RESUMO
Rickettsioses are vector-borne zoonotic diseases whose etiological agents are bacteria of the genera Rickettsia and Orientia. In Colombia, literature published on rickettsioses during the 20th century is limited and disperse; to date, there are no detailed publications that compile the affected regions or the involved Rickettsia species in each outbreak. Since early works of Luis Patiño-Camargo, the study of rickettsioses gained major importance with the subsequent description of significant outbreaks in some departments of the country. During the 1940s, many articles were published reporting outbreaks probably caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia typhi, and Rickettsia prowazekii, as well as studies on their diagnosis, vaccination, and prophylaxis. One of the most notorious works was published by Patiño-Camargo where he named the R. rickettsii rickettsiosis as "Tobia fever". However, in the subsequent decades, these entities entered a prolonged period of neglected research and surveillance, and just gained importance until the 21st century, when new fatal cases began to be reported in the country; thus, many questions remained unanswered during this overlooked period. The present work reviewed online databases, repositories, and libraries to compile literature related to rickettsioses in Colombia published during the 20th century. Gathered data show that typhus group rickettsioses (including infections by R. typhi and R. prowazekii) were broadly distributed in departments from the Andean and Caribbean regions, and that spotted fever group rickettsioses cases (including infections by R. rickettsii) were registered in other locations different from Tobia (Cundinamarca), like Atlántico, Bolivar, and Santander departments. These findings contribute to the knowledge of these diseases, their historical distribution, public health burden, and set new horizons for rickettsioses research in different Colombian locations.
Assuntos
Infecções por Rickettsia , Rickettsia prowazekii , Rickettsia , Masculino , Humanos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rickettsia/microbiologia , Rickettsia rickettsiiAssuntos
Bartonella quintana/isolamento & purificação , Infestações por Piolhos/parasitologia , Pediculus/microbiologia , Animais , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Glutamato Sintase/genética , Humanos , México , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prevalência , Rickettsia prowazekii/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico has had outbreaks of typhus group rickettsiosis, most recently recognized in 1997. Evaluation of the sera of 345 patients with a dengue-like illness revealed that 25.5% had antibodies reactive with typhus group rickettsiae and 16% had antibodies to Rickettsia parkeri. Rickettsiae were detected by PCR and shell-vial isolations in the field-collected Amblyomma ticks. Molecular characterization by DNA sequence analysis of the gltA, ompB, and 17-kDa gene identified the organisms to be R. prowazekii.
Assuntos
Rickettsia prowazekii/imunologia , Carrapatos/microbiologia , Tifo Endêmico Transmitido por Pulgas/diagnóstico , Tifo Epidêmico Transmitido por Piolhos/diagnóstico , Animais , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , México/epidemiologia , Rickettsia prowazekii/isolamento & purificação , Rickettsia typhi/imunologia , Rickettsia typhi/isolamento & purificação , Carrapatos/genética , Tifo Endêmico Transmitido por Pulgas/epidemiologia , Tifo Endêmico Transmitido por Pulgas/transmissão , Tifo Epidêmico Transmitido por Piolhos/epidemiologia , Tifo Epidêmico Transmitido por Piolhos/transmissãoAssuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Surtos de Doenças , Rickettsia prowazekii/imunologia , Tifo Epidêmico Transmitido por Piolhos/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Saúde da População Rural , Estações do Ano , Tifo Epidêmico Transmitido por Piolhos/imunologia , Tifo Epidêmico Transmitido por Piolhos/mortalidadeRESUMO
Body lice are vectors of three bacteria which cause human disease: Rickettsia prowazekii, the agent of epidemic typhus; Bartonella quintana, the agent of trench fever; and Borrelia recurrentis, the agent of relapsing fever. A recrudescence of body lice is being observed as the numbers of individuals living under social conditions which predispose individuals to infestation have increased. Because this phenomenon may lead to the reemergence of infections transmitted by body lice, we aimed to assess the occurrence and prevalence of the three agents described above in more than 600 body lice collected from infested individuals in the African countries of Congo, Zimbabwe, and Burundi, in France, in Russia, and in Peru. The presence of the three bacteria in each louse was determined by specific PCR amplification, and the identities of the organisms detected were confirmed by determination of the nucleotide base sequences of the amplification products. Using this approach, we were able to confirm the presence of R. prowazekii in lice collected from refugees in Burundi, among whom typhus was epidemic, and the presence of B. quintana in lice collected from all locations except the Congo. B. recurrentis was never found. Molecular approaches are convenient tools for the detection and identification of bacterial DNA in body lice and for the epidemiological study of louse-borne bacteria from countries where no medical and biological laboratory facilities are available.
Assuntos
Bartonella quintana/isolamento & purificação , Borrelia/isolamento & purificação , Infestações por Piolhos/epidemiologia , Pediculus/microbiologia , Vigilância da População/métodos , Febre Recorrente/epidemiologia , Rickettsia prowazekii/isolamento & purificação , Febre das Trincheiras/epidemiologia , Tifo Epidêmico Transmitido por Piolhos/epidemiologia , Animais , Burundi/etnologia , Congo/etnologia , França/epidemiologia , Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Humanos , Insetos Vetores , Infestações por Piolhos/complicações , Peru/epidemiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Refugiados , Febre Recorrente/prevenção & controle , Federação Russa/epidemiologia , Febre das Trincheiras/prevenção & controle , Tifo Epidêmico Transmitido por Piolhos/prevenção & controle , Zimbábue/etnologiaRESUMO
Se estudió una epidemia de tifus exantemático en dos comunidades rurales de Urcos, Cusco. Se encontraron un total de 25 casos. La población total de las comunidades era de 406 habitantes en 1981. La epidemia se desarrolló en los meses de setiembre de 1981. La comunidades se encuentran a 3,300 m.s.n.m. y su temperatura promedio anual es de 12.5-C. Los pobladores agricultores y viven en estado de hacinamiento. Quince casos fueron mayores de 20 años y el mayor grupo etario afectado fue entre 20 y 29 años, con 8 casos. Según el sexo, 17 fueros mujeres y 8 fueron varones. Fallecieron 3 pacientes mujeres entre 26 y 35 años. Una de ellas se complicó con bronconeumonía. En fase aguda se detectaron 14 casos. El cuadro clínico fue: malestar general-postración (100%), exantema (71.4%), cefalea (100%), dolores osteomusculares (100%), fiebre (64.2%), dolor abdominal (57.1%), tos (35.7%), esplenomegalia (28.5%), alteración de conciencia (14.2%), hepatomegalia (7.1%). Se encontraron piojos en el 100% de pacientes. Se hizo serología de Weil-Felix a 5 pacientes en fase aguda con positividad 1/320 en uno de ellos. En la fase de convalecencia se hizo Weil-Felix a 16 pacientes obteniendo positividad en 15 de ellos. No hubo títulos menores de 1/320