account imperfect diagnostic test characteristics and the non-independence of test results from animals within the same herd, and using a dynamic within-model risk factor selection method based on indicator variable selection. The adjusted herd-level prevalence was estimated to be 84% (95% CI: 80-88%) for the State of Paraíba, and the animal-level prevalence was estimated to be 73% (95% CI: 66-84%). Only five of the available risk factors were used by the model, with the three most influential being disposal of aborted foetuses (3.78, 95% CI: 1.11-13.85), sharing resources with other farms (3.0, 95% CI: 1.1-8,6), and a herd size of > 23 animals (2.5, 95% CI: 1.1-6.0). Our findings suggest that the animal- and herd-level seroprevalence of BoHV-1 infection in the State of Paraíba is high. While some risk factors such as herd size and sharing resources were identified as risk factors for BoHV-1 infection, these risk factors are initially likely to be of only minor relevance in a control programme due to the extremely high prevalence of infected farms. However, the results are relevant to the risk of reintroduction of disease on farms that have previously eradicated the disease.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Livestock is one of the main activities of the gross domestic Product (GDP), exercising a fundamental role in the land use and occupation process in Brazil. Infectious diseases, bacterial, viral or parasitic origin, may affect the reproductive system of both males and females, causing a series of problems of infertility with different levels of occurrence. One of the most important diseases that affect the reproductive sphere of viral origin and that have already been identified in cattle in Brazil the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR). The aim of this work was to carry out an epidemiological study in the State of Goiás, specifically in the Vale do Rio dos Bois microregion (municipalities of Cezarina, Mairipotaba and Pontalina), detecting the presence of antibodies to the IBR, by vírusneutralização (VN). The properties studied were found a seroprevalence of 96.4% for neutralizing antibodies against IBR in bovine females over 24 months. The results found in this study showed that there is a high prevalence of infection for BoHV-1 at Vale do Rio dos Bois microregion. The data for these studies can serve as a base to plot strategies for the control of the disease, with the guidance of producers.(AU)

A pecuária constitui uma das principais atividades econômicas contribuintes para o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) brasileiro, exercendo papel fundamental no processo de uso e ocupação de terras no Brasil. Doenças infecciosas de origem bacteriana, viral ou parasitária podem afetar o sistema reprodutivo, tanto dos machos como das fêmeas, causando uma série de problemas de infertilidade nos rebanhos, com diferentes níveis de gravidade. Dentre as doenças mais importantes de origem viral que afetam a natureza reprodutiva e que já foram identificadas em bovinos no Brasil, destaca-se a Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina (IBR). O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo epidemiológico no estado de Goiás, especificamente na Microrregião do Vale do Rio dos Bois (municípios de Cezarina, Mairipotaba e Pontalina), detectando a presença de anticorpos contra a IBR pelo teste de vírus-neutralização (VN). Das propriedades estudadas, foi encontrada uma soroprevalência de 96,4% para anticorpos neutralizantes contra a IBR em fêmeas bovinas acima de 24 meses. Os resultados encontrados no presente estudo demonstraram que há uma elevada taxa de prevalência da infecção por BoHV-1 na Microrregião do Vale do Rio dos Bois. Os dados deste estudo poderão servir de base para se traçarem estratégias para o controle da doença, com orientação aos produtores.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Livestock is one of the main activities of the gross domestic Product (GDP), exercising a fundamental role in the land use and occupation process in Brazil. Infectious diseases, bacterial, viral or parasitic origin, may affect the reproductive system of both males and females, causing a series of problems of infertility with different levels of occurrence. One of the most important diseases that affect the reproductive sphere of viral origin and that have already been identified in cattle in Brazil the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR). The aim of this work was to carry out an epidemiological study in the State of Goiás, specifically in the Vale do Rio dos Bois microregion (municipalities of Cezarina, Mairipotaba and Pontalina), detecting the presence of antibodies to the IBR, by vírusneutralização (VN). The properties studied were found a seroprevalence of 96.4% for neutralizing antibodies against IBR in bovine females over 24 months. The results found in this study showed that there is a high prevalence of infection for BoHV-1 at Vale do Rio dos Bois microregion. The data for these studies can serve as a base to plot strategies for the control of the disease, with the guidance of producers.

A pecuária constitui uma das principais atividades econômicas contribuintes para o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) brasileiro, exercendo papel fundamental no processo de uso e ocupação de terras no Brasil. Doenças infecciosas de origem bacteriana, viral ou parasitária podem afetar o sistema reprodutivo, tanto dos machos como das fêmeas, causando uma série de problemas de infertilidade nos rebanhos, com diferentes níveis de gravidade. Dentre as doenças mais importantes de origem viral que afetam a natureza reprodutiva e que já foram identificadas em bovinos no Brasil, destaca-se a Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina (IBR). O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo epidemiológico no estado de Goiás, especificamente na Microrregião do Vale do Rio dos Bois (municípios de Cezarina, Mairipotaba e Pontalina), detectando a presença de anticorpos contra a IBR pelo teste de vírus-neutralização (VN). Das propriedades estudadas, foi encontrada uma soroprevalência de 96,4% para anticorpos neutralizantes contra a IBR em fêmeas bovinas acima de 24 meses. Os resultados encontrados no presente estudo demonstraram que há uma elevada taxa de prevalência da infecção por BoHV-1 na Microrregião do Vale do Rio dos Bois. Os dados deste estudo poderão servir de base para se traçarem estratégias para o controle da doença, com orientação aos produtores.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is recognized as an important pathogen causing respiratory, reproductive, and neurological disorders in cattle and is associated with economic losses to animal industry. Accurate diagnostic methods are needed for prevention of disease transmission. While the virus neutralization test is considered the gold standard method, it requires maintenance of the virus and cell cultures, which is time consuming and expensive. Serological techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are widely applied, as these are easy to perform and provide quick results. In the present study, a nanogold slot blot inhibition assay was developed for the serological diagnosis of BoHV-1 and compared with standard ELISA and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) slot blot assays. Of 42 serum samples tested by ELISA, 32 (76.2%) were positive and 10 (23.8%), were negative. The sensitivity and specificity of the nanogold slot blot inhibition assay was similar to that observed for ELISA and HRP slot blot assays, and a strong correlation was observed between the tests. Thus, the nanogold slot blot inhibition assay may serve as an efficient and rapid alternative to ELISA in settings, where plate-reading equipment is lacking.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A detecçäo de anticorpos anti-Herpesvírus Bovino tipo 1 (BHV-1) foi realizada, através da técnica de soroneutralizaçäo, em 1235 amostras de soro de bovinos adultos, näo vacinados contra Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina. As amostras de soro analisadas foram colhidas em 81 rebanhos, com histórico de problemas reprodutivos, incluindo animais com aptidäo para carne e leite, provenientes de 30 municípios do Estado do Paraná. Na amostragem proveniente de rebanhos leiteiros, 41,9 por cento (409/977) das amostras de soro e 90,5 por cento (57/63) dos rebanhos foram considerados positivos. Em bovinos de corte, o índice de soropositividade foi de 50,8 por cento (131/258) e 100 por cento (18/18) para amostras de soro e rebanhos, respectivamente. As frequências de 43,7 por cento (540/1235) de animais e 92,6 por cento (75/81) de rebanhos soropositivos demonstram que as infecçöes por BHV-1 apresentam-se amplamente disseminadas nas regiöes estudadas.

Assuntos