RESUMO
This study compared the different factors associated with eating behaviors among young female and male athletes and non-athletes. A total of 580 female and male athletes and 362 female and male non-athletes between 10 and 19 years old participated. We used the subscales of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) to evaluate the factors associated with unhealthy eating behaviors. We found higher scores for females on the diet subscale compared with males, regardless of athletic group (P < 0.05). Non-athlete youths scored higher on this subscale compared with male athletes (P < 0.05). Our findings indicate higher scores for female athletes with regard to the bulimia and preoccupation with food subscale compared with other the groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, we observed that non-athlete males were more likely to engage in binge eating compared with athletes of the same sex (P < 0.05). Finally, females had higher scores on the oral self subscale than males, regardless of athletic group (P < 0.05). We concluded that the factors associated with eating behaviors differ with regard to sex and group.
Assuntos
Atletas/estatística & dados numéricos , Bulimia/epidemiologia , Restrição Calórica/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Adolescente , Atletas/psicologia , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bulimia/psicologia , Restrição Calórica/psicologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Dietary factors influence BDNF in animal studies, but there is no comparable data in clinical populations. We examined the effect of a dietary intervention on BDNF serum levels in 67 DSM-IV schizophrenic outpatients (51 males and 16 females). Two groups were assessed in a cross-sectional study: one on a hypocaloric diet (HD) and the other not on a hypocaloric diet. Weight, height and BMI data were collected concurrently with 5-ml blood sampling of each subject. BDNF levels were measured with a sandwich-ELISA. The blood sample was obtained a minimum of one month after the exposure to dietary intervention. Serum BDNF levels were significantly higher in patients on the HD (p=0.023). Additional research examining the interaction among patterns of nutritional food behavior and underlying physiopathology may result in insights upon which evidence-based decisions regarding dietary interventions can be made in people identified with major psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia.
Assuntos
Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/sangue , Restrição Calórica/psicologia , Esquizofrenia/sangue , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Estudos Transversais , Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Análise de Regressão , Psicologia do EsquizofrênicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Restrained eaters (RE) are individuals who restrain their food intake on a regular basis as they are frightened to gain weight. However, they tend to overeat under conditions of anxiety. It has been shown that RE possess a behavioral inhibition system that is more active in tonic terms, which would partially explain their affective vulnerability. Even so, the influence of variations in the activation levels of the emotional systems on the eating behavior of a RE is still unknown. Our hypothesis is that variations of such systems will give place to two types of RE: a successful or a non-successful one. AIM: To assess the influence of variations on the activation of motivational systems in food intake of RE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As part of a factorial experimental design, 105 undergraduate university students were part of an experimental test for inducting food intake. Then they reported their levels of dietary restraint and their emotional behavioral preferences. RESULTS: Differences in the activation of motivational systems were significantly related to differences in food intake (F= 7.210; p= 0.001). Additionally, food intake for those RE with a predominant inhibition system tended to be higher than for those with a more active approach system, though the latter did not reach a significant difference (F=0.718; p=0.399). CONCLUSIONS: Although more investigations are required, our data suggest that the success of retaining the diet among the RE would depend on their profile of affective reactivity (affective style). There are putative implications for research on anorexia and obesity.
Assuntos
Restrição Calórica/psicologia , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Motivação , Autoimagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Anorexia/psicologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Nível de Alerta/fisiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Inibição Psicológica , Controle Interno-Externo , Obesidade/psicologiaRESUMO
Background: Restrained eaters (RE) are individuals who restrain their food intake on a regular basis as they are frightened to gain weight. However, they tend to overeat under conditions of anxiety. It has been shown that RE possess a behavioral inhibition system that is more active in tonic terms, which would partially explain their affective vulnerability. Even so, the influence of variations in the activation levels of the emotional systems on the eating behavior of a RE is still unknown. Our hypothesis is that variations of such systems will give place to two types of RE: a successful or a non-successful one. Aim: To assess the influence of variations on the activation of motivational systems in food intake of RE. Materials and methods: As part of a factorial experimental design, 105 undergraduate university students were part of an experimental test for inducting food intake. Then they reported their levels of dietary restraint and their emotional behavioral preferences. Results: Differences in the activation of motivational systems were significantly related to differences in food intake (F= 7.210; p= 0.001). Additionally, food intake for those RE with a predominant inhibition system tended to be higher than for those with a more active approach system, though the latter did not reach a significant difference (F=0.718; p=0.399). Conclusions: Although more investigations are required, our data suggest that the success of retaining the diet among the RE would depend on their profile of affective reactivity (affective style). There are putative implications for research on anorexia and obesity.