RESUMO

The aim of this paper is to review the main aspects related to high bone density (HBD) as well as to discuss the physiologic mechanisms involved in bone health. There are still no well-defined criteria for identification of individuals with HBD and there are few studies on the topic. Most studies demonstrate that overweight, male gender, black ethnic background, physical activity, calcium and fluoride intake and use of medications such as statins and thiazide diuretics play a relevant and positive role on bone mineral density. Moreover, it is known that individuals with certain diseases such as obesity, diabetes, estrogen receptor-positive breast or endometrial cancer have greater bone density than healthy individuals, as well as athletes having higher bone density than non-athletes does not necessarily mean that they have healthy bones. A better understanding of risk and protective factors may help in the management of patients with bone frailty and have applicability in the treatment and in the prevention of osteoporosis, especially intervening on non-modifiable risk factors.

Assuntos

Densidade Óssea , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Hiperostose/etiologia , Animais , Atletas , Composição Corporal , Peso Corporal , Densidade Óssea/genética , Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/etiologia , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/fisiopatologia , Remodelação Óssea , Cálcio/metabolismo , Dieta , Difosfonatos/farmacologia , Doenças do Sistema Endócrino/complicações , Doenças do Sistema Endócrino/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/farmacologia , Hiperostose/genética , Hiperostose/fisiopatologia , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Proteína-5 Relacionada a Receptor de Lipoproteína de Baixa Densidade/genética , Proteína-5 Relacionada a Receptor de Lipoproteína de Baixa Densidade/fisiologia , Masculino , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Inibidores de Simportadores de Cloreto de Sódio/farmacologia , Vitamina D/farmacologia , Suporte de Carga , Proteínas Wnt/fisiologia