RESUMO
ABSTRACT: To investigate the epidemiology and factors associated with the severity of viral acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in children hospitalized in Manaus, Amazonas, in 2017 to 2018.Retrospective cohort study of children hospitalized at the Hospital and Emergency Room Delphina Rinaldi Abdel Aziz, in Manaus, from April 01, 2017 to August 31, 2018, with a clinical diagnosis of ALRI and nasopharyngeal aspirates positive for at least 1 respiratory virus.One hundred forty-six children aged 0.2 to 66âmonths (median 7âmonths) were included. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the disease severity classified by an adapted Walsh et al score: moderate disease, score 0-4, nâ=â66 (45.2%) and severe disease, score 5-7, nâ=â80 (54.8%). A greater number of viral ALRI cases were observed in the rainiest months. Respiratory syncytial virus was the most prevalent (nâ=â103, 70.3%), followed by metapneumovirus (nâ=â24, 16.4%), influenza virus (nâ=â17, 11.6%), parainfluenza virus (nâ=â11, 7.5%), and adenovirus (nâ=â4, 2.7%). Co-detections of 2 to 3 viruses were found in 12 (8.2%) patients. The presence of viral coinfection was an independent risk factor for disease severity (adjusted relative risk [RR] 1.53; 95% CI 1.10-2.14). Twelve patients (8.2%) died, all with severe disease. Risk factors for death were shock (adjusted RR 10.09; 95% CI 2.31-43.90) and need for vasoactive drugs (adjusted RR 10.63; 95% CI 2.44-46.31).There was a higher incidence of viral ALRI in Manaus in the rainy season. Respiratory syncytial virus was the most prevalent virus. The presence of viral coinfection was an independent risk factor for disease severity.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/epidemiologia , Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/diagnóstico , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/virologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Coinfecção/diagnóstico , Coinfecção/virologia , Feminino , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Influenza Humana/diagnóstico , Influenza Humana/virologia , Alphainfluenzavirus/isolamento & purificação , Betainfluenzavirus/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Metapneumovirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/virologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/diagnóstico , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/virologia , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/isolamento & purificação , Respirovirus/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
Porcine respirovirus 1 (PRV1) is an emerging virus in pigs that has been previously described in the USA and China. There are no reports of its presence in the rest of the world. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of PRV1 in Chile and to determine its phylogeny. Thus, we collected samples (oral fluids, nasal swabs, and lungs) from a swine influenza A virus (IAV) surveillance program, most of which belonged to pigs with respiratory disease. The samples were analyzed by RT-PCR, and the viral sequencing was obtained using RNA whole-genome sequencing approach. Maximum likelihood phylogeny was constructed with the available references. Thirty-one of 164 samples (18.9 %) were RT-PCR positive for PRV1: 62.5 % oral fluids, 19.0 % nasal swabs, and 8.6 % lungs. All 6 farms in this study had at least one positive sample, with 6-40 % of positive results per farm, which suggests that PRV1 is disseminated in Chilean swine farms. Twenty-one of 31 (677%) PRV1-positive samples were also positive for IAV, so the role of PRV1 as secondary pathogen in respiratory disease needs to be further evaluated. Near to complete genome of two PRV1s were obtained from two farms. The phylogenies, in general, showed low bootstrap support, except the concatenated genome and the L gene trees which showed clustering of the Chilean PRV1 with Asian sequences, suggesting a close genetic relationship. This is the first report of PRV1 in the Southern Hemisphere. Further studies are necessary to determine the genetic diversity of this virus in Chile.
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Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/veterinária , Genoma Viral , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinária , Filogenia , Respirovirus/genética , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Animais , Chile , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/virologia , Fazendas , Respirovirus/isolamento & purificação , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Suínos , Sequenciamento Completo do GenomaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Acute respiratory infections are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in older adults and patients with chronic diseases. Among the responsible etiological agents are human respiratory viruses, such as: respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus and metapneumovirus. OBJECTIVE: To carry out a differential diagnostic study of respiratory viruses circulating and co-circulating in an adult population. METHODS: A pilot study was conducted in patients older than 18 years, who presented signs and symptoms suggestive of acute respiratory infection and whose clinical picture did not exceed 15 days of evolution; end-point polymerase chain reaction assays were performed with the use of specific oligonucleotides for molecular diagnosis. RESULTS: 72 specimens of patients with an age of 51.33 ± 19.33 years, with a predominance of females (4.5:1); original inhabitants of Mexico City; only 22 were positive for respiratory viruses, being mostly metapneumovirus infections. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge of the circulating viral strains in the population will allow to determine changes that can declare an epidemiological alert leading to the best decision making for the benefit of the patients.
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Metapneumovirus/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Humano/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Respirovirus/isolamento & purificação , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Coleta de Dados , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
Recent studies revealed common genetic risks for both viral bronchiolitis and asthma. Genome-wide association studies revealed that rs7216389 in the ORMDL3 gene is associated with childhood asthma. We conducted a case-control study examining the associations between ORMDL3 polymorphisms (rs7216389, rs12603332, and rs11650680) and bronchiolitis susceptibility/viral findings among 247 infant bronchiolitis cases and 190 healthy controls. We genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and detected respiratory viruses with multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Only the genotype and allele frequencies of rs7216389 significantly differed between bronchiolitis and controls. The frequencies of the TT homozygote and the T allele of rs7216389 were significantly higher in the bronchiolitis patients (P = 0.0325; P = 0.0089, respectively). Polymorphisms were not associated with bronchiolitis severity. Cases were further stratified by viral infection, but no significant differences in the ORMDL3 genotype between the virus-detected group (e.g., respiratory syncytial virus alone, respiratory virus alone, virus detected) and no-virus-detected group were observed. Bronchiolitis is associated with the ORMDL3 gene in Chinese children, and there were no significant associations between genetic variations and disease severity or respiratory viruses. The TT homozygote and the T allele of rs7216389 in ORMDL3 increased bronchiolitis risk. The rs7216389 polymorphism may be a predictor for identifying infants with predisposition to virus-induced wheezing to persistent asthma.
Assuntos
Asma/genética , Bronquiolite/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Infecções por Respirovirus/genética , Alelos , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/etiologia , Asma/fisiopatologia , Bronquiolite/complicações , Bronquiolite/diagnóstico , Bronquiolite/fisiopatologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , China , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Frequência do Gene , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Sons Respiratórios/diagnóstico , Sons Respiratórios/etiologia , Sons Respiratórios/fisiopatologia , Respirovirus/isolamento & purificação , Respirovirus/patogenicidade , Infecções por Respirovirus/complicações , Infecções por Respirovirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Respirovirus/fisiopatologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
During the influenza pandemic of 2009, the A(H1N1)pdm09, A/H3N2 seasonal and influenza B viruses were observed to be co-circulating with other respiratory viruses. To observe the epidemiological pattern of the influenza virus between May 2009-August 2011, 467 nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children less than five years of age in the city of Salvador. In addition, data on weather conditions were obtained. Indirect immunofluorescence, real-time transcription reverse polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and sequencing assays were performed for influenza virus detection. Of all 467 samples, 34 (7%) specimens were positive for influenza A and of these, viral characterisation identified Flu A/H3N2 in 25/34 (74%) and A(H1N1)pdm09 in 9/34 (26%). Influenza B accounted for a small proportion (0.8%) and the other respiratory viruses for 27.2% (127/467). No deaths were registered and no pattern of seasonality or expected climatic conditions could be established. These observations are important for predicting the evolution of epidemics and in implementing future anti-pandemic measures.
Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza B/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Estações do Ano , Tempo (Meteorologia) , Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Processos Climáticos , Coinfecção , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/fisiologia , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/fisiologia , Vírus da Influenza B/fisiologia , Influenza Humana/virologia , Líquido da Lavagem Nasal/virologia , Pandemias , Chuva/virologia , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/isolamento & purificação , Respirovirus/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Análise de Sequência , Luz Solar , Carga ViralRESUMO
During the influenza pandemic of 2009, the A(H1N1)pdm09, A/H3N2 seasonal and influenza B viruses were observed to be co-circulating with other respiratory viruses. To observe the epidemiological pattern of the influenza virus between May 2009-August 2011, 467 nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children less than five years of age in the city of Salvador. In addition, data on weather conditions were obtained. Indirect immunofluorescence, real-time transcription reverse polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and sequencing assays were performed for influenza virus detection. Of all 467 samples, 34 (7%) specimens were positive for influenza A and of these, viral characterisation identified Flu A/H3N2 in 25/34 (74%) and A(H1N1)pdm09 in 9/34 (26%). Influenza B accounted for a small proportion (0.8%) and the other respiratory viruses for 27.2% (127/467). No deaths were registered and no pattern of seasonality or expected climatic conditions could be established. These observations are important for predicting the evolution of epidemics and in implementing future anti-pandemic measures.
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/isolamento & purificação , /isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza B/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Estações do Ano , Tempo (Meteorologia) , Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Processos Climáticos , Coinfecção , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/fisiologia , /fisiologia , Vírus da Influenza B/fisiologia , Influenza Humana/virologia , Líquido da Lavagem Nasal/virologia , Pandemias , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Chuva/virologia , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/isolamento & purificação , Respirovirus/isolamento & purificação , Análise de Sequência , Luz Solar , Carga ViralRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Respiratory viral infections can induce different cytokine/chemokine profiles in lung tissues and have a significant influence on patients with asthma. There is little information about the systemic cytokine status in viral respiratory-infected asthmatic patients compared with non-asthmatic patients. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine changes in circulating cytokines (IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5) and chemokines (MCP1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and RANTES: regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) in patients with an asthmatic versus a non-asthmatic background with respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus or adenovirus respiratory infection. In addition, human monocyte cultures were incubated with respiratory viruses to determine the cytokine/chemokine profiles. PATIENTS/METHODS: Patients with asthmatic (n = 34) and non-asthmatic (n = 18) history and respiratory infections with respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, and adenovirus were studied. Healthy individuals with similar age and sex (n = 10) were used as controls. Cytokine/chemokine content in blood and culture supernatants was determined by ELISA. Monocytes were isolated by Hystopaque gradient and cocultured with each of the above-mentioned viruses. RESULTS: Similar increased cytokine concentrations were observed in asthmatic and non-asthmatic patients. However, higher concentrations of chemokines were observed in asthmatic patients. Virus-infected monocyte cultures showed similar cytokine/chemokine profiles to those observed in the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Circulating cytokine profiles induced by acute viral lung infection were not related to asthmatic status, except for chemokines that were already increased in the asthmatic status. Monocytes could play an important role in the increased circulating concentration of cytokines found during respiratory viral infections.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae/imunologia , Citocinas/sangue , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/imunologia , Infecções Respiratórias/imunologia , Adenoviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Adenoviridae/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Asma/complicações , Células Cultivadas , Criança , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Monócitos/imunologia , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae/patologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/patologia , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/imunologia , Infecções Respiratórias/patologia , Respirovirus/imunologia , Soro/química , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and effects of nosocomial respiratory viral infections (RVIs) in premature neonates, including those who may be asymptomatic. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a year-long surveillance for RVIs in infants <33 weeks gestational age admitted to 2 Syracuse neonatal intensive care units. Infants were enrolled within 3 days of neonatal intensive care unit admission and were sampled for RVIs until discharge using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay capable of detecting 17 different respiratory viruses or subtypes. RESULTS: Twenty-six of 50 prematurely born infants (52%) tested positive for a respiratory virus at least once during their birth hospitalization. Testing positive for a respiratory virus was significantly associated with longer length of stay (70 days vs 35 days, P = .002) and prolonged ventilatory support (51 vs 13 days, P = .002). Infants who tested positive for a respiratory virus during their birth hospitalization had more than twice the rate of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Nosocomial RVIs were frequent in our study population, despite the absence of clinical indicators of illness. Length of hospital stay was significantly longer and a diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was more common in infants who had respiratory viruses detected.
Assuntos
Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/métodos , Infecções Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Viroses/diagnóstico , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Hospitalização , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Masculino , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Respiração Artificial , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/metabolismo , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Respirovirus/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: Acute respiratory infections are an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality throughout the world, and viruses have often been reported to be an aetiological agent. This study aimed to identify respiratory viruses in paraffin-embedded samples of paediatric lung necropsy specimens, using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray slides. METHODS: Retrospective study in 200 lung tissue samples from children who had died from severe respiratory infections during 1985-2005. Immunoperoxidase assay was performed to detect the viruses that were most commonly associated with respiratory tract infections: influenza virus A (FLU A), influenza virus B (FLU B), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (AdV) and parainfluenza virus (PIV) types 1, 2 and 3. RESULTS: Viruses were detected in 71 (35.5%) cases. Most positive cases were observed in children younger than 6â months. In 42.3% of cases, only one virus was detected: 11 (36.7%) RSV; 7 (23.3%) AdV; 4 (13.3%) PIV2; 3 (10%) FLU A; 2 (6.7%) FLU B; 2 (6.7%) PIV3; and 1 (3.3%) PIV1. Co-infection with more than one virus was observed in 41 (57.7%) cases. No positive correlations were observed between the presence of viral antigens and seasonality of the infection, sex, age or histopathological findings. CONCLUSIONS: Non-pandemic seasonal respiratory viruses are involved in a significant number of deaths in paediatric patients; these findings highlight the importance of laboratory investigation of these agents in patients hospitalised with severe acute respiratory infections.
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Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Viroses/virologia , Doença Aguda , Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Distribuição por Idade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza B/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Humano/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Respiratórias/mortalidade , Respirovirus/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estações do Ano , Viroses/mortalidadeRESUMO
Little information on the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) infections, especially in children from tropical countries, has been published. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of HPIV infections in children attended at a large hospital in Fortaleza in Northeast Brazil, and describe seasonal patterns, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of these infections. From January 2001 to December 2006, a total of 3070 nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from children were screened by indirect immunofluorescence for human parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, and 3 (HPIV-1, 2 and 3) and other respiratory viruses. Viral antigens were identified in 933 samples and HPIV in 117. The frequency of HPIV-3, HPIV-1 and HPIV-2 was of 83.76%, 11.96% and 4.27%, respectively. Only HPIV-3 showed a seasonal occurrence, with most cases observed from September to November, and with an inverse relationship to the rainy season. Most HPIV-3 infections seen in outpatients were diagnosed as upper respiratory tract infections.
Assuntos
Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Vírus da Parainfluenza 2 Humana/isolamento & purificação , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Respirovirus/isolamento & purificação , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Little information on the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) infections, especially in children from tropical countries, has been published. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of HPIV infections in children attended at a large hospital in Fortaleza in Northeast Brazil, and describe seasonal patterns, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of these infections. From January 2001 to December 2006, a total of 3070 nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from children were screened by indirect immunofluorescence for human parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, and 3 (HPIV-1, 2 and 3) and other respiratory viruses. Viral antigens were identified in 933 samples and HPIV in 117. The frequency of HPIV-3, HPIV-1 and HPIV-2 was of 83.76 percent, 11.96 percent and 4.27 percent, respectively. Only HPIV-3 showed a seasonal occurrence, with most cases observed from September to November, and with an inverse relationship to the rainy season. Most HPIV-3 infections seen in outpatients were diagnosed as upper respiratory tract infections.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , /isolamento & purificação , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Respirovirus/isolamento & purificação , Estações do AnoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: During yearly influenza (FLU) season, FLU viruses are well represented among hospitalized patients as in the community. Also, other respiratory viruses could be represented among adult in-patients. AIM: to describe the presence and clinical- epidemiological characteristics of non-FLU respiratory virus infections (respiratory syncytial-RSV, parainfluenza and adenovirus-ADV) among hospitalized adults during FLU season and to compare with FLU-A (IA) or -B (IB) cases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Adult patients hospitalized at Hospital Clínico Universidad Católica between May to July 2004 with a respiratory virus infections confirmed by rapid antigen test or direct immunofluorescence of IA, IB (Flu group) or RSV, parainfluenza (1-2-3) and ADV (non-Flu group) were included. RESULTS: 86 cases were identified: 73.5% FLU (48.2% IA, 25.3% IB) and 26.5% non-FLU (15.7% parainfluenza-2; 8.4% RSV; 1.2% parainfluenza-3; 1.2% ADV). No differences were observed in general characteristics and evolution of patients. In FLU-group were more frequently observed myalgia, cough, hospitalization due to febrile syndrome, higher values of C-reactive protein and band leukocytes count (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: During 2004 FLU season a 26.5 % of respiratory viral infection were due to non-FLU viruses among adult hospitalized in our centre. The difficulty to difference FLU vs. non-FLU infections, suggest that it is necessary to include other respiratory virus in the viral etiological diagnosis, even in FLU season.
Assuntos
Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Chile/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza B/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Respirovirus/isolamento & purificação , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
A locality in the district of Tlalpan, Mexico City, was selected in order to identify the viral agents in children younger than 5 years of age with acute respiratory infection (ARI). A total of 300 children were randomly selected and were included in this study for a period of 13 months. During this period nasopharyngeal exudates were collected for the isolation of viral agents. Monoclonal fluorescent antibodies were used for viral identification after cell culture. Viral infection was detected in 65% of the specimens. The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the most common virus agent detected. Children required an average of two consultations during the study period. Two high incidence peaks were observed, one during the summer and the other during winter; the most frequent viruses during these seasons were influenza A and RSV, respectively. The largest number of viruses was isolated in the group of children between 1 and 2 years of age and in the group between 4 and 5 years of age. This study demonstrated the presence of ARI and of different viruses in a period of 13 months, as well as the most frequent viruses in children younger than 5 years of age from a community of Mexico City.
Assuntos
Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Viroses/virologia , Doença Aguda , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Vírus da Influenza B/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Humano/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Respirovirus/isolamento & purificação , Estações do Ano , Viroses/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A locality in the district of Tlalpan, Mexico City, was selected in order to identify the viral agents in children younger than 5 years of age with acute respiratory infection (ARI). A total of 300 children were randomly selected and were included in this study for a period of 13 months. During this period nasopharyngeal exudates were collected for the isolation of viral agents. Monoclonal fluorescent antibodies were used for viral identification after cell culture. Viral infection was detected in 65 percent of the specimens. The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the most common virus agent detected. Children required an average of two consultations during the study period. Two high incidence peaks were observed, one during the summer and the other during winter; the most frequent viruses during these seasons were influenza A and RSV, respectively. The largest number of viruses was isolated in the group of children between 1 and 2 years of age and in the group between 4 and 5 years of age. This study demonstrated the presence of ARI and of different viruses in a period of 13 months, as well as the most frequent viruses in children younger than 5 years of age from a community of Mexico City.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Viroses/virologia , Doença Aguda , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Estudos de Coortes , Imunofluorescência , Incidência , Vírus da Influenza B/isolamento & purificação , México/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Humano/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Respirovirus/isolamento & purificação , Estações do Ano , Viroses/epidemiologiaRESUMO
O Vírus Respiratório Sincicial Humano (VRSH) é descrito como o mais importante patógeno viral causador de doenças respiratórias agudas das vias respiratórias inferiores em crianças. Neste estudo 84 amostras de crianças com idade abaixo dos dois anos apresentando sintomas de doença respiratória aguda, foram obtidas no período de setembro de 2000 a novembro de 2001. Analise por imunofluorescência indireta e transcrição reversa seguida de PCR, revelou que 18 per center (15/84) das amostras foram positivas, sendo que em 80 per center (12/15) dos casos a detecção de VRSH foi observada em crianças abaixo dos seis meses, e também que os subgrupos A e B co-circularam. Estes são os primeiros dados obtidos para a cidade de Botucatu, sendo que a sazonalidade mostrou-se evidente pela maior circulação desse vírus entre os meses de maio e julho.
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Criança , Respirovirus , Infecções por Respirovirus , Imunofluorescência , MétodosRESUMO
É descrito o isolamento do vírus Parainfluenza bovino tipo 3 (bPI-3) a partir de secreçöes nasais coletadas de um bovino com infecçäo respiratória. A identificaçäo do agente foi realizada através de isolamento em cultivo celular e confirmada por testes de hemaglutinaçäo, inibiçäo da hemaglutinaçäo, hemadsorçäo e imunofluorescência direta. Este é o primeiro registro do isolamento do vírus no Rio Grande do Sul.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , RespirovirusRESUMO
Virus isolation attempts were carried out on wild-caught Xenosaurus grandis, X. platyceps, and Abronia graminea from Mexico. These animals were also tested for exposure to paramyxoviruses and reoviruses. Pharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected from 30 lizards, and blood was collected from 23 lizards. A cytopathogenic virus was isolated from the cloacal swab of one of the X. platyceps. The isolate was identified as a paramyxovirus on the basis of its sensitivity to chloroform, resistance to 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine, size and morphology of the viral particles, hemagglutination of chicken erythrocytes, and serologic reaction with paramyxovirus-specific antisera. Antibodies against the paramyxovirus isolated in this study were found in four animals from three species. Antibodies against a different paramyxovirus isolated from a monitor lizard were found in seven animals from three species, showing that all the species tested are susceptible to paramyxovirus infections. Antibodies to a reptilian reovirus were found in three of the X. grandis.
Assuntos
Lagartos , Infecções por Reoviridae/veterinária , Reoviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Respirovirus/veterinária , Respirovirus/imunologia , Animais , Animais Selvagens , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Cloaca/virologia , México/epidemiologia , Faringe/virologia , Infecções por Reoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Respirovirus/epidemiologia , Eliminação de Partículas ViraisRESUMO
AIMS: This study was carried out to determine the survival time of Escherichia coli, Salmonella choleraesuis, Aujeszky's Disease virus and Blue Eye Disease virus in ensilages based on the solid fraction of pig faeces. METHODS AND RESULTS: The four micro-organisms were inoculated into microsilos based on the solid fraction of pig faeces, sorghum and molasses. They were left for 0, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days, after which the state of each microsilo was evaluated, and isolation of the inoculated agents was attempted. The four inoculated agents were isolated only on day 0 of ensilage. The viral agents were identified through the cytopathic effect and fluorescence. CONCLUSIONS, SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: It is concluded that ensilages based on the solid fraction of pig faeces appear to reduce the risk of the transmission of the agents inoculated in this study and help to reduce the environmental impact by using the solid in animal feed.
Assuntos
Escherichia coli/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Herpesvirus Suídeo 1/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Respirovirus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Salmonella/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Silagem/microbiologia , Silagem/virologia , Animais , Escherichia coli/classificação , Fezes/microbiologia , Fezes/virologia , Salmonella/classificação , SuínosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The role of viral respiratory tract infections in the onset of childhood asthma and allergy is controversial, partly because of limited understanding about postnatal viral exposures. We investigated the prevalence of 3 common respiratory viruses and associated respiratory symptoms in 2-week-old infants at high risk for having asthma and allergy. STUDY DESIGN: Frozen nasal specimens from 2-week-old children at high risk (n = 495) underwent reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for picornavirus-, parainfluenza-, and respiratory syncytial virus-specific nucleic acid. RT-PCR findings were related to respiratory symptoms (cold, cough, and wheeze) and to characteristics implicated with increased risk for asthma and allergy. RESULTS: Viral RT-PCR was positive in 199 (40.2%) of 495 specimens examined, with picornavirus and parainfluenza significantly associated with respiratory symptoms. Viral prevalence was significantly higher in children born during the winter and summer months. CONCLUSIONS: A high percentage (40.2%) of infants at high risk for asthma and allergy had been exposed to common respiratory viruses at 2 weeks of age. RT-PCR is a powerful diagnostic method that can be used in epidemiologic studies examining the role of viral respiratory tract infections in the pathogenesis of pediatric asthma and allergy.