RESUMO
En tiempo de las Invasiones Inglesas reinaba en Gran Bretaña Jorge III (1738-1820), singular personaje afectado por crisis demenciales temporarias que lo inhabilitaban para gobernar. El soberano padecía de porfiria, enfermedad metabólica que cursa con brotes de esquizofrenia. Debió superar muchos cambios políticos, la Guerra de los Siete Años y la Guerra de la Independencia de Gales, luego de haber designado primer ministro a Williams Pitt. Después de un ataque muy severo sufrido por el monarca en 1788, el doctor Richard Warren emitió un veredicto decisivo: Rex noster insanita (nuestro rey está loco), refiriéndose a su paciente regio, que murió ciego, sordo y en estado de demencia senil. La dimensión patológica de Jorge III ha sido evaluada por el historiador Vivian Green, profesor de Oxford, quien determinó que más que una tragedia pública, la locura del rey inglés fue una desgracia personal.
At the time of the English Invasions, George III (1738-1820) reigned in Great Britain; a singular character affected by temporary dementia crisis that inhibit him to reign. The King suffered of porphyria, a metabolic disease with frequent outbreaks of schizophrenia. He had to overcome many political changes, the Seven Years' War and the Welsh Independence's War, after appointing Williams Pitt as prime minister. After a very severe attack undergone by the monarch in 1788, doctor Richard Warren issued a decisive verdict: Rex noster insanita (our king is crazy), referring to his regal patient, who died blind, deaf and in a state of senile dementia. The pathological dimension of George III has been evaluated by the historian Vivian Green, an Oxford professor, who determined that more than a public tragedy, the madness of the British king was a personal misfortune.
Assuntos
História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , Pessoas Famosas , Poder Psicológico , Transtornos Mentais/etiologia , Transtornos Mentais/história , Inglaterra , Porfirias/complicações , Porfirias/genética , Porfirias/psicologiaRESUMO
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a heme precursor accumulated during the clinical expression of acute intermittent porphyria, lead poisoning, and tyrosinosis, has been hypothesized to act as an endogenous source of oxyradicals. We now report oxidative effects on brain tissue of rats submitted to ALA treatment. Upon acute treatment (40 mg/kg body weight) increased total nonheme iron in the cortex (20%) was observed. After prolonged ALA administration (40 mg/kg body weight on alternate days during 2 weeks), the following indicators of oxidative stress were found to be significantly increased: CuZnSOD activity (67%) in total brain homogenate, total iron (68%) and ferritin (71%) in the cortex, ferritin in striatum (44%), protein carbonyls in homogenate of cerebral cortex (threefold) and 45Ca2+ uptake by cortical synaptosomes (45%). In addition, synaptic membranes prepared from whole brain assayed with the radioligand 3H-muscimol, revealed increased Kd values (twofold) of the high-affinity GABAergic receptor binding and formation of protein carbonyl groups, thiobarbituric acid reactive products, and conjugated dienes. In vitro, ALA produced similar effects upon the high affinity 3H-muscimol binding. No apparent alteration of either dopaminergic or serotonergic [3H]-ligand binding was observed. These results argue in favor of ALA-triggered oxidative stress in brain accompanied by iron metabolism alterations and GABAergic receptor damage, which may be implicated in the neuropsychiatric manifestations of the aforementioned porphyrias.