RESUMO

BACKGROUND: We examined the sedentary behavior and physical activity of 260 patients with peripheral artery disease. Women engaged in more light physical activity than men did. Light physical activity was associated with lower arterial stiffness in men only, while no significant associations were found between sedentary behavior, moderate-vigorous physical activity, and cardiovascular outcomes. BACKGROUND: ◼ Women with peripheral artery disease exhibited higher blood pressure and arterial stiffness than men. BACKGROUND: ◼ Low levels of physical activity, particularly moderate to vigorous activity, were observed in individuals with peripheral artery disease. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between the time spent in sedentary behavior and physical activity of different intensities with cardiovascular health in men and women with peripheral artery disease. METHODS: Two hundred and sixty patients with peripheral artery disease and claudication symptoms (65.7% men; 66±1 years; ankle brachial index 0.57±0.18) were evaluated. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed using an accelerometer. Physical activity was classified into light and moderate-vigorous intensities. The cardiovascular outcomes included blood pressure (oscillometric method), cardiac autonomic modulation (heart rate variability), and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity). RESULTS: Women spent more time engaged in light physical activity than men (341±14 min/day versus 306±9 min/day; p=0.040, respectively). There was no significant difference in the time spent on sedentary behavior and moderate-vigorous physical activity. Women had a higher systolic blood pressure (p=0.025), higher augmentation index (p<0.001), and lower sympathovagal balance (p=0.047) than men. Pulse wave velocity was only negatively associated with light physical activity (ß= -4.66; 95%CI= -8.57; -0.76) in men. Light and moderate-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior were not associated with other cardiovascular outcomes. CONCLUSION: Higher levels of light physical activity were associated with lower arterial stiffness in men with peripheral artery disease.

Assuntos

Índice Tornozelo-Braço , Pressão Sanguínea , Exercício Físico , Doença Arterial Periférica , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Comportamento Sedentário , Rigidez Vascular , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doença Arterial Periférica/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Rigidez Vascular/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Fatores Sexuais , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Estudos Transversais , Acelerometria , Fatores de Tempo

RESUMO

Calciprotein particles (CPPs) are an endogenous buffering system, clearing excessive amounts of Ca2+ and PO43- from the circulation and thereby preventing ectopic mineralization. CPPs circulate as primary CPPs (CPP1), which are small spherical colloidal particles, and can aggregate to form large, crystalline, secondary CPPs (CPP2). Even though it has been reported that CPPs are toxic to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in vitro, their effect(s) on the vasculature remain unclear. Here we have shown that CPP1, but not CPP2, increased arterial stiffness ex vivo. Interestingly, the effects were more pronounced in the abdominal infrarenal aorta compared to the thoracic descending aorta. Further, we demonstrated that CPP1 affected both endothelial and VSMC function, impairing vasorelaxation and contraction respectively. Concomitantly, arterial glycosaminoglycan accumulation was observed as well, which is indicative of an increased extracellular matrix stiffness. However, these effects were not observed in vivo. Hence, we concluded that CPP1 can induce vascular dysfunction.

Assuntos

Músculo Liso Vascular , Rigidez Vascular , Animais , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Masculino , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Ratos , Glicosaminoglicanos/metabolismo , Vasodilatação , Aorta Torácica/metabolismo , Humanos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D is associated with vascular function; however, the impact of different vitamin D levels on vascular elasticity following prolonged exercise remains uncertain. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the association of vitamin D levels with changes in peripheral pulse wave velocity (pPWV) and the magnitude of acute post-exercise hypotension (PEH) following prolonged endurance exercise in healthy young men. METHODS: All the participants were divided into two groups: the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) sufficiency group (25(OH)D ≧50 nmol/L) and the deficiency group (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L). A cardiopulmonary exercise test for maximal oxygen uptake (V.O2max) was performed on the graded cycling. The prolonged exercise was set at 60% V.O2max for 120 min of continuous riding on a stationary bicycle. The pPWV and blood pressure were measured at baseline and 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 min after prolonged endurance exercise. RESULTS: Post hoc analysis revealed that the vitamin D sufficient group had a greater magnitude of PEH than the deficiency group at post-45 min. Multiple linear regression analyses showed a significant correlation between 25(OH)D and both pPWV (p = 0.036) and PEH (p = 0.007), after adjusting for V.O2max, weight, height, and physical activity. In addition, the 25(OH)D deficiency group also had higher pPWV at post-15 min (5.41 ± 0.93 vs 4.84 ± 0.75 m/s), post-30 min (5.30 ± 0.77 vs 4.87 ± 0.50 m/s), post-45 min (5.56 ± 0.93 vs 5.05 ± 0.68 m/s) than the sufficiency group. CONCLUSIONS: There was a positive correlation between 25(OH)D levels and systolic PEH following prolonged endurance exercise. Individuals with sufficient 25(OH)D status may have better vascular elasticity and more efficient blood pressure regulation during exercise.

Assuntos

Resistência Física , Hipotensão Pós-Exercício , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Rigidez Vascular , Deficiência de Vitamina D , Vitamina D , Humanos , Masculino , Rigidez Vascular/fisiologia , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , Adulto Jovem , Vitamina D/sangue , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Resistência Física/fisiologia , Hipotensão Pós-Exercício/fisiopatologia , Hipotensão Pós-Exercício/etiologia , Pressão Sanguínea , Teste de Esforço , Adulto , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Consumo de Oxigênio

RESUMO

Background: Firefighters have lower levels of physical activity while on call. It is critical to understand the impact of firefighters' physical activity on arterial stiffness. This study classified groups by physical activity level and combined peripheral vascular monitor measurement to explore the relationships between the level of physical activity and cardiovascular (CV) risk and physical fitness (PF) of firefighters, as well as the acute response to arterial stiffness (AS) following maximal aerobic exercise test (MAET) intervention. Methods: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to classify the participants into 3 groups: low, moderate, and high level of physical activity group, respectively. A total of 36 participants were recruited, 12 in each group. Participants were assessed for body composition, rest brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), handgrip strength (HGS), maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), and MAET baPWV. Results: In the three groups, significant differences were observed in V̇O2max, HGS, relative fat mass (%FM), body mass index (BMI), muscle mass ratio (MMR), and Rest baPWV (p < 0.05). After maximal aerobic exercise, the MAET baPWV values decreased significantly in all groups (all p < 0.001). Rest baPWV was significantly correlated with firefighters' age, seniority, metabolic equivalents (METs), height and muscle mass (MM) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Firefighters with high levels of physical activity had better body composition and physical fitness and lower Rest baPWV. In all three groups, baPWV was lower after the MAET than before it. Therefore, regardless of a firefighter's level of physical activity, high-intensity aerobic exercise may have a beneficial effect on arterial stiffness.

Assuntos

Exercício Físico , Bombeiros , Aptidão Física , Rigidez Vascular , Humanos , Rigidez Vascular/fisiologia , Masculino , Adulto , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Teste de Esforço/métodos , Força da Mão/fisiologia , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Massa Corporal , Índice Tornozelo-Braço , Feminino , Inquéritos e Questionários

RESUMO

Importance: Atherogenesis starts during childhood, making childhood and adolescence an important window of opportunity to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease later in life. Objective: To identify early-life risk factors for preclinical atherosclerosis in adolescence. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study is part of the ongoing Wheezing Illness Study in Leidsche Rijn (WHISTLER) prospective birth cohort study, which includes 3005 healthy newborns born between December 2001 and December 2012 in the Leidsche Rijn area of Utrecht, the Netherlands. Eligible participants included those from the WHISTLER cohort who visited the clinic between March 2019 and October 2020 for adolescent follow-up. This study's analyses were performed in January 2024. Exposures: Early-life growth was assessed at birth to 6 months, 5 years, and 12 to 16 years. Abdominal ultrasonography determined abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) depth. Blood pressure (BP) percentiles and body mass index (BMI) z scores were used. Main Outcomes and Measures: Carotid ultrasonography was performed at age 12 to 16 years to assess carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and the distensibility coefficient (DC), established measures of preclinical atherosclerosis. Multivariable linear regression models were used to identify early-life risk factors for cIMT and DC in adolescence. Results: In total, 232 adolescents (median [IQR] age, 14.9 [13.7-15.8] years; 121 female [52.2%]) were included. More postnatal weight gain (B = 12.34; 95% CI, 2.39 to 22.39), higher systolic BP at 5 years (B = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.02 to 1.01), more VAT at 5 years (B = 3.48; 95% CI, 1.55 to 5.40), and a larger change in VAT between 5 and 12 to 16 years (B = 3.13; 95% CI, 1.87 to 4.39) were associated with a higher cIMT in adolescence. A higher BMI (B = -2.70, 95% CI,-4.59 to -0.80) and VAT at 5 years (B = -0.56; 95% CI, -0.87 to -0.25), as well as a larger change in BMI between 5 and 12 to 16 years (B = -3.63; 95% CI, -5.66 to -1.60) were associated with a higher carotid stiffness in adolescence. On the contrary, a larger change in SAT between 5 and 12 to 16 years (B = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.58) was associated with a higher carotid DC in adolescence. Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study of 232 participants, early-life growth parameters, and particularly abdominal VAT development, were associated with a higher cIMT and carotid stiffness in adolescence. These findings suggest that assessment of adipose tissue development during childhood can aid characterization of lifetime risk trajectories and tailoring of cardiovascular prevention and risk management strategies.

Assuntos

Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Rigidez Vascular , Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Masculino , Rigidez Vascular/fisiologia , Fatores de Risco , Criança , Estudos Prospectivos , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Aterosclerose/fisiopatologia , Aterosclerose/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal

RESUMO

Although serum uric acid (UA) has been reported to be positively associated with increased arterial stiffness as evaluated by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), UA also has an antioxidative effect that prevents endothelial damage. Therefore, the status of endothelial repair induced by endothelial damage might affect the correlation between UA and CAVI. To clarify the correlation between UA and CAVI in relation to endothelial repair activity, we performed a cross-sectional study with 246 Japanese men aged 60-69 years undergoing a general health check-up. The analysis was stratified by the median circulating level of CD34-positive cells because circulating levels of CD34-positive cells could indicate the degree of endothelial repair activity. Independent of known cardiovascular risk factors, among participants with high circulating levels of CD34-positive cells (0.95 cells/µL ≤), UA was significantly positively correlated with CAVI (standardized parameter estimate ß = 0.23, p = 0.009), but not among participants with low circulating levels of CD34-positive cells (< 0.95 cells/µL) (ß = 0.07, p = 0.445). Independent of established cardiovascular risk factors, UA levels were significantly positively correlated with increased arterial stiffness only among participants with aggressive endothelial repair as evaluated by circulating levels of CD34-positive cells. These results might help clarify some background mechanisms related to endothelial activity.

Assuntos

Antígenos CD34 , Índice Vascular Coração-Tornozelo , Ácido Úrico , Rigidez Vascular , Humanos , Masculino , Ácido Úrico/sangue , Antígenos CD34/metabolismo , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Japão , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Fatores de Risco , População do Leste Asiático

RESUMO

Objectives: To evaluate the intima-media thickness (IMT) and elasticity of the carotid artery in non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients using a quantitative technique for vascular elasticity measurement and to explore the influencing factors. Methods: Sixty non-obese patients without metabolic and cardiovascular diseases who were diagnosed with PCOS in the Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January to December 2022 were prospectively selected (case group), and 60 healthy volunteers matched for body mass index were included as the control group. Body weight, height, heart rate, blood pressure, and waist-to-hip ratio were recorded. Fasting blood samples were drawn from the elbow vein to measure hormone levels including total testosterone (TT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), lipids, and homocysteine (Hcy). The insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and free androgen index (FAI) were calculated. Ultrasound elastography was used to measure the IMT and elastic function parameters of the right carotid artery, including vessel diameter, wall displacement, stiffness coefficient, and pulse wave velocity. Differences in various parameters between the two groups were analyzed, and correlations between the carotid stiffness coefficient and other serological indicators were assessed using Spearman correlation analysis. Results: No significant differences in age, body mass index, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were observed between the two groups (all P>0.05), while the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was higher in the case group than in the control group (P<0.05).The hormone level serological indicators TT and FAI were higher in the case group than in the control group, and SHBG was lower in the case group than in the control group (all P<0.05). The metabolism-related serum indicators LDL-C, HDL-C, FPG, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels were not statistically different between the two groups (all P>0.05), and serum FINS, HOMA-IR, and Hcy levels were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (all P<0.05).No significant difference in carotid artery diameter was observed between the case group and control group (P>0.05). The carotid artery displacement in the case group was significantly smaller than that in the control group (P<0.05), and carotid IMT, hardness coefficient, and pulse wave propagation velocity were greater in the case group than in the control group (all P<0.05). The carotid elastic stiffness coefficient was positively correlated with WHR, TT, SHBG, FAI, FINS, HOMA-IR and Hcy to varying extents and negatively correlated with SHBG. Conclusion: In non-obese PCOS patients with no metabolic or cardiovascular disease, the carotid stiffness coefficient was increased and correlated with indicators of hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and hyperhomocysteinemia.

Assuntos

Artérias Carótidas , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico , Rigidez Vascular , Humanos , Feminino , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/fisiopatologia , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/sangue , Adulto , Rigidez Vascular/fisiologia , Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Artérias Carótidas/fisiopatologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Adulto Jovem , Elasticidade , Resistência à Insulina , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Prospectivos , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade/métodos , Análise de Onda de Pulso

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome that affects millions of people worldwide and leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Sacubitril/valsartan, a combination drug consisting of a neprilysin inhibitor and an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), has shown a greater improvement in the prognosis of HF than ACE inhibitors (ACEI) or ARB. Recent studies have found that ACEI/ARB or sacubitril/valsartan can increase flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and reduce pulse wave velocity (PWV), which are independent predictors of cardiovascular events and HF prognosis. The purpose of this study is to assess and compare the effect of sacubitril/valsartan and ACEI/ARB on FMD and PWV using meta-analysis and further provide a reference for the role of sacubitril/valsartan in the treatment of HF. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Clinical randomised controlled trials investigating the effect of sacubitril/valsartan and/or ACEI/ARB on FMD and PWV in patients with HF will be searched in the relevant database, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library and China's National Knowledge Infrastructure up to January 2024. The outcomes of interest are changes in endothelial function assessed by FMD and changes in arterial stiffness assessed by PWV. The risk of bias was evaluated using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised trials (RoB2.0). Review Manager V.5.3 software is used for meta-analysis data synthesis, sensitivity analysis, meta-regression analysis, subgroup analysis and risk of bias assessment. The reporting bias of studies will be evaluated using the funnel plot, in which symmetry will be assessed by Begg's and Egger's tests. The evidence quality of the included studies will be evaluated by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study only analyses research data from the published literature and therefore does not require ethical approval. We will submit the systematic review to a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42024538148.

Assuntos

Aminobutiratos , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina , Compostos de Bifenilo , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Valsartana , Rigidez Vascular , Humanos , Aminobutiratos/uso terapêutico , Aminobutiratos/farmacologia , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/farmacologia , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/farmacologia , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Compostos de Bifenilo/farmacologia , Compostos de Bifenilo/uso terapêutico , Combinação de Medicamentos , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Metanálise como Assunto , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Projetos de Pesquisa , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Tetrazóis/farmacologia , Tetrazóis/uso terapêutico , Valsartana/farmacologia , Valsartana/uso terapêutico , Rigidez Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. The risk of developing cardiovascular diseases following HDP is high. Arterial stiffness is a prognostic indicator for cardiovascular disease in the general population, and it is elevated during pregnancy in women with HDP. No systematic reviews have been conducted to determine if arterial stiffness remains elevated beyond puerperium in these women with HDP. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will conduct a systematic literature search in the following electronic databases: Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Web of Science and CINAHL. The review will consider studies that investigate arterial stiffness in women who had HPD and are between 43 days and 10 years postdelivery and under 60 years of age. This systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. Estimates of mean ± SD for arterial stiffness indices (cfPWV, AIx and AIx@75) for the women in the included studies will be obtained. For studies where the estimates were reported as the median and IQR, approximate estimates of mean ± SD will be calculated by using the low and high end of the range, median and sample size. Data from the individual studies will be pooled by use of a random-effects model. The risk of bias assessment will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale as appropriate. Sources of heterogeneity will be explored by sensitivity and subgroup analyses. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: No ethics approval is required as only published data will be used in this study. The research study's outcomes will be shared through scientific conferences and peer-reviewed publications. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023461867.

Assuntos

Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez , Período Pós-Parto , Rigidez Vascular , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/diagnóstico , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/fisiopatologia , Projetos de Pesquisa , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Rigidez Vascular/fisiologia

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress is a well-established pathological mediator of vascular complications in diabetes. We assessed plasma oxidant and antioxidant levels in response to acute and chronic hyperglycemia in relation to vascular stiffness and varying degrees of kidney disease in type 1 diabetes individuals. METHODS: The acute hyperglycemia study included 22 type 1 diabetic individuals with normal albumin excretion rate (AER) and 13 non-diabetic controls. These individuals received an acute glucose challenge during a 120-minute hyperglycemic clamp. The chronic hyperglycemia study included 118 type 1 diabetic individuals with chronically low (n = 60) or high (n = 58) HbA1c concentrations and varying degrees of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) classified as normal, moderate, or severe albuminuria (AER). Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), biological antioxidant potential (BAP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured from plasma or serum samples in the FinnDiane study. RESULTS: Levels of MDA (p < 0.01) and ROMs (p < 0.01) were elevated in type 1 diabetes individuals compared to non-diabetic controls at baseline. Acute hyperglycemia further increased MDA levels (p < 0.05) and sustained the elevation of ROMs in type 1 diabetes individuals. Acute hyperglycemic challenge impaired TAC in both non-diabetic (p < 0.05) and type 1 diabetes (p < 0.01) individuals compared to baseline whereas BAP was increased (p < 0.05) with no difference observed in non-diabetic controls. There was a positive association between high circulating MDA and AIx (r2 = 0.611, p = 0.05), and between delta ROMs and delta AIx (r2 = 0.955, p = 0.014) in combined analysis of individuals with type 1 diabetes and non-diabetic controls. Type 1 diabetes individuals with varying status of DKD, showed elevated levels of ROMs in those with high HbA1c compared to their counterpart with low HbA1c (p < 0.05). Individuals with severe albuminuria showed elevated ROM levels (p < 0.01) and depressed antioxidant capacity (p < 0.01) compared to those with normal AER of comparable HbA1c concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Biomarkers of oxidative stress are associated with vascular stiffness and DKD following acute and chronic hyperglycemic exposure and may provide added value to HbA1c in understanding disease pathology, predicting risk and assessing the status of secondary complications of type 1 diabetes.

Assuntos

Antioxidantes , Biomarcadores , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Nefropatias Diabéticas , Hiperglicemia , Estresse Oxidativo , Rigidez Vascular , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Feminino , Nefropatias Diabéticas/sangue , Nefropatias Diabéticas/fisiopatologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/diagnóstico , Nefropatias Diabéticas/etiologia , Hiperglicemia/sangue , Hiperglicemia/diagnóstico , Hiperglicemia/fisiopatologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Glicemia/metabolismo , Malondialdeído/sangue , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/sangue , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Finlândia/epidemiologia , Doença Aguda , Oxidantes/sangue , Albuminúria/sangue , Albuminúria/diagnóstico , Albuminúria/fisiopatologia , Albuminúria/etiologia , Superóxido Dismutase/sangue , Doença Crônica

RESUMO

The evidence on the impact of fruits and vegetable types on cardiovascular risk factors remains limited. Specifically, the utilisation of biomarkers to objectively measure dietary compliance and metabolic responses is emerging. This protocol and baseline characteristics of a pilot randomised controlled, crossover, dietary intervention study aimed to examine the effects of citrus fruits, cruciferous vegetables, or common fruits and vegetables on cardiovascular risk factors. A total of 39 volunteers with untreated prehypertension was recruited and consumed a standardised, provided diet with eight daily portions of citrus fruits and cruciferous vegetables, common fruits and vegetables, or a low fruit and vegetable diet (two portions/d, control diet) in a random order for 2 weeks each, separated by a wash-out week. A targeted cohort-based recruitment strategy was utilised and resulted in 74% of participants recruited by re-contacting preselected individuals from two cohort studies with a 15% average enrolment rate. Participants had an average age of 54.4 years (±6.1 years), BMI of 27.9 kg/m2, and BP of 135/81 mmHg and were mainly male (67%). The primary outcome was office blood pressure; secondary outcomes included arterial stiffness, lipid profiles, inflammation, cognitive function, and subjective mood. Biofluids, i.e., 24 h urine, stool, and blood samples, were collected for biomarker measurements with multiple metabolomic platforms and the gut microbial composition, together with traditional dietary biomarkers.

Assuntos

Pressão Sanguínea , Estudos Cross-Over , Frutas , Pré-Hipertensão , Verduras , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Pré-Hipertensão/dietoterapia , Dieta/métodos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/urina , Rigidez Vascular , Adulto , Projetos Piloto , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Insulin resistance (IR) is closely associated with atherosclerosis and adverse cardiovascular events. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is an effective indicator for assessing IR. This study aims to explore the relationship between the TyG index and the risk of arterial stiffness progression. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included adults who had undergone at least 2 health examinations with arteriosclerosis testing at the Health Management Medical Center of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, between January 2012 and December 2022. Clinical data were collected. The TyG index was calculated using the formula of ln (triglycerides×fasting blood glucose/2). The baseline TyG index was assessed as both a continuous variable and as a quartile-based categorical variable. The progression of arteriosclerosis was evaluated by the annual change rate of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and the new onset of increased arterial stiffness. Linear regression model and Cox proportional hazard model were used to explore whether the TyG index is an independent risk factor for arterial stiffness progression. Subgroup analyses were performed based on age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and the presence of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia to determine the characteristics of the association between the TyG index and arterial stiffness progression. RESULTS: A total of 4 971 participants were included, with a follow-up period of (3.01±1.98) years. During follow-up, the annual baPWV change rate was (24.94±81.15) cm/s, and 278 cases of new onset of increased aterial stiffness were recorded. After fully adjusting for confounding factors, the baseline TyG index was independently positively correlated with both the annual baPWV change rate (ß=17.5, 95% CI 9.00 to 25.94, P<0.001) and the risk of new onset of increased aterial stiffness [hazard ratio (HR)=1.43, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.74, P<0.001] when the TyG index was treated as a continuous variable. When treated as a categorical variable, higher TyG index quartiles were associated with progressively higher baPWV change rates and new onset of increased arterial stiffness (all P<0.05). In subgroups of participants aged ≥45 years, males, BMI<28 kg/m2, those with or without hypertension, and those without type 2 diabetes or hyperlipidemia, the baseline TyG index (both continuous and categorical) was significantly associated with new onset of increased arterial stiffness (all P<0.05), with no significant interactions observed across subgroups (all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The TyG index is independently associated with an increased risk of arterial stiffness progression and may serve as a useful indicator for assessing arterial stiffness progression risk in health check-up populations.

Assuntos

Glicemia , Progressão da Doença , Resistência à Insulina , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Triglicerídeos , Rigidez Vascular , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Rigidez Vascular/fisiologia , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Glicemia/análise , Fatores de Risco , Feminino , Masculino , Arteriosclerose/sangue , Arteriosclerose/fisiopatologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Índice Tornozelo-Braço , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos de Coortes , Índice de Massa Corporal

RESUMO

Background: Postmenopausal women are at an increased risk of arterial stiffness, which can be assessed using estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum klotho levels and ePWV in postmenopausal women. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from postmenopausal women who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2007 and 2016. Participants were divided into two groups based on the presence of hypertension. Weighted multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between serum Klotho levels and ePWV in each group. Restricted cubic spline models with multivariable adjustments were employed to examine nonlinear associations within each group. Results: Our analysis included 4,468 postmenopausal women from the NHANES database, with 1,671 in the non-hypertensive group and 2,797 in the hypertensive group. In all regression models, serum Klotho (ln-transformed) levels were significantly and independently negatively correlated with ePWV in the non-hypertensive group. After fully adjusting for confounders, a 1-unit increase in ln(Klotho) was associated with a 0.13 m/s decrease in ePWV (ß = -0.13, 95% CI -0.23 to -0.03; p = 0.008). Additionally, in the fully adjusted model, participants in the highest quartile of ln(Klotho) had an ePWV value 0.14 m/s lower than those in the lowest quartile (p for trend = 0.017; 95% CI -0.23 to -0.05; p = 0.002). This negative correlation was consistent across subgroups and was particularly significant among women aged < 60 years, nonsmokers, and non-Hispanic Black women. However, no association was observed between serum Klotho levels and ePWV in the hypertensive group. Conclusion: Hypertension may affect the relationship between serum Klotho level and ePWV in postmenopausal women. Increased serum Klotho levels may reduce arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.

Assuntos

Glucuronidase , Proteínas Klotho , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Pós-Menopausa , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Rigidez Vascular , Humanos , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Pós-Menopausa/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Glucuronidase/sangue , Rigidez Vascular/fisiologia , Idoso , Hipertensão/sangue , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Biomarcadores/sangue

RESUMO

Vascular stiffness is an age-related pathophysiological process that represents a significant risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the older adult.

Assuntos

Envelhecimento , Hipertensão , Rigidez Vascular , Humanos , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Rigidez Vascular/fisiologia , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Fatores de Risco

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Vascular aging, as assessed by structural and functional arterial properties, is an independent predictor of cardiovascular outcomes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations of ultra long-term blood pressure (BP) variability from childhood to midlife with vascular aging in midlife. METHODS: Using data from the longitudinal cohort of Hanzhong Adolescent Hypertension Study, 2065 participants aged 6-18 years were enrolled and followed up with seven visits over 30 years. Ultra long-term BP variability (BPV) was defined as the standard deviation (SD) and average real variability (ARV) of BP over 30 years (seven visits). Vascular aging included arterial stiffness, carotid hypertrophy, and carotid plaque. RESULTS: After adjusting for demographic variables, clinical characteristics and mean BP over 30 years, higher SD SBP , ARV SBP , SD DBP and ARV DBP since childhood were significantly associated with arterial stiffness in midlife. Additionally, higher SD DBP and ARV DBP were significantly associated with carotid hypertrophy and the presence of carotid plaque in midlife. When we used cumulative exposure to BP from childhood to midlife instead of mean BP as adjustment factors, results were similar. Furthermore, we found a significant association between long-term BPV from childhood to adolescence and the presence of carotid plaque, whereas long-term BPV from youth to adulthood is associated with arterial stiffness. CONCLUSION: Higher BPV from childhood to adulthood was associated with vascular aging in midlife independently of mean BP or cumulative BP exposure. Therefore, long-term BPV from an early age may serve as a predictor of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in later life.

Assuntos

Envelhecimento , Pressão Sanguínea , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Adulto , Rigidez Vascular/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Longitudinais , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes

RESUMO

Severe acute coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been associated with endothelial damage, and impaired nitric oxide production, which results in arterial stiffness and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Long COVID is a term used to describe the persistence or the development of new symptoms that can occur after an acute infection. Little is known about the association between arterial stiffness and Long COVID. An observational, cross-sectional study in which arterial stiffness was measured with pulse wave velocity (PWV) was carried out in 74 participants between 19 and 40 years old (53 with Long COVID, 21 age and gender-matched controls). Data was collected from participants between 1 and 9 months after acute COVID-19 infection using the Complior analyze unit protocol. The Long COVID group had higher carotid-radial-PWV (crPWV) than controls (10 m/s interquartile range [IQR] 8.5-11.2 m/s) versus 8.8 m/s (IQR 7.7-9.2 m/s) as was their carotid-radial-arterial stiffness index (crASI) (2.26 cm/ms (IQR 1.9-2.56 cm/ms) vs. 2.01 cm/ms (IQR 1.82-2.27 cm/ms); p < 0.05) in both. They also had more type-A waveforms, indicating increased arterial stiffening. Peripheral arterial stiffness was higher in adults with Long COVID than in controls who were never infected with SARS-CoV-2 as noted by the elevated levels of crPWV and crASI among adults with Long COVID.

Assuntos

COVID-19 , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Rigidez Vascular , Humanos , Rigidez Vascular/fisiologia , Masculino , Feminino , COVID-19/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Síndrome de COVID-19 Pós-Aguda , SARS-CoV-2 , África Subsaariana/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem , Artérias Carótidas/fisiopatologia

RESUMO

The Valsalva maneuver (VM), commonly used to assess cardiovascular and autonomic nervous system functions, can induce changes in hemodynamic function that may affect cerebral vascular functionality, such as arterial elasticity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-pressure VM on cerebral arterial stiffness and cerebral vascular dynamics. Thirty-one healthy young participants (average age 21.58±1.72 years) were recruited for this study. These participants were instructed to maintain an expiratory pressure of 30-35 mmHg for 15 seconds. We measured the vasoconstriction and vasodilation diameters (VCD and VDD) of the common carotid artery (CCA), as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP), before and after VM (PRE_VM and POST_VM). Additionally, we assessed mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and arterial stiffness. Our findings revealed significant increases in both the VCD and VDD of the CCA (2.15%, p = 0.039 and 4.55%, p<0.001, respectively), MAP (1.67%, p = 0.049), and DBP (1.10%, p = 0.029) following low-pressure VM. SBP showed an increasing trend, but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.108). Interestingly, we observed significant decreases in arterial stiffness and PWV in POST_VM when comparing with PRE_VM (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). In conclusion, our study demonstrated the effectiveness of low-pressure VM in reducing the PWV and stiffness of the CCA. This suggests that low-pressure VM can be a simple and cost-effective method to reduce cerebrovascular stiffness in a brief interval, without the need for specific environmental conditions.

Assuntos

Pressão Sanguínea , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Manobra de Valsalva , Rigidez Vascular , Humanos , Rigidez Vascular/fisiologia , Análise de Onda de Pulso/métodos , Masculino , Manobra de Valsalva/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem , Feminino , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Adulto , Artérias Cerebrais/fisiologia , Artéria Carótida Primitiva/fisiologia , Vasodilatação/fisiologia , Vasoconstrição/fisiologia

RESUMO

This study aimed to assess the effect of a combination of aerobic exercise training (ET) and Chlorella (CH) intake on arterial nitric oxide (NO) production and arterial stiffness in obese rats. Twenty-week-old obese male rats were randomly grouped into four (n = 6): OBESE-SED (sedentary control), OBESE-ET (treadmill 25 m/min, 1 h, 5 d/week), OBESE-CH (0.5% Chlorella powder in normal diet), and OBESE-ET+CH (combination of ET and CH intake) groups. The carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), an index of arterial stiffness, was significantly lesser in the OBESE-ET, OBESE-CH, and OBESE-ET+CH groups than in the OBESE-SED group, and in the OBESE-ET+CH group significantly further enhanced these effects compared with the OBESE-ET and OBESE-CH groups. Additionally, arterial nitrate/nitrite (NOx) levels were significantly greater in the OBESE-ET, OBESE-CH, and OBESE-ET+CH groups than in the OBESE-SED group, and the OBESE-ET+CH group compared with the OBESE-ET and OBESE-CH groups. Furthermore, arterial NOx levels were positively correlated with arterial endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation levels (r = 0.489, p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with cfPWV (r = -0.568, p < 0.05). In conclusion, a combination of ET and CH intake may reduce arterial stiffness via an enhancement of the arterial NO signaling pathway in obese rats.

Assuntos

Chlorella , Óxido Nítrico , Obesidade , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Rigidez Vascular , Animais , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/sangue , Masculino , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/metabolismo , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Artérias

RESUMO

(1) The main aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of the Mediterranean diet (MD) with vascular function in participants with and without increased insulin resistance (IR) in the Spanish population. A secondary aim was to study differences by gender. (2) Methods: Data were analyzed from 3401 subjects in the EVA, MARK, and EVIDENT studies (mean age = 60 years and 57% men). IR was evaluated with the triglyceride and glucose index (TyG index). TyG index = Ln [(fasting triglyceride mg/dL × fasting glucose mg/dL)/2]. The MD was measured against the MEDAS questionnaire, with the 14 items used in the PREDIMED study. Vascular stiffness was estimated with the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and the cardio ankle vascular index (CAVI) using the Vasera VS-1500®. (3) Results: The mean MEDAS value was 5.82 ± 2.03; (men: 5.66 ± 2.06; women: 6.04 ± 1.99; p < 0.001). MD adherence was 36.8% (men: 34.2%; women: 40.3%; p < 0.001). The mean baPWV value was 14.39 ± 2.78; (men: 14.50 ± 2.65; women: 14.25 ± 2.93; p = 0.005). A baPWV value ≥ 14.5 m/s was found in 43.4% (men: 43.6%; women: 40.0%; p = 0.727). The mean CAVI value was 8.59 ± 1.28; (men: 8.75 ± 1.28; women: 8.37 ± 1.26; p < 0.001). CAVI values ≥ 9 were present in 39.0% (men: 44.4%; women: 31.7%; p < 0.001). The mean value of the TGC/G index was 10.93 ± 1.39; (men: 11.08 ± 1.33; women: 10.73 ± 1.43; p < 0.001). IR was found in 49.9%. The average value of the MD score value was negatively associated with baPWV and CAVI in all groups analyzed (<0.05), except in the group of women with insulin resistance. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest that MD adherence is negatively associated with the vascular stiffness parameters analyzed in all the groups studied except the group of women with insulin resistance.

Assuntos

Dieta Mediterrânea , Resistência à Insulina , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Rigidez Vascular , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Rigidez Vascular/fisiologia , Idoso , Glicemia/metabolismo , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Índice Tornozelo-Braço , Espanha , Estudos Transversais , Índice Vascular Coração-Tornozelo

RESUMO

Balance dysfunction in older patients compromises independence and increases the risk of falls and disability. Arterial stiffness, an important parameter of atherosclerosis, can affect peripheral organs, including the brain, causing balance disorders. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), measured independently of blood pressure, has attracted attention as an indicator of arterial stiffness. However, the association between balance dysfunction and CAVI in patients with heart failure remains unclear. We investigated the association between the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score and CAVI in older patients with heart failure.We investigated heart failure patients from our cardiac rehabilitation database between 2017 and 2022. Physical function, body composition, and CAVI were measured the day before discharge. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Physical function was determined by assessing handgrip strength, 6-minute walk distance, and SPPB. Sarcopenia was classified according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 guidelines, defining sarcopenia as an SPPB total score ≤ 9.Among the 205 consecutive hospitalized patients aged ≥ 65 years (mean, 77.0 years; male, 140; female, 65), 45.0% had sarcopenia. CAVI was significantly higher in patients with sarcopenia than in those without (10.4 [9.5, 11.4] versus 9.8 [8.9, 10.8], respectively). Age, 6-minute walk distance, SPPB tandem time, 4-m walk time, 5 repetition sit-to-stand time, and SPPB score were significantly associated with CAVI, with tandem being an independent CAVI determinant (ß = -0.142, P = 0.047).These results suggest an association between arterial stiffness and SPPB score in older patients with heart failure.

Assuntos

Índice Vascular Coração-Tornozelo , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Sarcopenia , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Sarcopenia/fisiopatologia , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Rigidez Vascular/fisiologia , Desempenho Físico Funcional , Equilíbrio Postural/fisiologia , Força da Mão/fisiologia , Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos , Teste de Caminhada/métodos , Composição Corporal