RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The objective of this analysis was to observe whether maternal and perinatal/neonatal outcomes of birth vary by timing of repeat cesarean among women with a history of one prior cesarean birth in a Guatemalan cohort. METHODS: This secondary analysis was conducted using data from a prospective study conducted in communities in Chimaltenango, Guatemala through the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research. RESULTS: Between January 2017 and April 2020, 26,465 women delivered; 3,143 (11.9%) of those women had a singleton gestation and a history of prior cesarean delivery. 2,210 (79.9%) women with a history of prior cesarean birth had data available on mode of delivery and gave birth by repeat cesarean; 1312 (59.4%) were pre-labor cesareans while 896 (40.5%) were intrapartum cesarean births. Risk factors associated with an increased risk of intrapartum cesarean birth included hospital delivery as compared to "other" location (ARR 1.6 [1.2,2.1]) and dysfunctional labor (ARR 1.6 [1.4,1.9]). Variables associated with a reduced risk of intrapartum cesarean birth were hypertensive disease (ARR 0.7 [0.6,0.9]), schooling (ARR 0.9 [0.8,0.9]), and increasing age, which was associated with a very slight reduction in the outcome (ARR 0.99 [0.98,0.99]). Maternal and neonatal outcomes did not vary by type of cesarean birth. CONCLUSION: Outcomes of cesarean birth do not seem to vary by timing of repeat cesarean birth, with hypertensive disease increasing the likelihood of pre-labor cesarean. This information might be useful in counseling women that outcomes after failed trial of labor do not appear worse than those after pre-labor cesarean birth.
Assuntos
Recesariana/métodos , Recesariana/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Guatemala , Humanos , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Abstract Objectives: describe mothers, pregnancies and newborns' characteristics according to the type of childbirth history and to analyze repeated cesarean section (RCS) and vaginal delivery after cesarean section (VBACS), in São Paulo State in 2012. Methods: data are from the Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Live Birth Information Systems). To find the RCS's group, the current type of childbirth equal to cesarean section was selected and from these all the previous cesareans. To identify the VBACS's group all live birth with current vaginal delivery were selected and from these all previous cesareans. Mothers with a history of RCS and VBACS were analyzed according to the characteristics of the pregnancy, newborn and the childbirth hospital. Results: 273,329 mothers of live birth with at least one previous child were studied. 43% of these were born of RCS and 7.4% of VBACS. Mothers who underwent RCS are older and higher educated and their newborns presented a lower incidence of low birth weight. Early term was the most frequent rating for gestational age born of RCS. Live births were of VBACS and had greater proportions of late term. The RCS was more common in hospitals not affiliated with the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) (Public Health System) (44.1%). Conclusion: the high RCS's rates, especially in the private sector, highlight the necessity of improvements in childbirth care model in São Paulo.
Resumo Objetivos: descrever características das mães, da gestação e do recém-nascido, segundo histórico de tipo de parto, analisando repetição de cesárea (RC) e parto vaginal após cesárea (PVAC), no Estado de São Paulo, em 2012. Métodos: os dados são provenientes do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos. Para encontrar o conjunto RC, selecionou-se o tipo de parto atual igual a cesárea e destes buscou-se todos com cesárea anterior. Para identificar o grupo PVAC, selecionou-se os recém-nascido com parto atual vaginal e destes buscou-se todos com cesárea anterior. Foram analisadas mães com história de RC e PVAC, segundo características da gestação, do recémnascido e hospital do parto. Resultados: estudou-se 273.329 nascidos vivos de mães com pelo menos um filho anterior. Destes, 43% nasceram por RC e 7,4% por PVAC. As mães que realizaram RC são mais velhas e mais escolarizadas, seus recém-nascidos apresentaram menor proporção de baixo peso ao nascer. Termo precoce foi a mais frequente idade gestacional dos que nasceram por RC. Os recém-nascidos por PVAC apresentaram maiores proporções de termo tardio. RC foi mais frequente nos hospitais sem vínculo com o Sistema Único de Saúde (44,1%). Conclusão: as altas taxas de RC, principalmente no setor privado, evidenciam necessidade de melhoras no modelo de atenção ao parto em São Paulo.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Sistema Único de Saúde , Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Nascimento Vaginal Após Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Recesariana/estatística & dados numéricos , Tocologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Gestantes , Nascido Vivo/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Objetivo: Calcular taxa de parto vaginal e cesárea em pacientes com uma cesárea anterior e gestação a termo, bem como fatores associados à recorrência de cesaria- na. Métodos: Estudo caso-controle, por meio de dados de prontuário de gestantes a termo com uma cesárea prévia admitidas para parto na Maternidade Darcy Vargas do município de Joinville (SC), em 2019. Resultados: Foram analisadas 788 pacientes, das quais 331 (42,00%) tiveram parto normal (PN) e 457 (58,00%), cesárea (CS). O grupo PN foi composto por mulheres mais velhas (29; 28) e com mais gestações que o grupo CS, possuindo pelo menos um parto normal prévio (171; 57; p < 0,001). Como fator de risco para recorrência de cesárea, destacou-se a presença de colo desfavorável no momento do parto (47; 356; p < 0,001). Internação por trabalho de parto (284; 92; p < 0,001) e ruptura prematura de membranas (RUPREME) (33; 79; p = 0,030) estão entre os fatores de proteção para ocorrência de uma nova cesariana. Conclusão: A taxa de parto vaginal pós-cesariana (VBAC) foi de 42% e a de parto cesáreo foi de 58%, condi- zente com valores de referência mundiais. O fato de ter um ou mais partos normais anteriores e internar-se em trabalho de parto ou com RUPREME foi fator protetor contra a repetição da cesárea, enquanto o colo desfavorável no momento da inter- nação foi fator de risco. Há grande divergência na literatura, sendo necessários mais estudos para elaborar estratégias que auxiliem profissionais e pacientes a decidirem pela melhor via de parto após cesariana anterior.(AU)
Objective: To calculate the rate of vaginal and cesarean delivery in patients with pre- vious cesarean section and pregnancy to term, as well as factors associated with recur- rent abdominal delivery. Methods: Case-control study, by medical records of pregnant women to term with a previous cesarean section admitted for delivery at Maternity Dar- cy Vargas in the city of Joinville (SC) in 2019. Results: 788 patients, of which 331 (42,00%) had a normal delivery (PN) and 457 (58,00%) cesarean section (CS). The PN group was composed of older women (29;28), and who had more pregnancies than the CS group, having at least 1 previous vaginal birth (171; 57; p < 0,001). As a risk factor for cesarean recurrence, the presence of an unfavorable cervix at the time of delivery was highlighted (47; 356; p < 0,001). Hospitalization for labor (284; 92; p < 0,001) and premature rupture of membranes (33; 79; p = 0,030) are among the protective factors for the occurrence of a new cesarean section. Conclusion: The post-cesarean vaginal birth (VBAC) rate was 42% and the cesarean delivery rate was 58%, consistent with world reference values. The fact of having one or more previous normal bir- ths, hospitalization in labor or with premature rupture of fetal membranes were protective factors against the repetition of cesarean section, while the unfavorable cervix at the time of hospitalization was a risk factor. There is divergence in litera- ture, therefore more studies are needed to develop strategies that help professionals and patients to decide on the best way of delivery after a previous cesarean section.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Recesariana/estatística & dados numéricos , Parto Normal/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Prontuários Médicos , Fatores de RiscoAssuntos
Recesariana/estatística & dados numéricos , Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Parto Obstétrico/estatística & dados numéricos , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Nascimento Vaginal Após Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Bases de Dados Factuais , Parto Obstétrico/métodos , Feminino , Guatemala , Humanos , Paridade , Gravidez , Melhoria de Qualidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIM: There is much discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC). Some data suggest the greater the likelihood of success, the lower the risks of TOLAC. Our goal was to identify clinical and demographic variables associated with a failed TOLAC, available at admission for spontaneous labor and until 3 h later, with the aim of building two scores for risk of failed TOLAC. METHODS: This is a nested case-control study with live births to women with one previous cesarean, in a public Brazilian teaching hospital. Preterm, induction, noncephalic presentations, twins, fetal malformations were excluded. Cases were failed TOLAC, and controls, the successful TOLAC. It was accessed the association of the cases with 20 variables (P < 0.05). Associated variables were tested in multivariate analysis to build the scores, which were internally validated. RESULTS: We included 260 TOLAC, 42 cases and 218 controls. We found 11 variables associated with failed TOLAC. In the score to be applied at admission, we included hypertension, fundal height, previous vaginal birth and dilatation at admission. In the second score hypertension, fundal height at admission, membrane status and difference in dilatation 3 h after admission. Both scores presented good performance in the receiver-operator curve (areas under curve: 0.73 and 0.84, respectively). Both scores were translated into nomograms for clinical use. CONCLUSION: Two scores were built for risk of failed TOLAC, to be applied at admission and 3 h later. We believe that choosing the more favorable cases makes risks of TOLAC lower.
Assuntos
Complicações do Trabalho de Parto/etiologia , Admissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Medição de Risco/métodos , Prova de Trabalho de Parto , Nascimento Vaginal Após Cesárea/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Recesariana/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Modelos Logísticos , Análise Multivariada , Gravidez , Gravidez de Alto Risco , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the hospital, maternal, and obstetric characteristics associated with elective repeat cesarean delivery (ERCD) among women eligible for trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) delivery in Brazil. METHODS: The present data were retrieved from the Birth in Brazil study, a national hospital-based cohort study conducted during 2011-2012. Data were collected from medical records and by interview. Univariate and hierarchical multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze factors associated with ERCD among women with a previous cesarean delivery who were eligible for TOLAC. RESULTS: Among 2295 women considered eligible for TOLAC, 1516 (66.1%) had an ERCD; the overall cesarean delivery rate was 79.4%. In the private sector, almost all deliveries (95.3%) were performed by ERCD. In the public sector, ERCD was associated with socioeconomic (more years of schooling), obstetric (women's preference, no previous vaginal delivery, macrosomia), and hospital (mixed hospital, location in noncapital city, fewer than 1500 deliveries per year) characteristics. CONCLUSION: The ERCD rate in Brazil was high even in a low-risk group, indicating that nonclinical factors may be driving the decision for cesarean delivery. Efforts aiming to reduce cesarean deliveries in Brazil should target women with a previous cesarean delivery.
Assuntos
Recesariana/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Privados/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Públicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Prova de Trabalho de Parto , Adulto , Brasil , Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Estudos de Coortes , Escolaridade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Macrossomia Fetal/cirurgia , Humanos , Preferência do Paciente , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Nascimento Vaginal Após Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Cesárea/métodos , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Cesárea/efeitos adversos , Cesárea/mortalidade , Recesariana/estatística & dados numéricos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez , Medição de Risco , Prova de Trabalho de Parto , Nascimento Vaginal Após Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Variations exist in the surgical techniques used for caesarean section and many have not been rigorously assessed in randomised controlled trials. We aimed to assess whether any surgical techniques were associated with improved outcomes for women and babies. METHODS: CORONIS was a pragmatic international 2×2×2×2×2 non-regular fractional, factorial, unmasked, randomised controlled trial that examined five elements of the caesarean section technique in intervention pairs. CORONIS was undertaken at 19 sites in Argentina, Chile, Ghana, India, Kenya, Pakistan, and Sudan. Each site was assigned to three of the five intervention pairs: blunt versus sharp abdominal entry; exteriorisation of the uterus for repair versus intra-abdominal repair; single-layer versus double-layer closure of the uterus; closure versus non-closure of the peritoneum (pelvic and parietal); and chromic catgut versus polyglactin-910 for uterine repair. Pregnant women were eligible if they were to undergo their first or second caesarean section through a planned transverse abdominal incision. Women were randomly assigned by a secure web-based number allocation system to one intervention from each of the three assigned pairs. All investigators, surgeons, and participants were unmasked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was the composite of death, maternal infectious morbidity, further operative procedures, or blood transfusion (>1 unit) up to the 6-week follow-up visit. Women were analysed in the groups into which they were allocated. The CORONIS Trial is registered with Current Controlled Trials: ISRCTN31089967. FINDINGS: Between May 20, 2007, and Dec 31, 2010, 15â935 women were recruited. There were no statistically significant differences within any of the intervention pairs for the primary outcome: blunt versus sharp entry risk ratio 1·03 (95% CI 0·91-1·17), exterior versus intra-abdominal repair 0·96 (0·84-1·08), single-layer versus double-layer closure 0·96 (0·85-1·08), closure versus non-closure 1·06 (0·94-1·20), and chromic catgut versus polyglactin-910 0·90 (0·78-1·04). 144 serious adverse events were reported, of which 26 were possibly related to the intervention. Most of the reported serious adverse events were known complications of surgery or complications of the reasons for the caesarean section. INTERPRETATION: These findings suggest that any of these surgical techniques is acceptable. However, longer-term follow-up is needed to assess whether the absence of evidence of short-term effects will translate into an absence of long-term effects. FUNDING: UK Medical Research Council and WHO.
Assuntos
Cesárea/métodos , Complicações na Gravidez/cirurgia , Prática Profissional/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Argentina , Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Recesariana/métodos , Recesariana/estatística & dados numéricos , Chile , Feminino , Gana , Humanos , Índia , Quênia , Paquistão , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez , Sudão , Técnicas de Fechamento de Ferimentos/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In recent years, rising rates of caesarean section are of concern in the medical community in many countries, especially in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: Determine if there is a difference in the rate of Caesarean sections in a restricted-access hospital (HC) and an open-access hospital (HA) using the Robson classification to explain potential differences. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prospective cohort study was conducted. This in volved all patients that attended the obstetrics sector in the two hospitals in Buenos Aires where they gave birth between 1 June 2009 and 25h January 2010. The open-access hospital is open to doctors with varying professional training and differing clinical practice. The restricted-access hospital, on the other hand, can only be attended by specified doctors with certain professional training; their medical) conduct is based on service standards and clinical practice. RESULTS: Over the study period 762 patients who fulfilled the study criteria were included from the open-access hospital and 768 from the restricted-access hospital. The global rate of caesarean sections in the HAwas 53.5%, and 48.7% in the HC, RR 1.09 (CI 0.99-1.21) a difference that was not statistically significant (p = 0.058). The onset of spontaneous labour in the HAwas significantly more than in the HC (74.9% vs. 41.8%) RR 2.66 (CU.98-3.57). The induced labour was significantly lower in HA (9,7% vs. 28,3%); RR 0.34 (CI 0.27-0.44). Elective caesarean sections were significantly lower in the HA (15.3% vs. 29.9%) RR 0.51 (CI 0.42-0.62). CONCLUSION: This study reveals a similar rate of caesarean sections in two private hospitals with different systems of care. However, it observed that the HA has a greater tendency to operate on patients at the onset of spontaneous labour and the HC has a greater number of induced labour and elective caesarean section.
Assuntos
Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Privados/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Argentina/epidemiologia , Recesariana/estatística & dados numéricos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Hospitais Privados/classificação , Humanos , Trabalho de Parto Induzido/estatística & dados numéricos , Idade Materna , Paridade , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Caesarean section is the most common surgery performed in all hospitals of second level of care in the health sector and more frequently in private hospitals in Mexico. OBJECTIVE: To determine the behavior that caesarean section in different hospitals in the health sector in the city of Aguascalientes and analyze the indications during the same period. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A descriptive and cross in the top four secondary hospitals in the health sector of the state of Aguascalientes, which together account for 81% of obstetric care in the state, from 1 September to 31 October 2008. Were analyzed: indication of cesarean section and their classification, previous pregnancies, marital status, gestational age, weight and minute Apgar newborn and given birth control during the event. RESULTS: were recorded during the study period, 2.964 pregnancies after 29 weeks, of whom 1.195 were resolved by Caesarean section with an overall rate of 40.3%. We found 45 different indications, which undoubtedly reflect the great diversity of views on the institutional medical staff to schedule a cesarean section. CONCLUSIONS: Although each institution has different resources and a population with different characteristics, treatment protocols should be developed by staff of each hospital to have the test as a cornerstone of labor, also request a second opinion before a caesarean section, all try to reduce the frequency of cesarean section.
Assuntos
Cesárea , Hospitais Públicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Urbanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Peso ao Nascer , Desproporção Cefalopélvica/epidemiologia , Desproporção Cefalopélvica/cirurgia , Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Recesariana/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Sofrimento Fetal/epidemiologia , Sofrimento Fetal/cirurgia , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto/epidemiologia , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto/cirurgia , Política Organizacional , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Complicações na Gravidez/cirurgia , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Esterilização Tubária/estatística & dados numéricos , Procedimentos DesnecessáriosRESUMO
Antecedentes: Los riesgos relativos y absolutos asociados a la prueba de trabajo de parto en cesareadas anteriores han originado un aumento en la tasa de cesáreas, a pesar de las evidencias que demuestran la seguridad y los beneficios de la prueba de trabajo de parto. Objetivos: Determinar los resultados materno-perinatales de las gestantes con antecedente de una cesárea previa, a quienes se les indicó prueba de trabajo de parto. Diseño: Estudio de cohortes, retrospectivo, analítico. Institución: Unidad de Medicina Fetal, Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Gestantes con antecedente de una cesárea previa y atendidas en el parto. Intervenciones: Se revisó 584 historias clínicas de mujeres con antecedente de una cesárea previa que dieron a luz entre enero y diciembre de 2007. Se excluyó las pacientes que no cumplían los criterios de inclusión y se obtuvo los resultados materno perinatales de las 266 gestantes restantes. Principales medidas de resultados: Resultados materno-perinatales. Resultados: De 266 gestantes con antecedente de una cesárea previa y sin contraindicación para el parto vaginal, a 188 (70,7%) se les indicó cesárea electiva repetida y a 78 (29,3%), prueba de trabajo de parto. De estas últimas, 51 (65,3%) tuvieron éxito. Los resultados maternos muestran en el grupo de cesárea electiva una rotura uterina, una histerectomía y dos casos de hemorragia posparto. En el grupo prueba de trabajo de parto, no hubo rotura uterina, histerectomía, hemorragia posparto. No hubo muertes maternas en algún grupo. En cuanto a los resultados perinatales, no hubo caso de muerte intraútero anteparto o intraparto, Ápgar menor de 7 a los 5 minutos, ni muertes neonatales, en ninguno de los dos grupos. Conclusiones: No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en los resultados materno-perinatales de las gestantes con antecedente de una cesárea previa a quienes se indicó prueba de trabajo de parto.
Background: The absolute and relative risks associated with the trial of labour in women with previous cesarean section have led to an increase in the rate of caesarean sections, despite the evidence that demonstrates the safety and benefits of trial of labour. Objectives: To determine maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with prior cesarean section to whom trial of labor was indicated. Design: Cohorts, retrospective, analytical study. Setting: Fetal Medicine Unit, Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima, Peru. Participants: Pregnant women with prior cesarean section and attended at their delivery. Interventions: We reviewed clinical records of 584 women with history of previous cesarean section who delivered at Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal between January and December 2007. We excluded patients who did not meet inclusion criteria and reviewed outcomes of the remaining 266. Main outcome measures: Maternal and perinatal outcomes. Results: From 266 pregnant women with one previous C-section and no contraindications for vaginal delivery 188 (70.7%) had indication of repeat cesarean section and 78 (29.3%) had trial of labor, successful in 51 (65.3%). In the elective cesarean group there was one uterine rupture, one hysterectomy, and two post-partum hemorrhages. In the trial of labour group there were no uterine ruptures, hysterectomies, post-partum hemorrhage. There were no maternal deaths in any group as well as any antepartum or intrapartum intrauterine death, Apgar score below 7 at 5 minutes or neonatal deaths. Conclusions: There was no statistical significant difference in perinatal and maternal outcomes in pregnant women with previous C-section who had trial of labour compared with those who had elective repeated cesarean section. The success rate of trial of labour group was 65.3%.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Nascimento Vaginal Após Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Recesariana/estatística & dados numéricos , Trabalho de Parto , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de CoortesRESUMO
Describir las complicaciones maternoneonatales en cesárea electiva y parto vaginal en cesareadas previas. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo tipo serie de casos. Institución: Servicio de Obstetricia, Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia. Participantes: Pacientes con antecedente de cesárea. Intervenciones: Se incluyó en el estudio 1 591 pacientes con antecedente de cesárea atendidas entre el 1 de enero de 2001 y el 31 de diciembre de 2009. Se obtuvo los datos del Sistema Informático Perinatal (SIP), de la planilla de egresos hospitalarios 2001-2009, historias clínicas y libros de egreso de Banco de Sangre. Principales medidas de resultados: Complicaciones maternoneonatales derivadas de la cesárea. Resultados: La tasa de partos vaginales en pacientes con antecedente de cesárea fue 19%, y 81% de pacientes fue sometida a nueva cesárea. Hubo 18 casos de endometritis y 3 de infección de herida operatoria en el grupo de cesareadas a repetición, en contraste con dos casos de endometritis y ningún caso de infección de herida operatoria en el grupo de parto vaginal. Hubo pocos casos de Ápgar bajo y ninguno de muerte neonatal. Conclusiones: El porcentaje de complicaciones maternoneonatales fue similar en ambos grupos.
Objectives: To determine maternal and perinatal outcomes in a new cesarean procedure and vaginal delivery in women with prior cesarean delivery. Design: Descriptive, series of cases study. Setting: Obstetrics Service, Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Participants: We included 1 591 patients who had prior cesarean delivery between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2009. We used the Perinatal Information System, clinical charts and Blood Unit registry. Main outcome measures: Maternal and neonatal complications associated with cesarean section. Results: The rate of vaginal deliveries and cesarean deliveries in women with prior cesarean delivery were respectively 19% and 81%. We found 18 endometritis cases and 3 infections of the operative wound in the group of cesarean deliveries, and two endometritis and no infections in the vaginal birth group. There were few cases of low Apgar and no neonatal death. Conclusions: The percentage of maternal and neonatal complications was similar in both groups.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Complicações na Gravidez , Nascimento Vaginal Após Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Recesariana/estatística & dados numéricos , Epidemiologia DescritivaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the delivery mode preferred by pregnant women with 1 previous cesarean delivery and to investigate the relationship between preferred and actual mode of delivery. METHOD: We reviewed the records of 215 women who were delivered in a London hospital with a history of 1 cesarean delivery. Women who planned an elective repeat cesarean section (ERCS) were compared with those who planned a vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). RESULTS: Although 55.3% chose VBAC overall, only 37.8% of those who chose it were delivered by it, whereas 94.8% of those who chose ERCS were delivered by ERCS. Nonwhite women were more likely to choose VBAC than white women (odds ratio, 3.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-6.1) but less likely to be deliver by it (odds ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.68). CONCLUSION: In this study, VBAC was the method of delivery preferred by most women. Nonwhite women were more likely to choose VBAC over ERCS but less likely to be delivered by VBAC.
Assuntos
Recesariana/estatística & dados numéricos , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Nascimento Vaginal Após Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Ásia/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Londres/epidemiologia , Paridade , Satisfação do Paciente/etnologia , Gravidez , Fumar , Índias Ocidentais/etnologia , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the association between first and last caesarian sections with tubal sterilization; to determine length of reproductive life after the first delivery. METHODS: From February to October 2001 in a university hospital, interviews were carried out with 653 women having had at least two pregnancies. Of these women, 172 had a first caesarian section; 294 had a last caesarian section. Variables were social demographic characteristics, obstetric history and characteristics of the first and last deliveries and tubal sterilization. Bivariate analysis was performed, followed by multiple regression analysis calculating the adjusted odds ratio. Women who had undergone tubal sterilization were divided into age groups of 25 to 44 and >45 years in a percentile distribution. The Wilcoxon test was used to analyze age at tubal sterilization and length of reproductive life after the last delivery. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee. RESULTS: Of these women, 89% completed<8 years of school education and 78% were Caucasian. On multiple regression analysis, there was an association between the first and last caesarian section (OR=15.28, 95%CI 8.54 to 27.36), having a partner (OR=3.87, CI95% 1.63 to 9.17) and giving birth in the '70s, '80s or '90s (OR=4.43, 95%CI 1.37 to 14.27), (OR=6.11, 95%CI 1.47 to 25.47) and (OR=6.67, 95%CI 1.21 to 40.26), respectively. The last caesarian section was associated with intrapartum tubal sterilization (OR=14.09, 95%CI 7.37 to 26.97), giving birth in the '70s, '80s or '90s (OR=1.81, 95%CI 1.06 to 3.09), (OR=5.53, 95%CI 3.18 to 9.61) and (OR=5.90, 95%CI 3.03 to 11.48), respectively, family income of >5 minimum wages (OR=2.41, 95%CI 1.42 to 4.08) and age at first delivery>25 years (OR=1.80, 95%CI 1.01 to 3.22). Mean age at sterilization was 29.0 and 33.2 years in women aged 25 to 44 years and >45 years, respectively (p<0.001). The duration of the reproductive period after the first delivery was 9.0 and 11.4 years for the same groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The first caesarian section was associated with the last caesarian section. The last caesarian section was associated with intrapartum tubal sterilization. Age at sterilization was lower and the reproductive period was shorter among younger women.
Assuntos
Cesárea , Esterilização Tubária , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Recesariana/estatística & dados numéricos , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Esterilização Tubária/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Tempo , Nascimento Vaginal Após Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Estudar a associação entre a primeira e a última cesáreas e laqueadura tubária; determinar tempo de vida reprodutivo após o primeiro parto. MÉTODOS: Foram entrevistadas 653 mulheres com pelo menos duas gestações, de fevereiro a outubro de 2001 em hospital universitário, 172 com primeira e 294 com última cesárea. As variáveis foram sociodemográficas, obstétricas e características do primeiro e último partos e da laqueadura. Utilizou-se análise bivariada, posteriormente regressão múltipla com cálculo do odds ratio ajustado. Mulheres laqueadas foram separadas em grupos de 25 a 44 e > 45 anos, distribuídas em percentis e aplicou-se o teste de Wilcoxon para análise da idade na laqueadura e tempo de vida reprodutivo após o último parto. O estudo teve aprovação do Comitê de Ética. RESULTADOS: Do total de mulheres, 89 por cento tinham escolaridade < 8 anos e 78 por cento eram brancas. Após regressão múltipla, associaram-se à primeira cesárea o último parto cesárea (OR=15,28, IC 95 por cento 8,54 a 27,36), ter companheiro (OR=3,87, IC 95 por cento 1,63 a 9,17) e ter dado à luz nas décadas de 70, 80 e 90 (OR=4,43 IC 95 por cento 1,37 a 14,27; OR=6,11, IC 95 por cento 1,47 a 25,47; e OR=6,67, IC 95 por cento 1,21 a 40,26), respectivamente. Estiveram associadas à última cesárea a laqueadura intraparto (OR=14,09, IC 95 por cento 7,37 a 26,97), ter dado à luz nas décadas de 70, 80 e 90 (OR=1,81, IC 95 por cento 1,06 a 3,09; OR=5,53, IC 95 por cento 3,18 a 9,61; e OR=5,90, IC 95 por cento 3,03 a 11,48), respectivamente, renda familiar > 5 salários (OR=2,41, IC 95 por cento 1,42 a 4,08) e idade no primeiro parto > 25 anos (OR=1,80, IC 95 por cento 1,01 a 3,22). A idade média na laqueadura foi de 29 e 33,2 anos nas mulheres com 25 a 44 anos e > 45 anos, respectivamente (p<0,001), o período reprodutivo após o primeiro parto foi de 9 e 11,4 anos para os mesmos grupos (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A primeira cesárea associou-se à última cesárea e esta...
OBJECTIVE: To study the association between first and last caesarian sections with tubal sterilization; to determine length of reproductive life after the first delivery. METHODS: From February to October 2001 in a university hospital, interviews were carried out with 653 women having had at least two pregnancies. Of these women, 172 had a first caesarian section; 294 had a last caesarian section. Variables were social demographic characteristics, obstetric history and characteristics of the first and last deliveries and tubal sterilization. Bivariate analysis was performed, followed by multiple regression analysis calculating the adjusted odds ratio. Women who had undergone tubal sterilization were divided into age groups of 25 to 44 and >45 years in a percentile distribution. The Wilcoxon test was used to analyze age at tubal sterilization and length of reproductive life after the last delivery. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee. RESULTS: Of these women, 89 percent completed <8 years of school education and 78 percent were Caucasian. On multiple regression analysis, there was an association between the first and last caesarian section (OR=15.28, 95 percentCI 8.54 to 27.36), having a partner (OR=3.87, CI95 percent 1.63 to 9.17) and giving birth in the '70s, '80s or '90s (OR=4.43, 95 percentCI 1.37 to 14.27), (OR=6.11, 95 percentCI 1.47 to 25.47) and (OR=6.67, 95 percentCI 1.21 to 40.26), respectively. The last caesarian section was associated with intrapartum tubal sterilization (OR=14.09, 95 percentCI 7.37 to 26.97), giving birth in the '70s, '80s or '90s (OR=1.81, 95 percentCI 1.06 to 3.09), (OR=5.53, 95 percentCI 3.18 to 9.61) and (OR=5.90, 95 percentCI 3.03 to 11.48), respectively, family income of >5 minimum wages (OR=2.41, 95 percentCI 1.42 to 4.08) and age at first delivery >25 years (OR=1.80, 95 percentCI 1.01 to 3.22). Mean age at sterilization was 29.0 and 33.2 years in women aged 25 to 44 years and >45 years,...
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cesárea , Esterilização Tubária , Fatores Etários , Brasil/epidemiologia , Recesariana/estatística & dados numéricos , Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Esterilização Tubária/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Tempo , Nascimento Vaginal Após Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
In the last 50 years, a rapid increase in the use of technology to start, augment, accelerate, regulate and monitor the process of birth has frequently led to the adoption of inadequate, unnecessary and sometimes dangerous interventions. Although research has shown that the least amount of interference compatible with safety is the paradigm to follow, vaginal birth is still being treated as if it carries a high risk to women's health and sexual life in Brazil. This paper describes the impact of the intervention model on women's birth experience, and discusses how the organisation of public and private maternity services in Brazil influences the quality of obstetric care. Brazil is known for high rates of unnecessary caesarean section ("the cut above"), performed in over two-thirds of births in the private sector, where 30% of women give birth. The 94.2% rate of episiotomy ("the cut below") in women who give birth vaginally, affecting the 70% of poor women using the public sector most, receives less attention. A change in the understanding of women's bodies is required before a change in the procedures themselves can be expected. Since 1993, inspired by campaigns against female genital mutilation, a national movement of providers, feminists and consumer groups has been promoting evidence-based care and humanisation of childbirth in Brazil, to reduce unnecessary surgical procedures.
Assuntos
Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Episiotomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços de Saúde Materna/normas , Bem-Estar Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde da Mulher , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cesárea/psicologia , Recesariana/estatística & dados numéricos , Episiotomia/psicologia , Extração Obstétrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Educação em Saúde , Hospitais Privados/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Públicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Serviços de Saúde Materna/estatística & dados numéricos , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Direitos da MulherRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess and compare the preferences of pregnant women in the public and private sector regarding delivery in Brazil. DESIGN: Face to face structured interviews with women who were interviewed early in pregnancy, about one month before the due date, and about one month post partum. SETTING: Four cities in Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: 1612 pregnant women: 1093 public patients and 519 private patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of delivery by caesarean section in public and private institutions; women's preferences for delivery; timing of decision to perform caesarean section. RESULTS: 1136 women completed all three interviews; 476 women were lost to follow up (376 public patients and 100 private patients). Despite large differences in the rates of caesarean section in the two sectors (222/717 (31%) among public patients and 302/419 (72%) among private patients) there were no significant differences in preferences between the two groups. In both antenatal interviews, 70-80% in both sectors said they would prefer to deliver vaginally. In a large proportion of cases (237/502) caesarean delivery was decided on before admission: 48/207 (23%) in women in the public sector and 189/295 (64%) in women in the private sector. CONCLUSIONS: The large difference in the rates of caesarean sections in women in the public and private sectors is due to more unwanted caesarean sections among private patients rather than to a difference in preferences for delivery. High or rising rates of caesarean sections do not necessarily reflect demand for surgical delivery.
Assuntos
Cesárea/psicologia , Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Setor Privado/estatística & dados numéricos , Setor Público/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Brasil , Recesariana/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Paridade , Gravidez , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: In view of the high frequency rates of cesarean section at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), we carried out a study to know main causes and its justification. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective study in a randomized national sample of clinical records in 3,232 cesarean cases between June 1997 and June 1999. RESULTS: The most frequent indications were cephalopelvic disproportion (29.6%), one previous section (20.9%), acute fetal distress (14.1%), iterative section (11.9%), and premature rupture of amniotic membranes (10.7%). In cephalopelvic disproportion cases, mean weight of newborns was 3,430 g., 70.6% of patients had irregular uterine contractility, and 21.7% received oxytocin; 78.2% had integrity of membranes and 4 cm or less in cervical dilation. In previous section and cephalopelvic disproportion the mean weight of newborns was 3,425 g; 81.7% did not have regular contractility and, 4.8 received oxytocin. In sections due to acute fetal distress, 94.9% had an Apgar in 8 or more at 5 minutes after delivery. CONCLUSION: The cesarean indications at the IMSS were similar to those are informed most to date in Mexico and throughout the world, but we did not find justification most of cases in this study.
Assuntos
Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Procedimentos Desnecessários/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Recesariana/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Sofrimento Fetal/epidemiologia , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical indications for the repeated cesarean section (RCS). In order to determine if the indication was an absolute or a relative one and to establish if it was justified. This is a cross sectional study of all patients with a previous cesarean delivery who underwent a RCS from January 1996 to December 1997 at the National Institute of Perinatology. Multiple pregnancies were excluded. According to the indication two groups were identified: those with an absolute indications and those with a relative one. In order to assess the differences between both groups data were analyzed through chi square test or Fisher's Exact test. During the study period there were 5,545 cesarean deliveries, 664 were RSC (11.9%). Only 641 of the RCS complied with the inclusion criteria for the study. Average maternal age was 30 years. More than half the patients under study (57.2%) did not have any pathological condition during pregnancy, and the rest (42.7%) had at least one (preeclampsia, diabetes mellitus/gestational, chronic hypertension). Indications for the previous cesarean section were absolute in 25.9% and relative in 74.1% (p = 0.0006). Indications for the RCS were also predominantly relative (70.7%), with only 29.3%) absolute (p = 0.0001). The main RCS indications were: elective (20.1%) cephalopelvic disproportion (17.8%), preeclampsia (15.4%), fetal distress (8%). Trial for vaginal delivery was undertaken in 65.4% of the absolute indications group and in 36.9% of the relative indications group (p = 0.0001). Low Apgar one minute and five minute scores were more frequent among the absolute indications group (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01 respectively). Newborns having had an absolute cesarean delivery indication entered the National Intensive Care Unit more frequently (53.6%) than those with relative indications (46.4%) (p = 0.001). The main indication for RCS in our hospital were relative, and thus it is possible to reduce the cesarean rate through a thorough assessment of all cases with a previous cesarean section, and by giving a delivery trial of all this patients.