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The kinkajou (Potos flavus) is a carnivoran adapted for arboreal quadrupedal locomotion along with a prehensile tail. The thoracic limb bones and muscles of this species have been studied, but the knowledge about its nerves is still scarce. This knowledge is necessary to perform several veterinary procedures, and to review the differences among carnivoran species. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe the origin and distribution of the brachial plexus in Potos flavus. Thereby, both brachial plexuses of five specimens were dissected (10). Seven plexuses originated from C6-T2 (70%), whilst three plexuses originated from C5-T2 (30%). Additionally, C6 and C7 formed two cranial trunks, and C8, T1 and T2 formed two caudal trunks. All nerves from the brachial plexus that have been reported in carnivorans were successfully located. In addition, we found one nerve reaching the teres major muscle originating directly from the brachial plexus and not from the axillary nerve as reported in other carnivorans. The brachiocephalic nerve was found partially innervating the cleidobrachialis muscle (50%), but this muscle always was innervated by the axillary nerve. Moreover, one to three subscapular nerves were found, and the musculocutaneous nerve formed two communicating branches (proximal and distal) to the median nerve. However, the distal communicating branch of the musculocutaneous nerve was absent in two specimens (40%). In conclusion, the brachial plexus of P. flavus was differentiated mainly with other carnivorans by a higher contribution from T2, formations of trunks, and one independent nerve to the teres major muscle.

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Nasua nasua is a carnivore belonging to the family Procyonidae and is widely distributed throughout South America. The details of its anatomy are fundamental to the application of antomy and understanding of its natural history. This study aimed to measure the average length, width, thickness, and volume of the kidneys; the average length of the renal artery and vein, and to describe the renal and vessel skeletopy in Nasua nasua. For this purpose, 32 kidneys and renal vessels of 16 cadaveric specimens (eight male and eight female) were dissected and measured using a digital caliper. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between the rostrum-sacral length and the renal and vessel variables. The kidneys had a "bean-shaped" aspect with smooth surfaces and were unipapilate. On average, the N. nasua kidneys measured 30 × 16 × 13 mm, with no significant difference between the sexes. The average right renal artery (1.74 ± 0.67 cm) was longer than the left (1.26 ± 0.43 cm), and the right renal vein (1.22 ± 0.34 cm) was shorter than the left renal vein (1.82 ± 0.46 cm) (p < 0.05). One male animal (6.8%) presented with a double right renal vein as an anatomical variation. Both the right and left kidney cranial poles prevailed at the level of the L2 vertebra, assuming a practically symmetrical position. There was a positive and moderate to high correlation between rostrum-sacral length and renal dimensions and renal vessel lengths. The present data may be useful for interpreting the diagnosis of nephropathies that affect renal dimensions in this species and may contribute to the comparative anatomy of carnivorans.(AU)

Nasua nasua é um carnívoro da família Procyonidae amplamente distribuído pela América do Sul. Detalhes de sua anatomia são fundamentais para a anatomia aplicada e o entendimento de sua história natural. Objetivou-se determinar a média do comprimento, largura, espessura e volume elipsoide dos rins, a média do comprimento das artérias e veias renais e revelar a esqueletopia dos rins e vasos renais em N. nasua. Para este propósito, 32 rins e os vasos renais de 16 espécimes cadavéricos (oito machos e oito fêmeas) foram dissecados e mensurados com um paquímetro digital. Os coeficientes de correlação linear de Pearson foram calculados entre o comprimento rostro-sacral e as variáveis dos rins e seus vasos. Os rins apresentaram formato de "feijão" e superfícies lisas e são unipapilados. Na média, os rins de N. nasua mediram 30x16x13 mm, sem diferença significativa entre antímeros ou sexos. O comprimento médio da artéria renal direita (1,74 ± 0,67 cm) foi maior que o da esquerda (1,26 ± 0,43 cm); o comprimento da veia renal direita (1,22 ± 0,34 cm) foi menor que o da esquerda (1,82 ± 0,46 cm) (p < 0,05). Em um macho (6,8%), foi identificada uma veia renal direita dupla como variação anatômica. Os polos craniais dos rins direito e esquerdo prevaleceram ao nível da vértebra L2, assumindo praticamente uma posição simétrica. Houve uma correlação positiva, moderada a elevada, entre o comprimento rostro-sacral com as dimensões renais e com o comprimento dos vasos renais. Os dados do presente estudo poderão vir a ser aplicados na interpretação do diagnóstico de nefropatias que cursam com alterações nas dimensões renais bem como contribuir no campo da anatomia comparada de carnívoros.(AU)

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OBJECTIVE: To describe ocular anatomical features and to determine tear production and tonometry in normal anesthetized ring-tailed coati (Nasua nasua). ANIMALS: Eight male and seven female ring-tailed coatis (30 eyes) were evaluated, with ages ranging from 7 months to 10 years old. PROCEDURES: The animals were anesthetized with isoflurane and had STT 1, rebound and applanation tonometry, and palpebral fissure length (PFL) measured in both eyes. Rebound tonometry was measured with both TonoVet® and TonoVet Plus®. All eyes were evaluated with slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Following pharmacological mydriasis, direct fundoscopy was performed. ANOVA and Tukey tests were used for the data analysis. RESULTS: There were upper and lower eyelids, as well as a third eyelid. Eyelashes were present on the upper eyelid, while meibomian glands openings were visible on both. The bulbar conjunctiva was pigmented. The pupil was obliquely horizontally ovoid and teardrop shaped when miotic. The color of the iris and tapetum lucidum varied with age. The optic disk was round, and the retina was holangiotic. The mean ± standard deviation values obtained were as follows: STT: 2.50 ± 2.39 mm/min; rebound tonometry: 9.50 ± 2.43 mmHg (TonoVet®, calibration P), 14.60 ± 2.82 mmHg (TonoVet®, calibration D), 18.93 ± 3.99 mmHg (TonoVet Plus®, calibration dog); applanation tonometry: 18.66 ± 4.16 mmHg; PFL: 10.98 ± 1.67 mm. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Anatomical and clinical ophthalmic data presented in this study are unprecedented for this species. The results can be used as clinical reference parameters, allowing for better care of these species. The lack of data for the Procyonidae family must be regarded as an incentive for more studies.

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Extant procyonids only inhabit the Americas and are represented by six genera (Procyon, Nasua, Nasuella, Bassaricyon, Potos, and Bassariscus); all of them, except Bassariscus, are present in South America. The first records correspond to the early Miocene in North America (NA) and the late Miocene in South America (SA). Cyonasua was the first carnivoran to enter SA from NA, before the Great American Biotic Interchange, and went extinct in the early middle Pleistocene. This extinct procyonid is recorded in several localities of Argentina, and also in Venezuela. Paleobiological studies of procyonids are interesting from evolutionary and biogeographical viewpoints. In this study, the pectoral girdle and forelimb of 10 specimens of Cyonasua are described and compared with extant South American procyonids using a qualitative approach. Additionally, four functional morphology indexes were calculated for them and compared with an ecologically diverse sample of living carnivorans. Results indicate that Cyonasua most resembles Nasua nasua and Procyon cancrivorus, even though the extinct procyonid possessed peculiar features. Cyonasua had robust and relatively short forelimb bones, with strong stabilized joints, and movements associated with the sagittal plane, which suggest a tendency toward terrestrial habits, related to their ability to resist relatively high bending and shearing stresses. However, some features indicate a freedom in their range of movements, with moderate supination ability, compatible with climbing. When combined with previous analyses of dietary habits and estimated body mass, the morphology of Cyonasua would be well suited for digging and prey manipulation, allowing them to prey on small and relatively large-sized vertebrates, as well as to avoid some of the predators that were dominant in the Cenozoic of South America.

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Background: Coatis (Nasua nasua) have easy interaction with man, besides being sociable and curious animals. Theproximity to urbanized areas encourages them to intake food from anthropogenic sources, and it can change their eatinghabits and make them prone to obesity. The body condition evaluates the animals’ energetic status and measures variations in their body fat reserves. There are direct-invasive methods and indirect methods that rely on size and body massto evaluate the body condition, like body condition score and body mass index. Thus, the aim of the present study was toassess different methods to determine the body condition of wild coatis (Nasua nasua) living in urban areas.Materials, Methods & Results: Sixteen wild coatis (Nasua nasua), nine females and seven males, were captured at Facultyof Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) of São Paulo State University, Botucatu, in pitfalls. The animals wereanesthetized with ketamine and midazolam and subjected to biometric evaluation after physical exams proved normal. Thefollowing variables were analyzed: body weight, body condition score (BCS) based on the five-point scale for dogs, thoracicand abdominal circumference, height at the withers, spine length and distance from the patella to the calcaneus. Two bodymass index (BMI) were calculated from these data, one was based on dogs (BMI1) and another one on cats (BMI2), as well asthe body fat percentage (%BF). Results showed that 25% of the assessed coatis were overweight. Body weight, thoracic andabdominal circumference, height at the withers, spine length and distance from the patella to the calcaneus were significantlyhigher in males than in females and the other assessed parameters did not present differences between sexes. The correlationbetween fat percentage and body weight was significant, and that between fat percentage and BCS was not. There was closer correlation...

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Background: Coatis (Nasua nasua) have easy interaction with man, besides being sociable and curious animals. Theproximity to urbanized areas encourages them to intake food from anthropogenic sources, and it can change their eatinghabits and make them prone to obesity. The body condition evaluates the animals energetic status and measures variations in their body fat reserves. There are direct-invasive methods and indirect methods that rely on size and body massto evaluate the body condition, like body condition score and body mass index. Thus, the aim of the present study was toassess different methods to determine the body condition of wild coatis (Nasua nasua) living in urban areas.Materials, Methods & Results: Sixteen wild coatis (Nasua nasua), nine females and seven males, were captured at Facultyof Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) of São Paulo State University, Botucatu, in pitfalls. The animals wereanesthetized with ketamine and midazolam and subjected to biometric evaluation after physical exams proved normal. Thefollowing variables were analyzed: body weight, body condition score (BCS) based on the five-point scale for dogs, thoracicand abdominal circumference, height at the withers, spine length and distance from the patella to the calcaneus. Two bodymass index (BMI) were calculated from these data, one was based on dogs (BMI1) and another one on cats (BMI2), as well asthe body fat percentage (%BF). Results showed that 25% of the assessed coatis were overweight. Body weight, thoracic andabdominal circumference, height at the withers, spine length and distance from the patella to the calcaneus were significantlyhigher in males than in females and the other assessed parameters did not present differences between sexes. The correlationbetween fat percentage and body weight was significant, and that between fat percentage and BCS was not. There was closer correlation...(AU)

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Resumen En México, los humedales ocupan una porción importante del país, entre ellos, los manglares son particularmente diversos. La Reserva de la Biosfera de La Encrucijada (REBIEN) es un ecosistema costero de manglares localizado en la planicie costera del pacífico en la porción suroeste del estado de Chiapas. Los manglares de la REBIEN se encuentran entre los más importantes de la costa pacífica americana, destacando el papel que juegan en el mantenimiento de la comunidad de mamíferos en la costa del estado. Existen pocos estudios en México relacionados con los mamíferos asociados a estos ecosistemas, nuestro objetivo fue estimar la diversidad y los patrones de actividad de los mamíferos medianos y grandes en la REBIEN. El muestreo se realizó de agosto de 2015 a agosto de 2016 utilizando trampas-cámara. Se obtuvieron un total de 1 851 registros de fotografías independientes con un esfuerzo de muestreo total de 5 400 días-trampa. Se registraron 19 especies de mamíferos pertenecientes a 15 familias y siete órdenes, y cinco especies fueron nuevos registros en el área. Seis especies presentes figuran en la lista, dos en peligro de extinción y cuatro amenazadas. Los análisis de interpolación y extrapolación mostraron una tendencia asintótica en las curvas para las estaciones de lluvia y seca. La cobertura de la muestra para ambas temporadas fue de 99.9 % y 99.8 %, respectivamente, lo que indica en ambos casos un muestreo representativo. Según el índice de abundancia relativa obtenido, las especies más abundantes fueron Procyon lotor (IAR = 4.35), Nasua narica (IAR = 3.91), Philander opossum (IAR = 2.04), Cuniculus paca (IAR = 1.89), Didelphis marsupialis (IAR = 1.67) y Dasypus novemcinctus (IAR = 1.02). En términos de patrones de actividad, C. paca, P. opossum, D. marsupialis y D. novemcinctus fueron principalmente nocturnos; P. lotor mostró una tendencia hacia hábitos nocturnos, pero también se registró durante el día; N. narica fue principalmente diurno. Esta información puede ser útil para la creación de programas de manejo y la conservación de mamíferos medianos y grandes en la REBIEN, especialmente para especies en riesgo.

Abstract In Mexico, wetlands occupy an important portion of the country, among them, mangroves are particularly diverse. La Encrucijada Biosphere Reserve (ENBIRE) is a coastal ecosystem of mangrove located along the Pacific Coastal Plain in the Southwestern portion of Chiapas state. The ENBIRE mangroves are among the most important of the American Pacific Coast, highlighting the role they play in the maintenance of the community of mammals on the coast of the state. There are few studies in Mexico related to the mammals associated with these ecosystems, our aim was to estimate the diversity and activity patterns of medium and large mammals in the ENBIRE. Sampling was conducted from August 2015 to August 2016 using camera traps. We obteined 1 851 independent photographs records, with a total sampling effort of 5 400 trap-days. Nineteen species of mammals were registered belonging to 15 families and seven orders, and five species were new records to the area. Six species present are listed, two as endangered and four as threatened. Interpolation and extrapolation analyzes showed an asymptotic trend in the curves for the rainy and dry seasons. The coverage of the sample for both seasons was 99.9 % and 99.8 %, respectively, indicating that both cases were a representative sample. According to the relative abundance index obtained, the most abundant species were Procyon lotor (IAR = 4.35), Nasua narica (IAR = 3.91), Philander opossum (IAR = 2.04), Cuniculus paca (IAR = 1.89), Didelphis marsupialis (IAR = 1.67) and Dasypus novemcinctus (IAR = 1.02). In terms of patterns of activity C. paca, P. opossum, D. marsupialis and D. novemcinctus were primarily nocturnal; P. lotor showed a tendency towards nocturnal habits but was also recorded during the day; N. narica was mainly diurnal. This information can be useful to the creation of management programs and the conservation of medium and large mammals in the ENBIRE, especially for species at risk. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 634-646. Epub 2018 June 01.

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This paper reports a case of unilateral extracorporeal ectopic testes in a captive coati (Nasua nasua) in the State Park of Dois Irmãos Zoo, Recife/PE, Brazil. The testicle was located in the subcutaneous tissue of the inguinal region not adhered to the surrounding tissues. After bilateral orchiectomy, both testes were measured, fixed with 10% formalin buffered and embedded in paraffin for histopathological evaluation. The left testis measured 1.2 cm width by 1.7cm length, and the right one measured 1.5 cm width by 2.0 cm length. The ectopic testes had seminiferous epithelium without post-meiotic germ cell lines. The non-ectopic testis had several changes in the seminiferous epithelium that indicated degeneration. In both epididymis, the lumen did not contain sperm and the major epithelial structural alterations were more distinct in the epididymis associated to the ectopic testicle. In conclusion, the ectopic testis and epididymis had lesions compatible with testicular exposition to body temperature. Non-ectopic epididymis and testis had minor lesions but could be related to the infertility of the coati.(AU)

O artigo relata um caso de testículo ectópico em quati de cativeiro (Nasua nasua) no Zoológico do Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos, Recife/PE. O testículo encontrava-se localizado no tecido subcutâneo da região inguinal, sem estar aderido aos tecidos circunvizinhos. Após orquiectomia bilateral, ambos os testículos foram mensurados, fixados em formol a 10% e embebidos em parafina para avaliação histopatológica. O testículo esquerdo mediu 1,2cm de largura por 1,7cm de movimento; e o testículo direito mediu 1,5cm de largura por 2,0cm de comprimento. O testículo ectópico apresentou epitélio sem linhagem de células germinativas pós-meióticas. O testículo não ectópico apresentou alterações no epitélio seminífero caracterizando degeneração. Em ambos os epidídimos, o lúmen não continha espermatozoides e as principais alterações estruturais do epitélio foram mais distintas no epidídimo associado ao testículo ectópico. Conclui-se que o testículo ectópico e epidídimo apresentaram lesões características de aumento de temperatura. O testículo e epidídimo não ectópico apesentaram lesões menores mas que puderam ser associadas à infertilidade do quati.(AU)

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Nenhuma característica dos seres vivos é tão primordial quanto a respiração, e os pulmões são os principais órgãos do sistema respiratório. Este estudo tem por objetivo descrever os aspectos macroscópicos da traqueia, dos brônquios e dos lobos pulmonares bem como os aspectos microscópicos dos brônquios pulmonares do mão-pelada e compará-los com dados da literatura de estudos realizados com mamíferos silvestres e domésticos. Utilizaram-se três exemplares de Procyon cancrivorus, que foram fixados em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10%. Os pulmões e a traqueia foram dissecados e fotografados com câmera fotográfica digital (Câmera Sony a200, 10.2mpx). Para a identificação das características microscópicas, foram coletados fragmentos de cada brônquio seguindo as técnicas de rotina histológica. O pulmão do Procyon cancrivorus se divide em quatro lobos direito e dois lobos esquerdo e a traqueia apresenta cerca de 31 a 34 anéis. Os brônquios extrapulmonares se dividem em direito e esquerdo; o direito se subdivide em brônquios lobares cranial, médio, acessório e caudal, e o esquerdo em lobares cranial e caudal, com seus respectivos brônquios segmentares. Microscopicamente, os brônquios apresentam um epitélio prismático pseudoestratificado ciliado com células caliciformes e feixes de fibras de musculatura lisa, placas de cartilagem hialina e fibras elásticas. O conhecimento da morfologia desses órgãos nas espécies silvestres auxilia em estudos descritivos e/ou comparativos entre espécies.

No characteristic of living beings is as primal as breathing, and the lungs are the main organs in the respiratory system. This study aims to describe the macroscopic aspects of the trachea, bronchus and lung lobes and microscopic aspects of the bronchi of raccoon lungs and compare with data from the literature studies performed with wild and domestic mammals. We used three samples of Procyon cancrivorus, which were fixed in aqueous 10% formaldehyde, lungs and trachea were dissected and photographed with a digital camera (Sony a200 Camera, 10.2mpx). For the identification of microscopic characteristics, fragments were collected from each bronchus following routine histological techniques. The Procyon cancrivorus lung is divided into four lobes, with two right and left lobes. The trachea has about 31-34 rings. The extrapulmonary bronchi divides into left and right, where the right is divided into lobar bronchi cranial, middle, accessory and caudal lobes and the left in cranial and caudal, with their respective segmental bronchi. Microscopically the bronchial epithelium has prismatic pseudo-ciliated and goblet cells with bundles of smooth muscle fibers, plates of hyaline cartilage and elastic fibers. Knowledge of the morphology of these organs in wild species helps us in descriptive studies and / or comparisons between species.

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Nenhuma característica dos seres vivos é tão primordial quanto a respiração, e os pulmões são os principais órgãos do sistema respiratório. Este estudo tem por objetivo descrever os aspectos macroscópicos da traqueia, dos brônquios e dos lobos pulmonares bem como os aspectos microscópicos dos brônquios pulmonares do mão-pelada e compará-los com dados da literatura de estudos realizados com mamíferos silvestres e domésticos. Utilizaram-se três exemplares de Procyon cancrivorus, que foram fixados em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10%. Os pulmões e a traqueia foram dissecados e fotografados com câmera fotográfica digital (Câmera Sony a200, 10.2mpx). Para a identificação das características microscópicas, foram coletados fragmentos de cada brônquio seguindo as técnicas de rotina histológica. O pulmão do Procyon cancrivorus se divide em quatro lobos direito e dois lobos esquerdo e a traqueia apresenta cerca de 31 a 34 anéis. Os brônquios extrapulmonares se dividem em direito e esquerdo; o direito se subdivide em brônquios lobares cranial, médio, acessório e caudal, e o esquerdo em lobares cranial e caudal, com seus respectivos brônquios segmentares. Microscopicamente, os brônquios apresentam um epitélio prismático pseudoestratificado ciliado com células caliciformes e feixes de fibras de musculatura lisa, placas de cartilagem hialina e fibras elásticas. O conhecimento da morfologia desses órgãos nas espécies silvestres auxilia em estudos descritivos e/ou comparativos entre espécies.(AU)

No characteristic of living beings is as primal as breathing, and the lungs are the main organs in the respiratory system. This study aims to describe the macroscopic aspects of the trachea, bronchus and lung lobes and microscopic aspects of the bronchi of raccoon lungs and compare with data from the literature studies performed with wild and domestic mammals. We used three samples of Procyon cancrivorus, which were fixed in aqueous 10% formaldehyde, lungs and trachea were dissected and photographed with a digital camera (Sony a200 Camera, 10.2mpx). For the identification of microscopic characteristics, fragments were collected from each bronchus following routine histological techniques. The Procyon cancrivorus lung is divided into four lobes, with two right and left lobes. The trachea has about 31-34 rings. The extrapulmonary bronchi divides into left and right, where the right is divided into lobar bronchi cranial, middle, accessory and caudal lobes and the left in cranial and caudal, with their respective segmental bronchi. Microscopically the bronchial epithelium has prismatic pseudo-ciliated and goblet cells with bundles of smooth muscle fibers, plates of hyaline cartilage and elastic fibers. Knowledge of the morphology of these organs in wild species helps us in descriptive studies and / or comparisons between species.(AU)

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This paper reports a case of unilateral extracorporeal ectopic testes in a captive coati (Nasua nasua) in the State Park of Dois Irmãos Zoo, Recife/PE, Brazil. The testicle was located in the subcutaneous tissue of the inguinal region not adhered to the surrounding tissues. After bilateral orchiectomy, both testes were measured, fixed with 10% formalin buffered and embedded in paraffin for histopathological evaluation. The left testis measured 1.2 cm width by 1.7cm length, and the right one measured 1.5 cm width by 2.0 cm length. The ectopic testes had seminiferous epithelium without post-meiotic germ cell lines. The non-ectopic testis had several changes in the seminiferous epithelium that indicated degeneration. In both epididymis, the lumen did not contain sperm and the major epithelial structural alterations were more distinct in the epididymis associated to the ectopic testicle. In conclusion, the ectopic testis and epididymis had lesions compatible with testicular exposition to body temperature. Non-ectopic epididymis and testis had minor lesions but could be related to the infertility of the coati.(AU)

O artigo relata um caso de testículo ectópico em quati de cativeiro (Nasua nasua) no Zoológico do Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos, Recife/PE. O testículo encontrava-se localizado no tecido subcutâneo da região inguinal, sem estar aderido aos tecidos circunvizinhos. Após orquiectomia bilateral, ambos os testículos foram mensurados, fixados em formol a 10% e embebidos em parafina para avaliação histopatológica. O testículo esquerdo mediu 1,2cm de largura por 1,7cm de movimento; e o testículo direito mediu 1,5cm de largura por 2,0 cm de comprimento. O testículo ectópico apresentou epitélio sem linhagem de células germinativas pós-meióticas. O testículo não ectópico apresentou alterações no epitélio seminífero caracterizando degeneração. Em ambos os epidídimos, o lúmen não continha espermatozoides e as principais alterações estruturais do epitélio foram mais distintas no epidídimo associado ao testículo ectópico. Conclui-se que o testículo ectópico e epidídimo apresentaram lesões características de aumento de temperatura. O testículo e epidídimo não ectópico apesentaram lesões menores mas que puderam ser associadas à infertilidade do quati.(AU)

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O quati (Nasua nasua) é um mamífero carnívoro, de porte médio e é amplamente encontrado na América do Sul, e em quase todas as regiões do Brasil, principalmente em florestas. Possui hábitos diurnos,terrestres e arborícolas, tendo uma alimentação onívora e frugívora. Esses animais forrageiam no chão e utilizam principalmente as garras dianteiras à procura de alimento, sendo que além das garras não retráteis esses animais possuem cinco dedos que os possibilitam de cavar. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar as principais áreas do encéfalo, no intuito de descobrir qual dessas áreas são mais desenvolvidas, de acordo com o comportamento do quati. O material utilizado foram três encéfalos fixados em paraformaldeído 4% de solução tampão fosfato pH 7,4, amostras foram retiradas de diferentes locais do córtex cerebral e foram submetidos aos processos histológicos padrão. Em seguida, para uma melhor visualização dos Corpúsculos de Nissl, o material foi submetido a uma coloração de violeta cresil modificado e então foi feita a contagem por área, onde se obteve uma média e das cinco médias obteve-se uma média final. O resultado obtido foi um grande número de corpos neuronais na área motora com uma média de 51,38, assim confirmando suas habilidades em escavar, rasgar troncos e escalar árvores.

The Coati (Nasua nasua) is a medium size carnivore mammal, it is broadly found in South America and in almost ali Brazilian regions, most off in forests. It has daily, land and arboreal habits and an omnivore foodstuffs. This kind of animais forage the ground in search of food, for that it uses theirs front claws. Beyond it clawsthose animal have five fingers that made them able to digo This present paper has the intention of discover whichof brain areas are more developed according with the Coati behavior. The material used was 3 brains fixed in paraformaldehyde 4% of phosphate solution 7.4 PH, samples was with drawn of different locais of the brain cortex e were submitted to the standards histological procedures. After that for the better visualization of the Nissl corpuscles the samples were submitted to a modified cresyl violet coloration and then was made count per area,where was obtained an average, and after five average was obtained a final average. The result was a large number of neuro bodies in the motor area with a 51.38 of average confirming theirs digging, trunk ripping andtree climbing skills.

El Coatí (Nasua Nasua) es un mamífero de tarnano media que se encuentra en la mayor parte de Sudamérica y en casi toda la region de Brasil, principalmente en selvas y bosques. Los Coatís son animales de hábitos nocturnos, terrestres y arborícolas; y mantienen una dieta omnívora y frugívora. Dichos animales cuentan con 5 dedos en sus patas y unas retráctiles que les permiten escarbar en busca de alimento. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las principales áreas dei cerebro con el fin de conocer cuáles de ellas están más desarrolladas de acuerdo a su comportamiento. Tres cerebros fueron tomados como objetos de estudio.Estos fueron trabajados en 4% de paraformaldehído tampón fosfato pH 7.4, de ellos, se extrajeron muestras decorteza cerebral de distintas zonas y se sometieron a procesos hidrológicos estándar. Para una mejor visualización de las muestras se sometió el material a un tenido de violeta de cresilo modificado. El resultado fue un gran número de cuerpos de células neuronales en el área motriz con una media de 51.38, que mejora su capacidad para cavar, escalar y desgarrar troncos.

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O quati (Nasua nasua) é um mamífero carnívoro, de porte médio e é amplamente encontrado na América do Sul, e em quase todas as regiões do Brasil, principalmente em florestas. Possui hábitos diurnos,terrestres e arborícolas, tendo uma alimentação onívora e frugívora. Esses animais forrageiam no chão e utilizam principalmente as garras dianteiras à procura de alimento, sendo que além das garras não retráteis esses animais possuem cinco dedos que os possibilitam de cavar. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar as principais áreas do encéfalo, no intuito de descobrir qual dessas áreas são mais desenvolvidas, de acordo com o comportamento do quati. O material utilizado foram três encéfalos fixados em paraformaldeído 4% de solução tampão fosfato pH 7,4, amostras foram retiradas de diferentes locais do córtex cerebral e foram submetidos aos processos histológicos padrão. Em seguida, para uma melhor visualização dos Corpúsculos de Nissl, o material foi submetido a uma coloração de violeta cresil modificado e então foi feita a contagem por área, onde se obteve uma média e das cinco médias obteve-se uma média final. O resultado obtido foi um grande número de corpos neuronais na área motora com uma média de 51,38, assim confirmando suas habilidades em escavar, rasgar troncos e escalar árvores.(AU)

The Coati (Nasua nasua) is a medium size carnivore mammal, it is broadly found in South America and in almost ali Brazilian regions, most off in forests. It has daily, land and arboreal habits and an omnivore foodstuffs. This kind of animais forage the ground in search of food, for that it uses theirs front claws. Beyond it clawsthose animal have five fingers that made them able to digo This present paper has the intention of discover whichof brain areas are more developed according with the Coati behavior. The material used was 3 brains fixed in paraformaldehyde 4% of phosphate solution 7.4 PH, samples was with drawn of different locais of the brain cortex e were submitted to the standards histological procedures. After that for the better visualization of the Nissl corpuscles the samples were submitted to a modified cresyl violet coloration and then was made count per area,where was obtained an average, and after five average was obtained a final average. The result was a large number of neuro bodies in the motor area with a 51.38 of average confirming theirs digging, trunk ripping andtree climbing skills.(AU)

El Coatí (Nasua Nasua) es un mamífero de tarnano media que se encuentra en la mayor parte de Sudamérica y en casi toda la region de Brasil, principalmente en selvas y bosques. Los Coatís son animales de hábitos nocturnos, terrestres y arborícolas; y mantienen una dieta omnívora y frugívora. Dichos animales cuentan con 5 dedos en sus patas y unas retráctiles que les permiten escarbar en busca de alimento. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las principales áreas dei cerebro con el fin de conocer cuáles de ellas están más desarrolladas de acuerdo a su comportamiento. Tres cerebros fueron tomados como objetos de estudio.Estos fueron trabajados en 4% de paraformaldehído tampón fosfato pH 7.4, de ellos, se extrajeron muestras decorteza cerebral de distintas zonas y se sometieron a procesos hidrológicos estándar. Para una mejor visualización de las muestras se sometió el material a un tenido de violeta de cresilo modificado. El resultado fue un gran número de cuerpos de células neuronales en el área motriz con una media de 51.38, que mejora su capacidad para cavar, escalar y desgarrar troncos.(AU)

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RESUMO

We report two fossil procyonids, Cyonasua sp. and Chapalmalania sp., from the late Pliocene of Venezuela (Vergel Member, San Gregorio Formation) and Colombia (Ware Formation), respectively. The occurrence of these pre-Holocene procyonids outside Argentina and in the north of South America provides further information about the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI). The new specimens are recognized in the same monophyletic group as procyonids found in the southern part of the continent, the "Cyonasua group," formed by species of Cyonasua and Chapalmalania. The phylogenetic analysis that includes the two new findings support the view that procyonids dispersed from North America in two separate events (initially, previous to the first major migration wave-GABI 1-and then within the last major migration wave-GABI 4-). This involved reciprocal lineage migrations from North to South America, and included the evolution of South American endemic forms.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Nasua nasua é um animal onívoro, encontrado em todo Brasil. A reprodução da espécie ocorre somente uma vez ao ano, na primavera. As fêmeas são matriarcas e amamentam suas crias até os 5 meses de idade, vivem com seus filhotes em bandos de até 30 indivíduos. Para descrição morfológica da glândula mamaria do Nasua nasua foram utilizados seis animais provenientes do Criatório Cientifico (Cecrimpas), Unifeob. Autorizado pelo Ibama (Proc.02027.002322/98-99). Para análise macroscópica um animal foi injetado com látex neoprene, sendo a artéria femoral injetada com látex de cor vermelha e a veia jugular de cor azul. Os demais animais foram fixados em solução aquosa a 10% de formaldeído. Para análise microscópica, fragmentos glandulares foram coletados e submetidos ao processo rotineiro, embebido em parafina e corados com Hematoxilina e Eosina, Picrossírius e Azul de Toluidina. Macroscopicamente foram evidenciados três pares de glândulas mamárias, sendo dois pares posicionados na região abdominal e um par na região inguinal. Microscopicamente, notou-se epitélio de revestimento externo das papilas mamárias, epitélio pavimentoso estratificado queratinizado, o qual seguia por toda glândula de forma irregular. Na entrada do óstio, o epitélio da epiderme era modificado ocorrendo uma transição de epitélio pavimentoso estratificado para um epitélio cúbico no ducto papilar. O parênquima glandular era caracteristicamente túbulo alveolar com células secretoras, evidenciado principalmente no animal lactente. Os resultados macroscópicos e microscópicos assemelham-se aos já descritos nas cadelas (Canis familiaris) e os do Procyon cancrivorus pertencente à mesma família do quati, Família Procyonidae.

Coati is an omnivorous animal, found throughout of Brazil. The reproduction of this species occurs only once a year during spring. Females are matriarchs and nurse their young until 5 months old, living with their young in groups of up to 30. For morphological description of the mammary gland Nasua nasua six animals were used coming from the hatchery Scientific (Cecrimpas), Unifeob. Authorized by IBAMA (Proc. 02027.002322/98-99). For the macroscopic analysis one animal was injected with neoprene latex, was injected into the femoral artery with red latex and the jugular vein with blue colored one. The others animals were fixed in a 10% aqueous solution of formaldehyde. For microscopic analysis, glandular fragments were collected and submitted to routine process, embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, toluidine blue and picrossirius. Macroscopically were evidenced three pairs of mammary glands, two pairs positioned in the abdominal region and one pair in the inguinal region. Microscopically, was found a simple epithelium lining external mammary papillae, keratinized stratified epithelium, which continued throughout the gland. At the entrance of the papillae ostium the epithelium of the epidermis was modified occurring a transition from stratified epithelium to cubical epithelium into the papillary duct. The glandular parenchyma was characteristically alveolar with secretory cells observed predominantly in the lactating female. The macroscopic and microscopic results are similar to those already described in bitches (Cannis familiaris) and Procyon cancrivorus belonging to the same family of coati, the family Procyonidae.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Nasua nasua é um animal onívoro, encontrado em todo Brasil. A reprodução da espécie ocorre somente uma vez ao ano, na primavera. As fêmeas são matriarcas e amamentam suas crias até os 5 meses de idade, vivem com seus filhotes em bandos de até 30 indivíduos. Para descrição morfológica da glândula mamaria do Nasua nasua foram utilizados seis animais provenientes do Criatório Cientifico (Cecrimpas), Unifeob. Autorizado pelo Ibama (Proc.02027.002322/98-99). Para análise macroscópica um animal foi injetado com látex neoprene, sendo a artéria femoral injetada com látex de cor vermelha e a veia jugular de cor azul. Os demais animais foram fixados em solução aquosa a 10% de formaldeído. Para análise microscópica, fragmentos glandulares foram coletados e submetidos ao processo rotineiro, embebido em parafina e corados com Hematoxilina e Eosina, Picrossírius e Azul de Toluidina. Macroscopicamente foram evidenciados três pares de glândulas mamárias, sendo dois pares posicionados na região abdominal e um par na região inguinal. Microscopicamente, notou-se epitélio de revestimento externo das papilas mamárias, epitélio pavimentoso estratificado queratinizado, o qual seguia por toda glândula de forma irregular. Na entrada do óstio, o epitélio da epiderme era modificado ocorrendo uma transição de epitélio pavimentoso estratificado para um epitélio cúbico no ducto papilar. O parênquima glandular era caracteristicamente túbulo alveolar com células secretoras, evidenciado principalmente no animal lactente. Os resultados macroscópicos e microscópicos assemelham-se aos já descritos nas cadelas (Canis familiaris) e os do Procyon cancrivorus pertencente à mesma família do quati, Família Procyonidae. (AU)

Coati is an omnivorous animal, found throughout of Brazil. The reproduction of this species occurs only once a year during spring. Females are matriarchs and nurse their young until 5 months old, living with their young in groups of up to 30. For morphological description of the mammary gland Nasua nasua six animals were used coming from the hatchery Scientific (Cecrimpas), Unifeob. Authorized by IBAMA (Proc. 02027.002322/98-99). For the macroscopic analysis one animal was injected with neoprene latex, was injected into the femoral artery with red latex and the jugular vein with blue colored one. The others animals were fixed in a 10% aqueous solution of formaldehyde. For microscopic analysis, glandular fragments were collected and submitted to routine process, embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, toluidine blue and picrossirius. Macroscopically were evidenced three pairs of mammary glands, two pairs positioned in the abdominal region and one pair in the inguinal region. Microscopically, was found a simple epithelium lining external mammary papillae, keratinized stratified epithelium, which continued throughout the gland. At the entrance of the papillae ostium the epithelium of the epidermis was modified occurring a transition from stratified epithelium to cubical epithelium into the papillary duct. The glandular parenchyma was characteristically alveolar with secretory cells observed predominantly in the lactating female. The macroscopic and microscopic results are similar to those already described in bitches (Cannis familiaris) and Procyon cancrivorus belonging to the same family of coati, the family Procyonidae. (AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Treze quatis (Nasua nasua) oriundos do Parque Zoológico da Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso foram contidos quimicamente e submetidos a diversos procedimentos radiográficos. Foram realizadas radiografias dos membros torácicos, membros pélvicos, tórax, abdome, pescoço e crânio. As imagens obtidas foram comparadas com peça anatômica e com imagens radiográficas de caninos. Foram realizadas descrições da morfologia radiográfica de vísceras e de estruturas esqueléticas e disponibilizadas imagens das principais projeções radiográficas da espécie. As principais diferenças entre a morfologia radiográfica dos membros de quatis e de caninos ficaram limitadas às mãos e aos pés. Os quatis apresentaram 5 dígitos bem desenvolvidos com os metacarpos e os metatarsos levemente mais curtos do que os dígitos correspondentes. Essa espécie apresentou 7 vértebras cervicais, 15 torácicas, 5 vértebras lombares e 3 sacrais (fusionadas). Os seios frontais mostraram-se mais amplos, com extensão cranial entre o osso maxilar e o nasal, e numerosos septos bem evidentes. A dentição observada foi I 3/3, C1/1, P4/4, M2/2 = 40 e as principais vísceras torácicas e abdominais apresentaram aspectos anatômico e radiográfico similares às descritas para caninos.(AU)

Thirteen adult coatis (Nasua nasua) from Zoological Park of the Federal University of Mato Grosso were chemically restrained and subjected to several radiographic procedures. Radiographs of the fore limbs, hind limbs, thorax, abdomen, neck and skull were performed. The images obtained were compared to anatomical specimens and to radiographs of dogs. Descriptions of the radiographic morphology of internal organs and skeletal structures were performed and images of the main radiographs of the species were made available. The main differences between coatis and canines members radiographic morphology were limited to the hands and feet. Coatis had 5 well developed digits with the metacarpals and metatarsals slightly shorter than the corresponding digits. This species have 7 cervical vertebrae, 15 thoracic, 5 lumbar vertebrae, and 3 sacral (fused). The frontal sinuses were larger, with cranial extension between the maxillary and nasal bones, numerous and very evident septa. The observed dentition was I 3/3, C1 / 1, P4 / 4 M2 / 2 = 40 and the main thoracic and ventral organs showed similar anatomy and radiographic features to those described for canines.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Treze quatis (Nasua nasua) oriundos do Parque Zoológico da Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso foram contidos quimicamente e submetidos a diversos procedimentos radiográficos. Foram realizadas radiografias dos membros torácicos, membros pélvicos, tórax, abdome, pescoço e crânio. As imagens obtidas foram comparadas com peça anatômica e com imagens radiográficas de caninos. Foram realizadas descrições da morfologia radiográfica de vísceras e de estruturas esqueléticas e disponibilizadas imagens das principais projeções radiográficas da espécie. As principais diferenças entre a morfologia radiográfica dos membros de quatis e de caninos ficaram limitadas às mãos e aos pés. Os quatis apresentaram 5 dígitos bem desenvolvidos com os metacarpos e os metatarsos levemente mais curtos do que os dígitos correspondentes. Essa espécie apresentou 7 vértebras cervicais, 15 torácicas, 5 vértebras lombares e 3 sacrais (fusionadas). Os seios frontais mostraram-se mais amplos, com extensão cranial entre o osso maxilar e o nasal, e numerosos septos bem evidentes. A dentição observada foi I 3/3, C1/1, P4/4, M2/2 = 40 e as principais vísceras torácicas e abdominais apresentaram aspectos anatômico e radiográfico similares às descritas para caninos.

Thirteen adult coatis (Nasua nasua) from Zoological Park of the Federal University of Mato Grosso were chemically restrained and subjected to several radiographic procedures. Radiographs of the fore limbs, hind limbs, thorax, abdomen, neck and skull were performed. The images obtained were compared to anatomical specimens and to radiographs of dogs. Descriptions of the radiographic morphology of internal organs and skeletal structures were performed and images of the main radiographs of the species were made available. The main differences between coatis and canines members radiographic morphology were limited to the hands and feet. Coatis had 5 well developed digits with the metacarpals and metatarsals slightly shorter than the corresponding digits. This species have 7 cervical vertebrae, 15 thoracic, 5 lumbar vertebrae, and 3 sacral (fused). The frontal sinuses were larger, with cranial extension between the maxillary and nasal bones, numerous and very evident septa. The observed dentition was I 3/3, C1 / 1, P4 / 4 M2 / 2 = 40 and the main thoracic and ventral organs showed similar anatomy and radiographic features to those described for canines.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Estudou-se a morfologia do encéfalo de Nasua nasua - quati, buscando comparar estes achados com outras espécies já descritos. Foram utilizados cinco encéfalos de quatis, provenientes do Criatório Científico (Cecrimpas), Unifeob. Os animais foram eutanásiados de acordo com a legislação (Cobea). Canulou-se a artéria carótida comum e a veia jugular externa sentido cranial, injetou-se solução de látex/bário corado de vermelho na artéria carótida, e solução de látex corado de azul na veia jugular. Em seguida os animais fixados em solução de formaldeído a 10%. O encéfalo tem sua nutrição dependente de quatro artérias, as artérias carótidas internas e as artérias vertebrais direitas e esquerdas. Esses vasos compuseram o circuito basilar e carotídeo que se anastomosam através das artérias cerebrais caudais. Correm na base do encéfalo sob a meninge pia mater.

The morphology of the brain of coati, Nasua nasua, was studied, to compare the findings with other species described. The brains of five coatis were used, proceeding from the Scientific Breeding School (Cecrimpas), Unifeob. The animals were sacrificed in accordance with the legislation (Cobea). With a needle, the common carotid artery and the external jugular vein was cannulated to cranial direction, injected latex solution stained with colored red barium respectively. Afterwards the animals were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution. Brain has its dependent nutrition of four arteries, the internal carotid arteries and the right and left vertebral arteries. These vessels had composed the basal and carotid circuits that anastomose through the cerebral arteries volumes. They run in the base of the brain under piamater meninges.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Estudou-se a morfologia do encéfalo de Nasua nasua - quati, buscando comparar estes achados com outras espécies já descritos. Foram utilizados cinco encéfalos de quatis, provenientes do Criatório Científico (Cecrimpas), Unifeob. Os animais foram eutanásiados de acordo com a legislação (Cobea). Canulou-se a artéria carótida comum e a veia jugular externa sentido cranial, injetou-se solução de látex/bário corado de vermelho na artéria carótida, e solução de látex corado de azul na veia jugular. Em seguida os animais fixados em solução de formaldeído a 10%. O encéfalo tem sua nutrição dependente de quatro artérias, as artérias carótidas internas e as artérias vertebrais direitas e esquerdas. Esses vasos compuseram o circuito basilar e carotídeo que se anastomosam através das artérias cerebrais caudais. Correm na base do encéfalo sob a meninge pia mater.(AU)

The morphology of the brain of coati, Nasua nasua, was studied, to compare the findings with other species described. The brains of five coatis were used, proceeding from the Scientific Breeding School (Cecrimpas), Unifeob. The animals were sacrificed in accordance with the legislation (Cobea). With a needle, the common carotid artery and the external jugular vein was cannulated to cranial direction, injected latex solution stained with colored red barium respectively. Afterwards the animals were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution. Brain has its dependent nutrition of four arteries, the internal carotid arteries and the right and left vertebral arteries. These vessels had composed the basal and carotid circuits that anastomose through the cerebral arteries volumes. They run in the base of the brain under piamater meninges.(AU)

Assuntos