RESUMO
The gut microbiota is a very important factor in the state of health of an individual, its alteration implies a situation of "dysbiosis," which can be connected to functional gastrointestinal disorders and pathological conditions, such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD), and Colorectal Cancer (CRC). In this work, we studied the effect of a food supplement called ENTERO-AD containing a mix of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus LA1, L. reuteri LR92, Bifidobacterium breve Bbr8), Matricaria Chamomilla, and B group vitamins (B1, B2, B6) on intestinal inflammation. The in vitro model used for the study is the Caco-2 cell, a culture derived from human intestinal adenocarcinoma; the inflammatory condition was achieved with treatment with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the association between Tumor necrosis factor α/Interferon γ (TNF-α/IFN-γ) [1,2]. The effect of ENTERO-AD was evaluated by cell viability, measures of Transepithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER), paracellular permeability, and immunofluorescence. Results of the study have shown that ENTERO-AD has a favorable effect on Caco-2 cells in inflammatory conditions. It improves the integrity of Occludin and Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) proteins, leading to an improvement in terms of TEER values and a reduction of paracellular permeability. This evidence underlines the protective effect of ENTERO-AD and its components in intestinal inflammation.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Mucosa Intestinal , Extratos Vegetais , Probióticos , Humanos , Probióticos/farmacologia , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Células CACO-2 , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Vitaminas/farmacologia , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamação/patologia , Doenças Inflamatórias IntestinaisRESUMO
Introduction: This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized (1:1) clinical trial was conducted at the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, from March to September 2017. Methods: Eligible participants included adults aged 18 years and older, living in the community, diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus according to ADA guidelines, capable of self-managing their diabetes, and able to visit the study site for follow-up. The intervention group received 25 ml of a probiotic beverage containing with over 10^8 CFU/mL of Lactobacillus, administered four times daily. An equal volume of inactivated Lactobacillus was administered to the control group and the control group was administered the same volume of inactivated Lactobacillus. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics on glycemic control and other diabetes-related outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes patients. The primary outcomes were changes in HbA1c and FBG levels post-intervention. Investigators, participants, and study site personnel were blinded to the treatment allocation until the conclusion of the study. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-POR-17010850). Results: Of the 490 participants screened, 213 were randomized to either the probiotics group (n = 103) or the placebo group (n = 110). After 16 weeks of follow-up, the probiotic group showed reductions in HbA1c [-0.44 (-0.66 to -0.22)] and FBG [-0.97 (-1.49 to 0.46)] post-intervention, similar to the placebo group with reductions in HbA1c [-0.33 (-0.52 to -0.15)] and FBG [-0.90 (-1.32 to -0.47)], but these changes were not statistically significant in PP and ITT analyses (P>0.05). Adverse events were similarly distributed among groups, indicating comparable safety profiles. Discussion: Overall, 16-week probiotic supplementation showed no beneficial effects on glycemic control, lipid profiles, or weight. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=18421, identifier ChiCTR-POR-17010850.
Assuntos
Glicemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Controle Glicêmico , Lipídeos , Probióticos , Humanos , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Masculino , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Controle Glicêmico/métodos , Glicemia/metabolismo , Lipídeos/sangue , Idoso , Adulto , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the effect of a commercially available multi-ingredient powder (AG1â) on the gut microbiome and assess the impact of AG1â on GI tolerability and other clinical safety markers in healthy men and women. METHODS: Using a double-blind, randomized, two-arm, placebo-controlled, parallel design, we examined a 4-week daily supplementation regimen of AG1â vs. placebo (PL). Fifteen men and 15 women provided stool samples for microbiome analysis, questionnaires for digestive quality of life (DQLQ), and completed visual analog scales (VAS) and Bristol stool charts to assess stool consistency and bowel frequency before and after the 4-week intervention. Participant's blood work (CBC, CMP, and lipid panel) was also assessed before and after the 4-week intervention. Alpha diversity was determined by Shannon and Chao1 index scores and evaluated by a two-way ANOVA, beta diversity in taxonomic abundances and functional pathways was visualized using partial least squares-discriminant analyses and statistically evaluated by PERMANOVA. To identify key biomarkers, specific feature differences in taxonomic relative abundance and normalized functional pathway counts were analyzed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe). Questionnaires, clinical safety markers, and hemodynamics were evaluated by mixed factorial ANOVAs with repeated measures. This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06181214). RESULTS: AG1â supplementation enriched two probiotic taxa (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum) that likely stem from the probiotics species that exist in the product, as well as L. lactis CH_LC01 and Acetatifactor sp900066565 ASM1486575v1 while reducing Clostridium sp000435835. Regarding community function, AG1â showed an enrichment of two functional pathways while diminishing none. Alternatively, the PL enriched six, but diminished five functional pathways. Neither treatment negatively impacted the digestive quality of life via DQLQ, bowel frequency via VAS, or stool consistency via VAS and Bristol. However, there may have been a greater improvement in the DQLQ score (+62.5%, p = 0.058, d = 0.73) after four weeks of AG1â supplementation compared to a reduction (-50%) in PL. Furthermore, AG1â did not significantly alter clinical safety markers following supplementation providing evidence for its safety profile. CONCLUSIONS: AG1â can be consumed safely by healthy adults over four weeks with a potential beneficial impact in their digestive symptom quality of life.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Fezes , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Probióticos , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Método Duplo-Cego , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Fezes/microbiologia , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major cause of peptic ulcer disease (PUD), which needs effective eradication of the organism to heal ulcers and prevent a recurrence. In recent years, increasing resistance of H. pylori to clarithromycin and amoxicillin have decreased peptic ulcer cure rate following treatment with standard triple therapy worldwide. The addition of probiotics with standard triple therapy has shown excellent efficacy in H. pylori eradication and has appeared to be an alternative treatment strategy. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of standard triple therapy plus probiotics for H. pylori eradication and ulcer healing compared to standard triple therapy alone. This double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial included 158 with endoscopically proven H. pylori-positive PUD who were randomly allocated equally into two groups; Group A was treated with standard triple therapy plus probiotics, and Group B was treated with standard triple therapy plus placebo for 14 days. The outcome was evaluated at the end of treatment (14th day) (symptoms plus adverse events) and after 60 days of treatment completion (H. pylori eradication and ulcer healing). One hundred forty four (144) study subjects (73 in Group A and 71 in Group B) completed the study. Significantly higher H. pylori eradication rate (82.2%vs. 67.6%, p=0.043) and ulcer healing rate (92.3% vs. 60.0%, p=0.049) were observed in the standard triple therapy plus probiotic group than the standard triple therapy plus placebo group. Early relief of epigastric pain was also seen among patients getting probiotics than the placebo in addition to standard triple therapy (42.3% vs. 15.1%, p<0.001).The addition of probiotics significantly improves the H. pylori eradication rate and ulcer healing rate among the patients getting standard triple therapy. Further large-scale, multi-center studies are needed to recommend routine use of probiotics with standard triple therapy for H. pylori eradication.
Assuntos
Amoxicilina , Antibacterianos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Úlcera Péptica , Probióticos , Humanos , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Úlcera Péptica/microbiologia , Úlcera Péptica/tratamento farmacológico , Úlcera Péptica/terapia , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Helicobacter/terapia , Masculino , Feminino , Método Duplo-Cego , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Amoxicilina/uso terapêutico , Amoxicilina/administração & dosagem , Claritromicina/uso terapêutico , Claritromicina/administração & dosagem , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The present study aimed to investigate the impact of adding two doses of a commercial probiotic on productive performance, ruminal and fecal microbiome in growing lambs. Forty-two Texel or Ile de France crossbred lambs aged 86.9 ± 8.0 days (body weight: 27.4 ± 3.7 kg) were distributed into three groups: basal diet without probiotic supplementation (CG); basal diet + 1 g/animal/day of probiotic (GP1) and basal diet + 5 g/animal/day of probiotic (GP5). The experimental period was 84 days. The weight was evaluated weekly and dry matter intake (DMI) and leftovers were measured daily. At the end of the experiment, lambs were slaughtered. Feces and rumen fluid were collected for microbiome analysis and rumen fragments for histological evaluation. The use of probiotics did not affect weight gain, but GP1 showed a higher silage and DMI intake than CG (p < 0.001). The CG had a greater thickness of keratinized epithelium and stratum corneum (< 0.001) than GP1 and GP5, and greater total papilla width (p = 0.039) than GP1. There was no difference in the general abundance in the rumen and fecal microbiomes. GP5 had a higher proportion of Azoarcus and Dialister taxa in the rumen fluid (p = 0.012 and p = 0.017, respectively) and higher proportion of Treponema and Fibrobacter taxa in the fecal microbiome (p = 0.015 and p = 0.026, respectively), whereas CG had a higher proportion of Anaeroplasma than the other groups (p = 0.032). These results demonstrated the benefits of probiotics for ruminal epithelium protection and microbial diversity. However, there was no effect on performance parameters.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Dieta , Suplementos Nutricionais , Fezes , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Probióticos , Rúmen , Carneiro Doméstico , Animais , Rúmen/microbiologia , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/farmacologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Ração Animal/análise , Dieta/veterinária , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Carneiro Doméstico/microbiologia , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Masculino , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , OvinosRESUMO
Importance: Probiotic supplementation may improve bowel movements. However, large, properly designed studies are lacking. Objective: To evaluate the potential benefit of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis HN019 on constipation, expressed as complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs). Design, Setting, and Participants: This randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial with 2 weeks of run-in and 8 weeks of intervention was conducted from December 25, 2020, to February 28, 2022, at 5 hospitals in Shanghai, China. Participants included healthy volunteers with functional constipation according to Rome III criteria, 18 to 70 years of age, and a body mass index (calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared) of less than 30.0. Eligibility after the run-in phase required the randomized participants to have 3 or fewer CSBMs/wk. Data were analyzed from September 29, 2022, to March 23, 2023, and reported as intention to treat. Intervention: Participants were randomized to receive probiotic (B lactis HN019, 7.0 × 109 colony forming units (CFU)/d in maltodextrin at the start of the study and 4.69 × 109 CFU/d at the end of the study or maltodextrin placebo once a day for 8 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures: Primary outcome was change in CSBMs. Secondary outcomes included use of rescue medication, stool consistency, degree of straining for each bowel movement, abdominal pain, and bloating. Further, dietary habits and physical activity were recorded. Fecal samples were analyzed for moisture content, short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain fatty acids, microbiota composition, and calprotectin. Results: Of the 283 individuals assessed for eligibility, 229 were randomized to either the placebo (n = 117) or the HN019 (n = 112) group. One participant in the placebo group discontinued due to COVID-19 restrictions. The 229 participants (194 [84.7% female) had a median age of 45 (38-52) years, mean (SD) BMI of 22.8 (2.5), and a mean (SD) of 0.77 (1.0) CSBM/wk. There was no difference in the change of weekly CSBMs from baseline to the end of study between the HN019 (least-square mean change, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.54-1.05]) and placebo (least-square mean change, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.41-0.90]) groups. Conclusions and Relevance: Although probiotics have been reported to improve bowel function, this large, well-conducted randomized clinical trial did not confirm such results. Daily consumption of B lactis HN019 at the tested dose of 4.69 × 109 CFU did not outperform placebo to increase CSBMs. Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2000029215.
Assuntos
Bifidobacterium animalis , Constipação Intestinal , Probióticos , Humanos , Constipação Intestinal/terapia , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , China , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Defecação/efeitos dos fármacos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Probiotics and polyphenols have multiple bioactivities, and developing co-encapsulated microcapsules (CM) is a novel strategy to enhance their nutritional diversity. However, the development of CMs is challenged by complicated processing, single types, and unclear in vivo effects and applications. In this study, the co-microencapsulations of polyphenol and probiotic were constructed using pectin, alginate (WGCA@LK), and Fu brick tea polysaccharides (WGCF@LK), respectively, with chitosan-whey isolate proteins by layer-by-layer coacervation reaction, and their protective effects, in vivo effectiveness, and application potential were evaluated. WGCA@LK improved the encapsulation rate of polyphenols (42.41 %), and remained high viability of probiotics after passing through gastric acidic environment (8.79 ± 0.04 log CFU/g) and storage for 4 weeks (4.59 ± 0.06 log CFU/g). WGCF@LK exhibited the highest total antioxidant activity (19.40 ± 0.25 µmol/mL) and its prebiotic activity removed the restriction on probiotic growth. WGCA@LK showed strong in vitro colonic adhesion, but WGCF@LK promoted in vivo retention of probiotics at 48 h. WGCF@LK showed excellent anti-inflammatory effects and alleviated symptoms of acute colitis in mice. These findings provide unique insights into the fortification of probiotic-polyphenol CMs by different polysaccharides and the development of novel health foods with rich functional hierarchies and superior therapeutic effects.
Assuntos
Cápsulas , Colite , Polifenóis , Polissacarídeos , Probióticos , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/química , Animais , Polifenóis/química , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Camundongos , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Alimentos Fortificados , Alginatos/química , Alginatos/farmacologia , Masculino , Pectinas/química , Pectinas/farmacologia , Chá/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Quitosana/química , Sulfato de Dextrana/química , Composição de Medicamentos/métodosRESUMO
Acrylamide (ACR) with its extensive industrial applications is a classified occupational hazard toxin and carcinogenic compound. Its formation in fried potatoes, red meat and coffee during high-temperature cooking is a cause for consideration. The fabrication of chitosan-coated probiotic nanoparticles (CSP NPs) aims to enhance the bioavailability of probiotics in the gut, thereby improving their efficacy against ACR-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Nanoencapsulation, a vital domain of the medical nanotechnology field plays a key role in targeted drug delivery, bioavailability, multi-drug load delivery systems and synergistic treatment options. Our study exploited the nanoencapsulation technology to coat Lactobacillus fermentum (probiotic) with chitosan (prebiotic), both with substantial immunomodulatory effects, to ensure the stability and sustained release of microbial load and its secondary metabolites in the gut. The combination of pre-and probiotic components, called synbiotic formulations establishes the correlation between the gut microbiota and the overall well-being of an organism. Our study aimed to develop a potent synbiotic to alleviate the impacts of heat-processed dietary toxins that significantly influence behaviour, development, and survival. Our synbiotic co-treatment with ACR in fruit flies normalised neuro-behavioural, survival, redox status, and restored ovarian mitochondrial activity, contrasting with several physiological deficits observed in the ACR-treated model.
Assuntos
Acrilamida , Quitosana , Drosophila melanogaster , Limosilactobacillus fermentum , Nanopartículas , Probióticos , Animais , Quitosana/química , Quitosana/farmacologia , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Nanopartículas/química , Acrilamida/química , Acrilamida/toxicidade , Drosophila melanogaster/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
RATIONALE: Eczematous external otitis (EEO) is the most difficult-to-treat otitis externa, and characterized by the symptoms of inflammation with hypersensitivity of the external ear canal skin. It is acknowledged as a chronic skin inflammation primarily caused by dermatological and allergic reactions. Food allergens are also considered a cause to induce the inflammation. However, the role of food specific IgG4 in this disease is unclear yet. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 54-year-old woman complained of recurrent itching of the external auditory meatus for 3 years and nails chapping of hands for 2 years. DIAGNOSES AND INTERVENTIONS: She was diagnosed with EEO and underwent the therapeutic strategy as food elimination of egg, milk and wheat, guided by the result of food specific IgG4 together with probiotics on the basis of previous symptom controlling therapy. OUTCOMES: After 17 months' treatment, she was finally free of all the symptoms and the serum IgG4 specific to all foods are under normal limit. LESSONS: To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report revealing the clinical significance of food specific IgG4 in EEO, and the successful treatment with diet elimination guided by food specific IgG4 threw a new light on the clinical management of refractory EEO.
Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade Alimentar , Imunoglobulina G , Otite Externa , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/dietoterapia , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/complicações , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/imunologia , Otite Externa/tratamento farmacológico , Eczema/dietoterapia , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/uso terapêuticoAssuntos
Refluxo Gastroesofágico , Antagonistas dos Receptores H2 da Histamina , Probióticos , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons , Humanos , Lactente , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/diagnóstico , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/terapia , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/efeitos adversos , Limosilactobacillus reuteri , Antagonistas dos Receptores H2 da Histamina/administração & dosagem , Antagonistas dos Receptores H2 da Histamina/efeitos adversos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This study aimed to screen the bioactive components in Streptococcus equinus WC1 (SE-WC1) and Limosilactobacillus reuteri GM4 (LR-GM4) and estimate the therapeutic role in Ehrlich solid tumors (EST) mice model. Forty-four male albino EST mice were assigned into 7 groups and treated daily for 2 weeks, including the EST group, the EST mice that received SE-WC1 at a low or a high dose (0.5 ml *106 or 0.5 ml *108 cfu), the EST mice that received LR-GM4 at the low or the high dose (0.5 ml *106 or 0.5 ml *108 cfu), and the EST mice that received SE-WC1 plus LR-GM4 at the low or the high dose. Tumors were harvested, weighed, examined, and used for the determination of apoptosis-related gene expression. Samples of the intestine, liver, and kidney were gathered for histological examination. The GC-MS identified 24 and 36 bioactive compounds in SE-WC1 and LR-GM4, respectively. The main compound in SE-WC1 was lupeol; however, the main compound in LR-GM4 was retinaldehyde. EST mice showed disturbances in Bcl-2, Bax, and p53 mRNA expression along with histological changes in the intestine, liver, and kidney. Administration of both bacterial strains reduced the tumor weight, alleviated the disturbances in the gene expression, and improved the histological structure of the intestine, liver, and kidney in a dose-dependent. Moreover, LR-GM4 was more effective than SE-WC1 due to its higher content of bioactive compounds. It could be concluded that these strains of probiotics are promising for the treatment of solid tumors.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Ehrlich , Limosilactobacillus reuteri , Probióticos , Animais , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Camundongos , Masculino , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/terapia , Limosilactobacillus reuteri/metabolismo , Streptococcus/metabolismo , Streptococcus/genética , Metabolismo Secundário , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fígado/metabolismoRESUMO
Following on from our pilot studies, this study aimed to test the efficacy of a combination of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Streptococcus thermophilus), magnesium orotate and coenzyme 10 for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) through a double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. The participants were 120 adults diagnosed with MDD randomised to daily oral administration, over 8 weeks, of either the intervention or placebo, with a 16-week follow-up period. Intent-to-treat analysis found a significantly lower frequency of the presence of a major depressive episode in the intervention group compared with placebo at the end of the 8-week treatment phase, with no difference between the two conditions at 8-week follow-up. Both the categorical and continuous measure of depressive symptoms showed a significant difference between the two conditions at 4 weeks, but not 8 and 16 weeks. The secondary end-point was demonstrated with an overall reduction in self-rated symptoms of anxiety and stress in the active treatment group compared with placebo. These findings suggest that the combination of probiotics, magnesium orotate and coenzyme 10 may be an effective treatment of MDD over an 8-week period.
Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Probióticos , Humanos , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/tratamento farmacológico , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/terapia , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Método Duplo-Cego , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento , Lactobacillus acidophilus , Bifidobacterium bifidum , Streptococcus thermophilusRESUMO
Introduction: Yogurt has been valued very positively for centuries, but the concern for food sustainability and the fact that it is a food of animal origin has raised doubts about the consumption that may be convenient. The objective of this work is to deepen the topic and establish recommendations for the population. From the nutritional point of view, yogurt is a valuable food, for its high content, quality and bioavailability of its nutrients, in a low energy content, its components together with probiotic microorganisms are provided in a matrix that helps achieve greater nutritional and health benefit. Regular consumption of yogurt has been linked to cardiovascular protection, against diabetes, excess weight, cancer, bone health. Thinking about environmental sustainability, yogurt production is not particularly dangerous, as the kg of CO2 eq (greenhouse gases) associated with their production are the lowest obtained compared to other animal foods and even lower than those associated with the production of some plant foods and the supply of nutrients per 1000 kcal, per 100 g, or per euro is one of the highest available. There is the possibility to further improve sustainability with improvements in animal feed, packaging, transport, etc. Considering this evidence, the daily consumption of yogurt / fermented milk should be included in the food guidelines, not only as one more milk option, but specifying a specific consumption such as a ration / day, this pattern can be useful from the nutritional point of view and for the improvement of public health.
Introducción: El yogur ha sido valorado positivamente durante siglos, pero la preocupación por la sostenibilidad alimentaria y al hecho de tratarse de un alimento de origen animal han hecho dudar respecto al consumo que puede ser conveniente. El objetivo del presente trabajo es profundizar en el tema y establecer recomendaciones para la población. Desde el punto de vista nutricional, el yogur es un alimento valioso por la calidad, la biodisponibilidad y el elevado contenido de sus nutrientes, con un bajo contenido energético. Estos componentes, junto con microorganismos probióticos, aportan una matriz que ayuda a lograr un mayor beneficio nutricional y sanitario. El consumo regular de yogur se ha relacionado con protección cardiovascular, frente a la diabetes, al exceso de peso, frente al cáncer y con la salud ósea. Pensando en la sostenibilidad ambiental, la producción de yogur no es especialmente peligrosa, pues los kilogramos de CO2 equivalentes asociados a su producción son de los más bajos que se obtienen en comparación con otros alimentos de origen animal, e incluso más bajos que los asociados a la producción de algunos alimentos vegetales, y el aporte de nutrientes por 1000 kcal, por cada 100 g, o por euro, es de los más elevados que pueden obtenerse; existe la posibilidad de mejorar más la sostenibilidad con cambios en la alimentación animal, los envases, el transporte, etc. Teniendo en cuenta estas evidencias, el consumo diario de yogur o de leche fermentada debería incluirse en las guías alimentarias, no solo como una opción láctea más, sino especificando un consumo concreto, como puede ser una ración al día. Esta pauta puede ser útil desde el punto de vista nutricional y para la mejora de la salud pública.
Assuntos
Iogurte , Humanos , Alimentos Fermentados , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Valor Nutritivo , Política Nutricional , AnimaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To assess the effects of inactivated Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ILR) on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, colonic microbiota, and metabolomics in weaned piglets, 120 piglets were randomly divided into five groups. Samples in the control group were fed a basal diet, while the experimental ILR1, ILR2, ILR3, and ILR4 groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4% ILR, respectively. The prefeeding period lasted for 5 days and was followed by a formal period of 28 days. RESULTS: Compared to the control, the average daily gain increased by 4.38%, 7.98%, 19.32%, and 18.80% for ILR1, ILR2, ILR3, and ILR4, respectively, and the ratio of feed to gain decreased by 0.63%, 3.80%, 12.66%, and 10.76%, respectively. Serum IgA, IgG, IgM, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione peroxidase levels increased significantly in weaned piglets in the treatment groups. Addition of 0.3% ILR significantly increased the Shannon and Simpson indices of the colonic microbiota in weaned piglets and altered the microbiota composition. Changes in metabolic profiles were observed and were primarily related to the urea cycle, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION: ILR improved growth performance and serum immunological and biochemical indices and optimized the colonic microbiota structure and metabolism of weaned piglets.
Assuntos
Colo , Dieta , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus , Probióticos , Desmame , Animais , Suínos/sangue , Suínos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/farmacologia , Colo/microbiologia , Colo/metabolismo , Dieta/veterinária , Ração Animal/análise , MasculinoAssuntos
Antibacterianos , Cirurgia de Mohs , Probióticos , Humanos , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Cirurgiões , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias Cutâneas/cirurgiaRESUMO
Chronic inflammation is the gate of many human illnesses and happens when the immune system is unable to suppress external attacks in the correct form. Nonetheless, the gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in keeping homeostasis in the human body and preventing inflammation. Imbalanced microbiota and many diseases can result in inflammation, which when not taken seriously, can be turned into chronic ones and ultimately lead to serious diseases such as cancer. One approach to maintaining hemostasis in the human body is consumption of probiotics as a supplement. Probiotics impact the immune functions of dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, and B cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue by inducing the secretion of an array of cytokines. They activate the innate immune response through their microbial-associated molecular pattern, and this activation is followed by multiple cytokine secretion and adaptive elicitation that mitigates pro-inflammatory expression levels and tumor incidence. Thus, according to several studies showing the benefit of probiotics application, alone or in combination with other agents, to induce potent immune responses in individuals against some inflammatory disorders and distinct types of cancers, this review is devoted to surveying the role of probiotics and the modulation of inflammation in some cancer models.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Inflamação , Neoplasias , Probióticos , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias/imunologia , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Inflamação/imunologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Citocinas/metabolismoRESUMO
Prior research has indicated that the gut-lung-axis can be influenced by the intestinal microbiota, thereby impacting lung immunity. Rifaximin is a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug that can maintain the homeostasis of intestinal microflora. In this study, we established an influenza A virus (IAV)-infected mice model with or without rifaximin supplementation to investigate whether rifaximin could ameliorate lung injury induced by IAV and explore the molecular mechanism involved. Our results showed that IAV caused significant weight loss and disrupted the structure of the lung and intestine. The analysis results of 16S rRNA and metabolomics indicated a notable reduction in the levels of probiotics Lachnoclostridium, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013, and tryptophan metabolites in the fecal samples of mice infected with IAV. In contrast, supplementation with 50 mg/kg rifaximin reversed these changes, including promoting the repair of the lung barrier and increasing the abundance of Muribaculum, Papillibacter and tryptophan-related metabolites content in the feces. Additionally, rifaximin treatment increased ILC3 cell numbers, IL-22 level, and the expression of RORγ and STAT-3 protein in the lung. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated that the administration of rifaximin can mitigate damage to the intestinal barrier while enhancing the expression of AHR, IDO-1, and tight junction proteins in the small intestine. Overall, our results provided that rifaximin alleviated the imbalance in gut microbiota homeostasis induced by IAV infection and promoted the production of tryptophan-related metabolites. Tryptophan functions as a signal to facilitate the activation and movement of ILC3 cells from the intestine to the lung through the AHR/STAT3/IL-22 pathway, thereby aiding in the restoration of the barrier. KEY POINTS: ⢠Rifaximin ameliorated IAV infection-caused lung barrier injury and induced ILC3 cell activation. ⢠Rifaximin alleviated IAV-induced gut dysbiosis and recovered tryptophan metabolism. ⢠Tryptophan mediates rifaximin-induced ILC3 cell activation via the AHR/STAT3/IL-22 pathway.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Vírus da Influenza A , Pulmão , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae , Rifaximina , Animais , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Rifaximina/uso terapêutico , Camundongos , Pulmão/microbiologia , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/tratamento farmacológico , Vírus da Influenza A/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Interleucinas/genética , Interleucina 22 , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Fezes/microbiologia , Triptofano/metabolismo , Lesão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Probióticos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Aim: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LRa05 supplementation in enhancing Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication rate and alleviating the gastrointestinal side effects associated with bismuth quadruple therapy. Methods: H. pylori-positive patients were randomized to receive levofloxacin-based bismuth quadruple therapy combined either probiotic LRa05 or a placebo for two weeks, followed by LRa05 (1 × 1010 CFU) or maltodextrin for the next two weeks. H. pylori infection was detected by 13C breath test pre- and post-treatment. Blood and stool samples were collected at week 0 and week 4 for routine and biochemical analysis, and serum inflammatory markers. Gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated using the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS). Intestinal microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. The research was listed under the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300072220), and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Results: The LRa05 group exhibited a trend toward higher H. pylori eradication rates (86.11%) compared to the placebo group (82.86%), though the difference was not statistically significant. Significant reductions in neutrophil count, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, pepsinogen I, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) (p < 0.05) suggest that LRa05 supplementation may mitigate inflammation, enhance liver function, and potential aid in early cancer prevention. GSRS symptom scores showed that LRa05 alleviated abdominal pain, acid reflux, bloating, and diarrhea, enhancing patient compliance. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing showed that LRa05 countered the antibiotic-induced disruption of gut microbiota diversity, primarily by increasing beneficial bacteria. Conclusion: Although LRa05 did not significantly improve the success rate of H. pylori eradication therapy, it has the potential to improve liver function and reduced levels of inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and TNF-α in the body, regulating the inflammatory response. In addition, it played a positive role in alleviating the adverse symptoms and gut microbiota disturbances caused by eradication therapy, providing a possible way to improve the overall health of patients and demonstrating promising clinical potential. Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2300072220.
Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus , Probióticos , Humanos , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Feminino , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Método Duplo-Cego , Adulto , Resultado do Tratamento , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia CombinadaRESUMO
The probiotic properties of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) and its impact on immune function are well-documented. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a crucial immune molecule in Gram-positive bacteria. Despite extensive research on LTA's structural diversity, the immunomodulatory mechanisms of L. reuteri LTA remain largely unexplored. This study investigates the immunomodulatory effects of L. reuteri L1 LTA at various concentrations on RAW 264.7 cells and mice under normal and inflammatory conditions. We found that LTA does not significantly affect healthy subjects; however, low-concentration LTA can reduce inflammation induced by LPS in cells and mice, enhancing the abundance of dominant intestinal bacteria. In contrast, high-concentration LTA exacerbates intestinal damage and dysbiosis. Creatinine may play a role in this differential response. In summary, while LTA does not alter immune homeostasis in healthy organisms, low-concentration LTA may mitigate damage from immune imbalance, but high-concentration LTA can worsen it. This suggests a quantitative requirement for probiotic intake. Our study provides critical theoretical support for understanding the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics on the host and paves the way for future research into the immune mechanisms of probiotics.