RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prolapse recurrence after transvaginal surgical repair is common; however, its mechanisms are ill-defined. A thorough understanding of how and why prolapse repairs fail is needed to address their high rate of anatomic recurrence and to develop novel therapies to overcome defined deficiencies. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify mechanisms and contributors of anatomic recurrence after vaginal hysterectomy with uterosacral ligament suspension (native tissue repair) vs transvaginal mesh (VM) hysteropexy surgery for uterovaginal prolapse. STUDY DESIGN: This multicenter study was conducted in a subset of participants in a randomized clinical trial by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Pelvic Floor Disorders Network. Overall, 94 women with uterovaginal prolapse treated via native tissue repair (n=48) or VM hysteropexy (n=46) underwent pelvic magnetic resonance imaging at rest, maximal strain, and poststrain rest (recovery) 30 to 42 months after surgery. Participants who desired reoperation before 30 to 42 months were imaged earlier to assess the impact of the index surgery. Using a novel 3-dimensional pelvic coordinate system, coregistered midsagittal images were obtained to assess study outcomes. Magnetic resonance imaging-based anatomic recurrence (failure) was defined as prolapse beyond the hymen. The primary outcome was the mechanism of failure (apical descent vs anterior vaginal wall elongation), including the frequency and site of failure. Secondary outcomes included displacement of the vaginal apex and perineal body and change in the length of the anterior wall, posterior wall, vaginal perimeter, and introitus of the vagina from rest to strain and rest to recovery. Group differences in the mechanism, frequency, and site of failure were assessed using the Fisher exact tests, and secondary outcomes were compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. RESULTS: Of the 88 participants analyzed, 37 (42%) had recurrent prolapse (VM hysteropexy, 13 of 45 [29%]; native tissue repair, 24 of 43 [56%]). The most common site of failure was the anterior compartment (VM hysteropexy, 38%; native tissue repair, 92%). The primary mechanism of recurrence was apical descent (VM hysteropexy, 85%; native tissue repair, 67%). From rest to strain, failures (vs successes) had greater inferior displacement of the vaginal apex (difference, -12 mm; 95% confidence interval, -19 to -6) and perineal body (difference, -7 mm; 95% confidence interval, -11 to -4) and elongation of the anterior vaginal wall (difference, 12 mm; 95% confidence interval, 8-16) and vaginal introitus (difference, 11 mm; 95% confidence interval, 7-15). CONCLUSION: The primary mechanism of prolapse recurrence following vaginal hysterectomy with uterosacral ligament suspension or VM hysteropexy was apical descent. In addition, greater inferior descent of the vaginal apex and perineal body, lengthening of the anterior vaginal wall, and increased size of the vaginal introitus with strain were associated with anatomic failure. Further studies are needed to provide additional insight into the mechanism by which these factors contribute to anatomic failure.
Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Pelve/diagnóstico por imagem , Falha de Tratamento , Prolapso Uterino/diagnóstico por imagem , Prolapso Uterino/cirurgia , Idoso , Feminino , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos em Ginecologia/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Histerectomia Vaginal/efeitos adversos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RecidivaRESUMO
Introducción. El prolapso de cúpula vaginal es una complicación común después de la histerectomía vaginal con un impacto negativo en la calidad de vida de las mujeres y se considera una condición frecuente que alcanza un 40% en mujeres multíparas.Se asocia con disfunción urinaria, anorrectal y sexual. Una clara comprensión del mecanismo de apoyo del útero y la vagina es importante para tomar la decisión adecuada de procedimiento correctivo. El factor de riesgo más importante suelen ser defectos preexistentes del diafragma pélvico antes de la histerectomía. Caso Clínico: Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 60 años de edad, quien acude por sensación de cuerpo extraño protruyendo de vagina de 30 años de evolución, el cual ha incrementado paulatinamente de tamaño, con antecedentes de histerectomía vaginal realizada hace 12 años, y levantamiento de cúpula hace 10 años. Al examen ginecológico se observa descenso de pared vaginal anterior hasta 4 cms por fuera del introito vaginal, además, descenso del recto por la cara posterior de la vagina. Se realiza levantamiento de cúpula vaginal, con resolución exitosa del problema. Discusión: El riesgo de prolapso de órganos pélvicos aumenta con la paridad y edad avanzada. La cirugía para corregir dichos defectos de apoyo de órganos pélvicos se ha identificado como factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de esta patología. El manejo debe ser individualizado, teniendo en cuenta la experiencia del cirujano, la edad del paciente, sus comorbilidades, antecedentes de cirugía previa y su vida sexual. Conclusión: No hay consenso sobre el mecanismo del prolapso de cúpula, pero lo que es aceptado por todos es la necesidad de evaluar adecuadamente estas pacientes y ponerse de acuerdo sobre el tipo de cirugía que será adecuado para cada circunstancia...(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Urogenitais Femininas , Histerectomia Vaginal/métodos , Prolapso Uterino/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Rectocele is a herniation of the anterior wall of the rectal ampulla through a defect in the rectovaginal septum causing protrusion of the posterior vaginal wall. Common symptoms include symptoms of prolapse and obstructed defecation. AIMS: To describe subjective, anatomical and functional results of defect-specific rectocele repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an internal audit of 137 women who underwent defect-specific rectocele repair. Pre- and post-operative assessment included a standardised interview, clinical examination and 3D/4D transperineal ultrasound. Outcome measures were symptoms of obstructed defecation, recurrent prolapse symptoms, clinical posterior compartment recurrence and rectocele recurrence on ultrasound. RESULTS: At a mean follow-up of 1.4 years, 117 (85%) of women considered themselves cured or improved. Thirty-four (25%) complained of recurrent prolapse symptoms and 47 (34%) symptoms of obstructed defecation, a significant reduction (P < 0.0001). Clinical recurrence (Bp ≥ -1) was seen in 19 women (14%) and recurrence on ultrasound in 27 (20%). The mean depth of recurrence was 16.6 mm (10.3-25.1). We tested multiple potential predictors of recurrence, including age, BMI, vaginal parity, previous hysterectomy and/or prolapse surgery, follow-up time, pre-operative clinical and ultrasound findings. Only hiatal area on Valsalva (OR 0.95 for sonographic recurrence, P = 0.01) and enterocele (for clinical and sonographic recurrence, OR 4.03, P = 0.01 and OR 2.72, P = 0.02, respectively) reached significance. CONCLUSION: Defect-specific rectocele repair is effective both in restitution of normal anatomy and in resolving prolapse and obstructed defecation symptoms at a mean follow-up of 1.4 years.
Assuntos
Imageamento Tridimensional , Avaliação de Resultados da Assistência ao Paciente , Retocele/diagnóstico por imagem , Retocele/cirurgia , Prolapso Uterino/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Intervalos de Confiança , Feminino , Seguimentos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos em Ginecologia/métodos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Retocele/complicações , Recidiva , Reoperação/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Resultado do Tratamento , Ultrassonografia , Prolapso Uterino/diagnóstico por imagem , Prolapso Uterino/etiologiaRESUMO
Análisis de la clasificación funcional del piso pelviano, determinando las medidas de Sensibilidad, Especificidad, su valor predictivo y su correlación con la clasificación anatómica y el TEST del dispositivo intravaginal(DIV)