RESUMO
Ivan IV "The Terrible" was the first Tsar of all Russias and was crowned in 1547. He extended Russian territories and opened the route to Siberia in successful campaigns against Tartars. He increased his personal power to the point of generating an autocracy that isolated him progressively from the council of Boyars. He had a complex personality and his acts were impregnated by a profound religiousness, episodes of rage, mood changes and a sense of "personal fate". All these traits configure the controversial "temporal lobe personality". The possible association between these personality traits and the eventual epilepsy that Ivan IV could suffer, is discussed. This association is called "temporal lobe syndrome". Considering the mood changes, with severe irritability and episodes of control loss alternated with feelings of guilt, sadness and isolation, another possibility is that the Tsar had an affective bipolar disorder or, less probably, a personality disorder.
Assuntos
Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/história , Pessoas Famosas , Transtornos da Personalidade/história , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/psicologia , História do Século XVI , Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia , Rússia (pré-1917) , SíndromeRESUMO
Even at the beginning of the next millennium, aspirin will still offer surprises. Its relatively young pharmacological history compares with the early use of salicylate-containing plants since antiquity. The Assyrians and the Egyptians were aware of the analgesic effects of a decoction of myrtle or willow leaves for joint pains. Hippocrates recommended chewing willow leaves for analgesia in childbirth and the Reverend Edward Stones is acknowledged as the first person to scientifically define the beneficial antipyretic effects of willow bark. At the beginning of the 19th century salicin was extracted from willow bark and purified. Although a French chemist, Charles Gerhardt, was the first to synthesize aspirin in a crude form, the compound was ignored, and later studied by Felix Hoffmann. He reportedly tested the rediscovered agent on himself and on his father, who suffered from chronic arthritis--a legend was born and Bayer Laboratories rose to the heights of the pharmacological world. First used for its potent analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties, aspirin was successfully used as an antithrombotic agent. Sir John Vane elucidated aspirin's active mechanism as an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase and received the Nobel Price in Medicine for this work in 1982. Two isoform of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) have now been identified, each possessing similar activities, but differing in characteristic tissue expression. The cox enzyme is now a target of drug interventions against the inflammatory process. After two centuries of evaluation, aspirin remains topical, and new therapeutic indications are increasingly being studied.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/história , Aspirina/história , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/história , Fibrinolíticos/história , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/história , Adulto , Analgesia Obstétrica/história , Criança , Inglaterra , Feminino , França , Alemanha , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História Antiga , História Medieval , Humanos , Masculino , Peru , Gravidez , Rússia (pré-1917) , Estados UnidosRESUMO
A clinical trial was carried out to determine the efficacy of predelivery homoeopathic and "traditional" prophylaxis of uterine inertia and post partum haemorrhage. Under our observation, there were 206 pregnant women characterized by high risk of uterine contractile function disturbances. The 1st group of pregnant women (n=102) received only homoeopathy. The 2nd group (n=104) received conventional medical preparations including oestrogenic hormones. We studied a use of homoeopathic drug complex possessing "relatively narrow range of influence". Clinical examination, foetal cardiomonitoring and ultrasound scanning were carried out in each case. The normal methods were used to treat uterine inertia, foetal distress and post partum haemorrhage. In our opinion homoeopathy can be an effective method for prophylaxis of disturbances of uterine contractile function in delivery and at the postnatal stage for pregnant women at high risk of complications