RESUMO
Sarcopenia is a pathology resulting from a progressive and severe loss of muscle mass, strength, and function in the course of aging, which has deleterious consequences on quality of life. Among the most widespread studies on the issue are those focused on the effect of different types of physical exercise on patients with sarcopenia. This randomized controlled study aimed to compare the effects of a whole-body vibration exercise (WBV) session on the inflammatory parameters of non-sarcopenic (NSG, n=22) and sarcopenic elderly (SG, n=22). NSG and SG participants were randomly divided into two protocols: intervention (squat with WBV) and control (squat without WBV). After a one-week washout period, participants switched protocols, so that everyone performed both protocols. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy radiological absorptiometry (DXA) and function through the six-minute walk test (6MWD) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Plasma soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and measured before and immediately after each protocol. After exercise with WBV, there was an increase in sTNFR2 levels in the NSG (P<0.01; d=-0.69 (-1.30; -0.08) and SG (P<0.01, d=-0.95 (-1.57; -0.32) groups. In conclusion, an acute session of WBV influenced sTNFr2 levels, with sarcopenic individuals showing a greater effect. This suggested that WBV had a more pronounced impact on sTNFr2 in those with loss of muscle strength and/or physical performance. Additionally, WBV is gaining recognition as an efficient strategy for those with persistent health issues.
Assuntos
Sarcopenia , Vibração , Humanos , Sarcopenia/sangue , Sarcopenia/terapia , Vibração/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Absorciometria de Fóton , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Acute capsaicinoid and capsinoid supplementation has endurance and resistance exercise benefits; however, if these short-term performance benefits translate into chronic benefits when combined with resistance training is currently unknown. This study investigated changes of chronic Capsiate supplementation on muscular adaptations, inflammatory response and performance in untrained men. METHODS: Twenty untrained men were randomized to ingest 12 mg Capsiate (CAP) or placebo in a parallel, double-blind design. Body composition and performance were measured at pre-training and after 6 weeks of resistance training. An acute resistance exercise session test was performed pre and post-intervention. Blood samples were collected at rest and post-resistance exercise to analyze Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), Soluble TNF- receptor (sTNF-r), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10). RESULTS: Exercise and CAP supplementation increased fat-free mass in comparison to baseline by 1.5 kg (P < 0.001), however, the majority of the increase (1.0 kg) resulted from an increase in total body water. The CAP change scores for fat-free mass were significantly greater in comparison to the placebo (CAP ∆%= 2.1 ± 1.8 %, PLA ∆%= 0.7 ± 1.3 %, P = 0.043) and there was a significant difference between groups in the bench press exercise (P = 0.034) with greater upper body strength change score for CAP (∆%= 13.4 ± 9.1 %) compared to placebo (∆%= 5.8 ± 5.2 %), P = 0.041. CAP had no effect on lower body strength and no supplementation interactions were observed for all cytokines in response to acute resistance exercise (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Chronic Capsiate supplementation combined with resistance training during short period (6 weeks) increased fat-free mass and upper body strength but not inflammatory response and performance in young untrained men.
Assuntos
Capsaicina/análogos & derivados , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Força Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Treinamento Resistido/métodos , Adulto , Desempenho Atlético , Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Água Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Água Corporal/metabolismo , Capsaicina/administração & dosagem , Capsaicina/farmacologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Interleucina-10/sangue , Interleucina-6/sangue , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
An imbalance of inflammatory/anti-inflammatory and oxidant/antioxidant molecules has been implicated in the demyelination and axonal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). The current study aimed to evaluate the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR)1, sTNFR2, adiponectin, hydroperoxides, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), nitric oxide metabolites, total plasma antioxidant capacity using the total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), sulfhydryl (SH) groups, as well as serum levels of zinc in 174 MS patients and 182 controls. The results show that MS is characterized by lowered levels of zinc, adiponectin, TRAP, and SH groups and increased levels of AOPP. MS was best predicted by a combination of lowered levels of zinc, adiponectin, TRAP, and SH groups yielding an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC/ROC) curve of 0.986 (±0.005). The combination of these four antioxidants with sTNFR2 showed an AUC/ROC of 0.997 and TRAP, adiponectin, and zinc are the most important biomarkers for MS diagnosis followed at a distance by sTNFR2. Support vector machine with tenfold validation performed on the four antioxidants showed a training accuracy of 92.9% and a validation accuracy of 90.6%. The results indicate that lowered levels of those four antioxidants are associated with MS and that these antioxidants are more important biomarkers of MS than TNF-α signaling and nitro-oxidative biomarkers. Adiponectin, TRAP, SH groups, zinc, and sTNFR2 play a role in the pathophysiology of MS, and a combination of these biomarkers is useful for predicting MS with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Drugs that increase the antioxidant capacity may offer novel therapeutic opportunities for MS.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/sangue , Inflamação/sangue , Esclerose Múltipla/sangue , Redes Neurais de Computação , Máquina de Vetores de Suporte , Adiponectina/sangue , Adulto , Produtos da Oxidação Avançada de Proteínas/sangue , Antioxidantes/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esclerose Múltipla/diagnóstico , Esclerose Múltipla/tratamento farmacológico , Óxido Nítrico/sangue , Estresse Nitrosativo , Oxirredução , Estresse Oxidativo , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Compostos de Sulfidrila/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The immune system generates inflammatory responses through cytokines like Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and the Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF α); these cytokines mediate cellular responses aided by the presence of soluble receptors such as: Soluble Interleukin 6 Receptor (sIL6R) and Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors Type 1 and 2 (sTNFR1, sTNFR2); the literature is limited about the relationship between this cytokines and the role of its soluble receptors. OBJECTIVES: This study is to determine a possible relationship between specific inflammatory markers and their soluble receptors with the autonomic nervous system's activity and body composition. METHODS: 27 subjects (13 men of 19.3 ± 1.6 years old and 14 women of 19.1 ± 1.7 years old) were evaluated. Body composition, autonomic nervous system activity and plasma concentration of inflammatory markers IL-6, TNF α, sIL6R, sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 were measured using bio-impedance, heart rate variability and ELISA respectively. RESULTS: A positive association between body-fat percentage and the sIL6R (0.47, p = .013) as well as inverse relationship between muscular mass and the sIL6R (-0.45, p = .019) were found. The sIL6R was also positively correlated with sympathetic activity markers: Relation LF/HF (0.52, p = .006), cardiac sympathetic index (0.45, p = .008), and cardiac vagal index (-0.44, p = .022). CONCLUSION: This study suggested that the IL-6 trans-signaling involving both the soluble receptor, sIL6R, and gp130 membrane co-receptor could produce inflammatory responses that generate an impact on the autonomic nervous system, possibly due to its direct action on the hypothalamus, the solitary tract nucleus, or the heart.
Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Composição Corporal , Receptores de Interleucina-6/sangue , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucina-6/sangue , Masculino , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aims of this study were 1) to characterize the intensity of the vibration stimulation in women diagnosed with fibromyalgia (FM) compared to a control group of healthy women (HW) matched by age and anthropometric parameters, and 2) to investigate the effect of a single session of whole body vibration (WBV) on inflammatory responses. Levels of adipokines, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFr1, sTNFr2), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was estimated by a portable gas analysis system, heart rate (HR) was measured using a HR monitor, and perceived exertion (RPE) was evaluated using the Borg scale of perceived exertion. Acutely mild WBV increased VO2 and HR similarly in both groups. There was an interaction (disease vs vibration) in RPE (P=0.0078), showing a higher RPE in FM compared to HW at rest, which further increased in FM after acute WBV, whereas it remained unchanged in HW. In addition, there was an interaction (disease vs vibration) in plasma levels of adiponectin (P=0.0001), sTNFR1 (P=0.000001), sTNFR2 (P=0.0052), leptin (P=0.0007), resistin (P=0.0166), and BDNF (P=0.0179). In conclusion, a single acute session of mild and short WBV can improve the inflammatory status in patients with FM, reaching values close to those of matched HW at their basal status. The neuroendocrine mechanism seems to be an exercise-induced modulation towards greater adaptation to stress response in these patients.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Fibromialgia/sangue , Fibromialgia/terapia , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Vibração , Adipocinas/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Humanos , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/terapia , Interleucina-8/sangue , Leptina/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Resistina/sangueRESUMO
The aims of this study were 1) to characterize the intensity of the vibration stimulation in women diagnosed with fibromyalgia (FM) compared to a control group of healthy women (HW) matched by age and anthropometric parameters, and 2) to investigate the effect of a single session of whole body vibration (WBV) on inflammatory responses. Levels of adipokines, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFr1, sTNFr2), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was estimated by a portable gas analysis system, heart rate (HR) was measured using a HR monitor, and perceived exertion (RPE) was evaluated using the Borg scale of perceived exertion. Acutely mild WBV increased VO2 and HR similarly in both groups. There was an interaction (disease vs vibration) in RPE (P=0.0078), showing a higher RPE in FM compared to HW at rest, which further increased in FM after acute WBV, whereas it remained unchanged in HW. In addition, there was an interaction (disease vs vibration) in plasma levels of adiponectin (P=0.0001), sTNFR1 (P=0.000001), sTNFR2 (P=0.0052), leptin (P=0.0007), resistin (P=0.0166), and BDNF (P=0.0179). In conclusion, a single acute session of mild and short WBV can improve the inflammatory status in patients with FM, reaching values close to those of matched HW at their basal status. The neuroendocrine mechanism seems to be an exercise-induced modulation towards greater adaptation to stress response in these patients.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vibração , Exercício Físico , Fibromialgia/sangue , Fibromialgia/terapia , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Interleucina-8/sangue , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/sangue , Leptina/sangue , Resistina/sangue , Adipocinas/sangue , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/terapiaRESUMO
Although acute exercise is apparently pro-inflammatory and increases oxidative stress, it can promote the necessary stress stimulus to train chronic adaptations in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). This study aimed to compare the effects of exercise intensity and duration on the inflammatory markers soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and on oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes: catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] in individuals with CHF. Eighteen patients performed three exercise sessions: 30 min of moderate-intensity (M30) exercise, 30 min of low-intensity (L30) exercise, and 45 min of low-intensity (L45) exercise. Blood analysis was performed before exercise (baseline), immediately after each session (after), and 1 h after the end of each session (1h after). Thirty min of M30 exercise promoted a larger stressor stimulus, both pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative, than that promoted by exercises L30 and L45. This was evidenced by increased sTNFR1 and MDA levels after exercise M30. In response to this stressor stimulus, 1 h after exercise, there was an increase in IL-6 and CAT levels, and a return of sTNFR1 to baseline levels. These findings suggest that compared with the duration of exercise, the exercise intensity was an important factor of physiologic adjustments.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/sangue , Teste de Esforço , Insuficiência Cardíaca/imunologia , Inflamação/imunologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Adulto , Catalase/sangue , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/sangue , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/fisiopatologia , Interleucina-6/sangue , Masculino , Malondialdeído/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Superóxido Dismutase/sangueRESUMO
Although acute exercise is apparently pro-inflammatory and increases oxidative stress, it can promote the necessary stress stimulus to train chronic adaptations in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). This study aimed to compare the effects of exercise intensity and duration on the inflammatory markers soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and on oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes: catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] in individuals with CHF. Eighteen patients performed three exercise sessions: 30 min of moderate-intensity (M30) exercise, 30 min of low-intensity (L30) exercise, and 45 min of low-intensity (L45) exercise. Blood analysis was performed before exercise (baseline), immediately after each session (after), and 1 h after the end of each session (1h after). Thirty min of M30 exercise promoted a larger stressor stimulus, both pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative, than that promoted by exercises L30 and L45. This was evidenced by increased sTNFR1 and MDA levels after exercise M30. In response to this stressor stimulus, 1 h after exercise, there was an increase in IL-6 and CAT levels, and a return of sTNFR1 to baseline levels. These findings suggest that compared with the duration of exercise, the exercise intensity was an important factor of physiologic adjustments.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Teste de Esforço , Insuficiência Cardíaca/imunologia , Inflamação/imunologia , Superóxido Dismutase/sangue , Catalase/sangue , Doença Crônica , Interleucina-6/sangue , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/sangue , Inflamação/fisiopatologia , Inflamação/sangue , Malondialdeído/sangueRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a six-month lifestyle intervention on adiponectin, resistin, and two soluble forms of tumor necrosis factor-α receptor (sTNFR) in obese adolescents. A total of 54 obese adolescents aged 10 to 16 years completed the program. Twenty-four adolescents with normal weight at baseline were used as a control group. Our results demonstrated that obese adolescents had abnormal lipid profile, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, adiponectin level (5.6 ± 2.7 vs. 7.6 ± 2.9 µg/mL, p = 0.005) as well as resistin level (31.0 ± 9.0 vs. 24.3 ± 8.5 ng/mL, p = 0.003), whereas levels of both sTNFRs were similar to those in normal weight subjects. After the six-month lifestyle intervention, obese adolescents had a slight but significant drop in standard deviation score-body mass index (SDS-BMI), a significant decrease in waist circumference, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HOMA index, as well as resistin, and a significant increase in adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. In adolescents without decreased SDS-BMI, no change was observed in adipokines. Changes in adiponectin correlated negatively with changes in waist circumference (r = -0.275, p = 0.044). Changes in resistin correlated positively with changes in triglycerides (r = 0.302, p = 0.027). The study demonstrated the increase of resistin and the decrease of adiponectin in obese adolescents. Lifestyle intervention improved adipokine abnormalities in obese subjects.
Assuntos
Adiponectina/sangue , Estilo de Vida , Obesidade/terapia , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Resistina/sangue , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Feminino , Homeostase , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Obesidade/sangue , Triglicerídeos , Circunferência da CinturaRESUMO
Inflammatory mechanisms have been implicated in a series of neuropsychiatric conditions, including behavioral disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, and affective disorders. Accumulating evidence also strongly suggests their involvement in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to evaluate plasma levels of inflammatory biomarkers, and their association with cognitive performance and other non-motor symptoms of PD. PD patients and control individuals were subjected to various psychometric tests, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). Biomarker plasma levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PD patients exhibited worse performance on MMSE and the programming task of FAB, and presented higher soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR) plasma levels than control individuals. Among PD patients, increased sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 concentrations were associated with poorer cognitive test scores. After multiple linear regression, sTNFR1 and education remained a significant predictor for FAB scores. Our data suggest that PD is associated with a proinflammatory profile, and sTNFRs are putative biomarkers of cognitive performance, with elevated sTNFR1 levels predicting poorer executive functioning in PD patients.
Assuntos
Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Cognição/fisiologia , Doença de Parkinson/sangue , Doença de Parkinson/psicologia , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Transtornos Cognitivos/sangue , Transtornos Cognitivos/complicações , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Doença de Parkinson/complicaçõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The mechanisms by which humans regulate pro- and anti-inflammatory responses on exposure to different malaria parasites remains unclear. Although Plasmodium vivax usually causes a relatively benign disease, this parasite has been suggested to elicit more host inflammation per parasitized red blood cell than P. falciparum. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We measured plasma concentrations of seven cytokines and two soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α receptors, and evaluated clinical and laboratory outcomes, in Brazilians with acute uncomplicated infections with P. vivax (nâ=â85), P. falciparum (nâ=â30), or both species (nâ=â12), and in 45 asymptomatic carriers of low-density P. vivax infection. Symptomatic vivax malaria patients, compared to those infected with P. falciparum or both species, had more intense paroxysms, but they had no clear association with a pro-inflammatory imbalance. To the contrary, these patients had higher levels of the regulatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10, which correlated positively with parasite density, and elevated IL-10/TNF-α, IL-10/interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-10/IL-6 and sTNFRII/TNF-α ratios, compared to falciparum or mixed-species malaria patient groups. Vivax malaria patients had the highest levels of circulating soluble TNF-α receptor sTNFRII. Levels of regulatory cytokines returned to normal values 28 days after P. vivax clearance following chemotherapy. Finally, asymptomatic carriers of low P. vivax parasitemias had substantially lower levels of both inflammatory and regulatory cytokines than did patients with clinical malaria due to either species. CONCLUSIONS: Controlling fast-multiplying P. falciparum blood stages requires a strong inflammatory response to prevent fulminant infections, while reducing inflammation-related tissue damage with early regulatory cytokine responses may be a more cost-effective strategy in infections with the less virulent P. vivax parasite. The early induction of regulatory cytokines may be a critical mechanism protecting vivax malaria patients from severe clinical complications.
Assuntos
Citocinas/sangue , Inflamação/imunologia , Malária/imunologia , Plasmodium falciparum/imunologia , Plasmodium vivax/imunologia , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas , Brasil , Hemoglobinas/análise , Humanos , Inflamação/etiologia , Malária/complicações , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of squat exercises combined with whole-body vibration on the plasma concentration of inflammatory markers and the functional performance of elderly individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN: Clinical, prospective, randomized, single-blinded study. SETTING: Exercise physiology laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Elderly subjects with knee OA (N=32) were divided into 3 groups: (1) squat exercises on a vibratory platform (platform group, n=11); (2) squat exercises without vibration (squat group, n=10); and (3) the control group (n=11). INTERVENTIONS: The structured program of squat exercises in the platform and squat groups was conducted 3 times per week, on alternate days, for 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Plasma soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptors 1 (sTNFR1) and 2 (sTNFR2) were measured using immunoassays (the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method). The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index questionnaire was used to evaluate self-reported physical function, pain, and stiffness. The 6-minute walk test, the Berg Balance Scale, and gait speed were used to evaluate physical function. RESULTS: In the platform group, there were significant reductions in the plasma concentrations of the inflammatory markers sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 (P<.001 and P<.05, respectively) and self-reported pain (P<.05) compared with the control group, and there was an increase in balance (P<.05) and speed and distance walked (P<.05 and P<.001, respectively). In addition, the platform group walked faster than the squat group (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that whole-body vibration training improves self-perception of pain, balance, gait quality, and inflammatory markers in elderly subjects with knee OA.
Assuntos
Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Osteoartrite do Joelho/sangue , Osteoartrite do Joelho/reabilitação , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Vibração , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Marcha/fisiologia , Avaliação Geriátrica , Humanos , Masculino , Osteoartrite do Joelho/fisiopatologia , Medição da Dor , Equilíbrio Postural/fisiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Método Simples-Cego , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resultado do Tratamento , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Modified ultrafiltration (MUF) has been shown to decrease the postcardiac surgery inflammatory response and to improve respiratory function and cardiac performance in pediatric patients; however, this approach has not been well established in adults. The present study hypothesized that MUF could decrease the postsurgical inflammatory response, leading to improved respiratory and cardiac function in adults undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: Sixty patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were randomized to the MUF or control group (n = 30 each). MUF was performed for 15 minutes at the end of bypass. The following data were recorded at the beginning of anesthesia, end of bypass, end of experimental treatment, and 24 and 48 hours after surgery: alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, red blood cell units transfused, chest tube drainage, hemodynamic parameters, and cytokine levels (interleukin-6, P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor). RESULTS: The MUF group displayed less chest tube drainage than the control group after 48 hours (598 ± 123 mL vs 848.0 ± 455 mL; P = .04) and less red blood cell transfusions (0.6 ± 0.6 units/patient vs 1.6 ± 1.1 units/patient; P = .03). Hematocrit level was higher in the MUF group than in the control group at the end of bypass (37.8% ± 1.1% vs 34.1% ± 1.1%; P < .05), but the levels were comparable at 48 hours. Similar values for interleukin-6 and P-selectin were observed at all stages. Plasma levels of intercellular adhesion molecule were higher in the MUF group than in the control group, particularly in the first sampling after experimental treatment (P = .01). Plasma levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor were higher in the MUF group than in the control group at 48 hours. Hemodynamic and oxygen transport parameters were similar in both groups throughout the observation period. There were no differences in other clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Use of MUF was associated with increased inflammatory response, reduced blood loss, and less blood transfusions in adults undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
Assuntos
Ponte de Artéria Coronária/efeitos adversos , Hemofiltração/efeitos adversos , Inflamação/etiologia , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Análise de Variância , Biomarcadores/sangue , Brasil , Ponte Cardiopulmonar/efeitos adversos , Tubos Torácicos , Drenagem/instrumentação , Transfusão de Eritrócitos , Feminino , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Inflamação/sangue , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Molécula 1 de Adesão Intercelular/sangue , Interleucina-6/sangue , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxigênio/sangue , Selectina-P/sangue , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/sangue , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with considerable higher chronic medical comorbidities, overweight and obesity. Adipokines are adipocyte-derived secretory factors which have functions in immune response and seem to be associated with both BD and overweight. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma levels of adipokines (adiponectin, resistin and leptin) and TNF-α and its receptors (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) in BD overweight patients in comparison with overweight controls. Thirty euthymic BD type-I patients and thirty controls matched by age, gender and body-mass index (BMI) were assessed by Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Young Mania and Hamilton Depression rating scales (YMRS and HDRS, respectively). Plasma levels of adiponectin, resistin, leptin, TNF-α and its soluble receptors were measured by ELISA. BD patients presented increased plasma levels of adiponectin (p < 0.001), leptin (p < 0.001) and sTNFR1 (p = 0.01). Plasma levels of adipokines were not correlated neither with clinical parameters nor TNF-α, sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 plasma levels. This study provides further support to the hypothesis of the immune/inflammatory imbalance in BD.
Assuntos
Adipocinas/sangue , Transtorno Bipolar , Sobrepeso , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Transtorno Bipolar/imunologia , Transtorno Bipolar/fisiopatologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Imunidade , Inflamação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Sobrepeso/imunologia , Sobrepeso/psicologia , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Projetos de Pesquisa , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Dengue virus infection can lead to dengue fever (DF) or dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Disease severity has been linked to an increase in various cytokine levels. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of doxycycline and tetracycline to modulate serum levels of IL-6, IL-1B, and TNF and cytokine receptor/receptor antagonist TNF-R1 and IL-1RA in patients with DF or DHF. Hospitalized patients were randomized to receive standard supportive care or supportive care combined with doxycycline or tetracycline therapy. Serum cytokine and cytokine receptor/antagonist levels were determined at the onset of therapy and after 3 and 7 days. Cytokine and cytokine receptor/antagonist levels were substantially elevated at day 0. IL-6, IL-1ß, and TNF remained at or above day 0 levels throughout the study period in untreated patients. Treatment with tetracycline or doxycycline resulted in a significant decline in cytokine levels. Similarly, IL-1RA and TNF-R1 serum concentrations were elevated at baseline and showed a moderate increase among untreated patients. Both drugs resulted in a significant rise in IL-1Ra levels by day 3 in patients. In contrast, treatment did not affect a similar result for TNF-R1. When compared to the control group, however, a significant rise post-treatment was seen upon intragroup analysis. Further analysis demonstrated that doxycycline was significantly more effective at modulating cytokine and cytokine receptor/antagonist levels than tetracycline.
Assuntos
Doxiciclina/administração & dosagem , Dengue Grave/tratamento farmacológico , Dengue Grave/imunologia , Tetraciclina/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Doxiciclina/uso terapêutico , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Proteína Antagonista do Receptor de Interleucina 1/sangue , Proteína Antagonista do Receptor de Interleucina 1/imunologia , Interleucina-1beta/sangue , Interleucina-1beta/imunologia , Interleucina-6/sangue , Interleucina-6/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/imunologia , Dengue Grave/sangue , Dengue Grave/fisiopatologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Tetraciclina/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The host immune response plays an important role in viral clearance in patients who are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and are treated with interferon and ribavirin. Activation of the immune system involves the release of pro and anti-inflammatory molecules that can be measured in plasma samples. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between pretreatment plasma levels of chemokines and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNF-R) and the virological response in treated patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. Forty-one chronically-infected HCV patients that were being treated with interferon-α (IFN-α) plus ribavirin were included in the study. Socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected and pretreatment plasma levels of chemokine CCL2, CCL3, CCL11, CCL24, chemokine CXCL9, CXCL10, sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 were measured. The virological response was assessed at treatment week 12, at the end of treatment and 24 weeks after treatment. Pretreatment CXCL10 levels were significantly higher in patients without an early virological response (EVR) or sustained virological response (SVR) compared to responders [512.9 pg/mL vs. 179.1 pg/mL (p = 0.011) and 289.9 pg/mL vs. 142.7 pg/mL (p = 0.045), respectively]. The accuracy of CXCL10 as a predictor of the absence of EVR and SVR was 0.79 [confidence interval (CI) 95%: 0.59-0.99] and 0.69 (CI 95%: 0.51-0.87), respectively. Pretreatment plasma levels of the other soluble inflammatory markers evaluated were not associated with a treatment response. Pretreatment CXCL10 levels were predictive of both EVR and SVR to IFN-α and ribavirin and may be useful in the evaluation of candidates for therapy.
Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Quimiocinas/sangue , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Interferon-alfa/uso terapêutico , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Ribavirina/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Hepatite C Crônica/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , RNA Viral/sangue , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do Tratamento , Carga ViralRESUMO
The host immune response plays an important role in viral clearance in patients who are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and are treated with interferon and ribavirin. Activation of the immune system involves the release of pro and anti-inflammatory molecules that can be measured in plasma samples. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between pretreatment plasma levels of chemokines and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNF-R) and the virological response in treated patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. Forty-one chronically-infected HCV patients that were being treated with interferon-α (IFN-α) plus ribavirin were included in the study. Socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected and pretreatment plasma levels of chemokine CCL2, CCL3, CCL11, CCL24, chemokine CXCL9, CXCL10, sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 were measured. The virological response was assessed at treatment week 12, at the end of treatment and 24 weeks after treatment. Pretreatment CXCL10 levels were significantly higher in patients without an early virological response (EVR) or sustained virological response (SVR) compared to responders [512.9 pg/mL vs. 179.1 pg/mL (p = 0.011) and 289.9 pg/mL vs. 142.7 pg/mL (p = 0.045), respectively]. The accuracy of CXCL10 as a predictor of the absence of EVR and SVR was 0.79 [confidence interval (CI) 95 percent: 0.59-0.99] and 0.69 (CI 95 percent: 0.51-0.87), respectively. Pretreatment plasma levels of the other soluble inflammatory markers evaluated were not associated with a treatment response. Pretreatment CXCL10 levels were predictive of both EVR and SVR to IFN-α and ribavirin and may be useful in the evaluation of candidates for therapy.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Antivirais , Quimiocinas/sangue , Hepatite C Crônica , Interferon-alfa , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Ribavirina , Biomarcadores/sangue , Quimioterapia Combinada , Hepatite C Crônica/sangue , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , RNA Viral/sangue , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do Tratamento , Carga ViralRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways with significant changes in leucocyte trafficking, cellular activation and tissue remodelling. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been involved with asthma and allergic diseases but its role as a severity marker in paediatric asthma has not been clinically assessed. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate plasma BDNF and inflammatory markers in order to address their relationships with disease severity in children (6-15 years) with controlled persistent asthma. METHODS: Children with persistent asthma were selected and lung function and skin prick tests were performed in all patients. Plasma BDNF levels and various inflammatory markers (CCL3, CCL11, CCL22, CCL24, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, soluble TNF receptors) were assessed by ELISAs. RESULTS: Subjects with moderate and severe asthma had higher BDNF levels than mild asthma and controls (P<0.001). The chemokines studied and soluble TNF receptors did not differ between the studied groups. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our results indicate BDNF as a potential biomarker for clinical severity in children with asthma.
Assuntos
Asma/sangue , Asma/fisiopatologia , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/sangue , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adolescente , Biomarcadores/sangue , Quimiocinas CC/sangue , Criança , Humanos , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/sangueRESUMO
There is a growing body of evidence implicating inflammatory cytokines and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) in the generation of migraine pain. No previous study evaluated BNDF levels during migraine attacks and there are conflicting results regarding tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) serum levels. This study compared serum levels of TNF-alpha, soluble TNF receptors 1 and 2 (sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2), and BDNF during migraine attacks and in headache-free periods. Nine patients with episodic migraine were clinically evaluated during a migraine attack and in a headache-free period. Blood sample of each patient in both occasions was collected and all serum was submitted to TNF-alpha, sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2, and BDNF determination by ELISA. There was no significant difference in the serum levels of TNF-alpha, sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 in migraine attack period and headache-free period. BDNF serum levels were significantly higher during migraine attack than in pain-free period. This is the first report showing that BDNF serum levels increase during migraine attack. This reinforces the view that BDNF may be implicated in the physiopathology of migraine.
Assuntos
Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/sangue , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/sangue , Adulto , Citocinas/sangue , Citocinas/classificação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/sangue , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Host immune response seems to be mainly responsible for the progression of liver disease among patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Immune activation involves the release of cytokines and their receptors that can be measured in plasma samples. The study aimed to evaluate the association between plasma levels of chemokines and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR) and liver histological changes among patients with chronic HCV infection. Seventy-one treatment-naive patients were included. Plasma levels of CCL2, CCL3, CCL11, CCL24, CXCL9, CXCL10, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 were measured and liver histological findings were reviewed. Plasma levels of CXCL9, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 were significantly associated with liver fibrosis, with higher median levels found among patients with moderate/severe fibrosis (F >or= 2) if compared to those with no or mild fibrosis (p = 0.014; p = 0.012; p = 0.009, respectively). Plasma sTNFR2 levels were significantly associated with necroinflammatory activity, with higher median levels among patients with moderate/severe activity (A >or= 2) if compared to those with no or mild activity (2.34 ng/mL vs. 1.99 ng/mL; p = 0.019). In conclusion, plasma levels of CXCL9, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 were independently associated with liver histological changes, suggesting a role of TNF activation and Th1-type cell-mediated immune response in the pathogenesis of HCV infection.