RESUMO
With the aim of expanding the potential application scope of mulberries, eleven pH-switchable deep eutectic solvents were screened for the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of mulberry polysaccharides, and a salt/salt aqueous two-phase system was constructed for the efficient separation of mulberry polysaccharides by regulating the system pH. DES-9 (tetraethylammonium chloride: octanoic acid molar ratio = 1: 2) with a critical response pH value of approximately 6.1 was concluded to be the best extraction solvent for extracting mulberry polysaccharides. A maximum polysaccharide extraction yield of 270.71 mg/g was obtained under the optimal conditions. The maximum polysaccharide extraction efficiency was 78.09 % for the pH-driven tetraethylammonium chloride/K2HPO4 aqueous two-phase system. An acidic ß-pyran mulberry polysaccharide with a low-molecular weight of 9.26 kDa and a confirmed monosaccharide composition were obtained. This efficient and environmentally friendly polysaccharide separation method offers a new approach for the efficient extraction and utilization of other plant polysaccharides.
Assuntos
Solventes Eutéticos Profundos , Morus , Extratos Vegetais , Polissacarídeos , Morus/química , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Solventes Eutéticos Profundos/química , Fracionamento Químico/métodos , Peso Molecular , Frutas/química , Cloreto de Sódio/químicaRESUMO
Protein glycosylation, one of the most important biologically relevant post-translational modifications for biomarker discovery, faces analytical challenges due to heterogeneous glycosite, diverse glycans, and mass spectrometry limitations. Glycopeptide enrichment by removing abundant hydrophobic peptides helps overcome some of these obstacles. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), known for its selectivity, glycan separations, intact glycopeptide enrichment, and compatibility with mass spectrometry, has seen recent advancements in stationary phases like Amide-80, glycoHILIC, amino acids or peptides for improved HILIC-based glycopeptide analysis. Utilization of these materials can improve glycopeptide enrichment through solid-phase extraction and separation via high-performance liquid chromatography. Additionally, using glycopeptides themselves to modify HILIC stationary phases holds promise for improving selectivity and sensitivity in glycosylation analysis. Additionally, HILIC has capability to assess the information about glycosites and structural information of glycans. This review summarizes recent breakthroughs in HILIC stationary materials, highlighting their impact on glycopeptide analysis. Ongoing research on advanced materials continues to refine HILIC's performance, solidifying its value as a tool for exploring protein glycosylation.
Assuntos
Glicopeptídeos , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Polissacarídeos , Glicopeptídeos/química , Glicopeptídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glicopeptídeos/análise , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Polissacarídeos/análise , Glicosilação , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Extração em Fase Sólida/métodos , HumanosRESUMO
Seaweed extracts, especially fucoidan, are well known for their immune-modulating abilities. In this current study, we extracted fucoidan from Costaria costata, a seaweed commonly found in coastal Asia, and examined its anti-inflammatory effect. Fucoidan was extracted from dried C. costata (FCC) using an alcohol extraction method at an extraction rate of 4.5 ± 0.21%. The extracted FCC comprised the highest proportion of carbohydrates, along with sulfate and uronic acid. The immune regulatory effect of FCC was examined using bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Pretreatment with FCC dose-dependently decreased the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules and major histocompatibility complex. In addition, FCC prevented morphological changes in LPS-induced BMDCs. Moreover, treatment of LPS-induced BMDCs with FCC suppressed the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In C57BL/6 mice, oral administration of FCC suppressed LPS-induced lung inflammation, reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Finally, the administration of FCC suppressed LPS-induced sepsis. Therefore, FCC could be developed as a health supplement based on the observed anti-inflammatory effects.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios , Citocinas , Lipopolissacarídeos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Polissacarídeos , Animais , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Polissacarídeos/química , Lipopolissacarídeos/toxicidade , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Camundongos , Citocinas/metabolismo , Células Dendríticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Alga Marinha/química , Masculino , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Pneumonia/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
In the recent era, bio-nanocomposites represent an emerging group of nanostructured hybrid materials and have been included in a new field at the frontier of materials science, life sciences, and nanotechnology. These biohybrid materials reveal developed structural and functional features of great attention for diverse uses. These materials take advantage of the synergistic assembling of biopolymers with nanometer-sized reinforcements. Conversely, polysaccharides have received great attention due to their several biological properties like antimicrobial and antioxidant performance. They mainly originated in different parts of plants, animals, seaweed, and microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and yeasts). Polysaccharide-based nanocomposites have great features, like developed physical, structural, and functional features; affordability; biodegradability; and biocompatibility. These bio-based nanocomposites have been applied in biomedical, water treatment, food industries, etc. This paper will focus on the very recent trends in bio-nanocomposite based on polysaccharides for diverse applications. Sources and extraction methods of polysaccharides and preparation methods of their nanocomposites will be discussed.
Assuntos
Nanocompostos , Polissacarídeos , Nanocompostos/química , Biopolímeros/química , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Nanotecnologia/métodosRESUMO
Licorice is not only a widely used food, but also a classic tonic Chinese medicine, which mainly contains glycyrrhiza polysaccharides (GP) and flavonoids with excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pharmacological activities. In this study, a neutral homogeneous polysaccharide (GP1-2) was isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. However, its gelation behavior and properties have yet to be comprehensively studied. In this study, a Ca2+ cross-linked physical hydrogel based on neutral GP1-2 (GP1-2-Ca2+) is fabricated. The ability of metal ions to cross-linked gelation with GP1-2 is explored with respect to the polysaccharide concentrations, ion species, and pH environments. The pH range of Ca2+ cross-linked with GP1-2 to form hydrogel is 8 to 10, and the gelation concentration ranges from 20.0 % to 50.0 % w/v. Subsequently, the properties of the GP1-2-Ca2+ hydrogels are investigated using rheological measurements, scanning electron microscopy, free radical scavenging, MTT assays, healing capability, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The results reveal that the structure of GP1-2 presents an irregular porous structure, however, the physical gel formed after cross-linking with Ca2+ microscopically showed a globular porous structure with uniform distribution, suggesting that this structure characteristic may be used as a carrier material for drug delivery. Meanwhile, the GP1-2-Ca2+ hydrogel also possessed extraordinary viscoelasticity, cytocompatibility, antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory activity, and ability to promote wound healing. Furthermore, the potential of GP1-2-Ca2+ hydrogels as drug delivery materials was validated by using rhein as a model drug for encapsulation, it is demonstrated that its cumulative release behavior of GP1-2-Ca2+ is pH-dependent. All in all, this study reveals the potential application of natural polysaccharides in drug delivery, highlighting its dual roles as carrier materials and bioactive ingredients.
Assuntos
Glycyrrhiza , Hidrogéis , Polissacarídeos , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glycyrrhiza/química , Hidrogéis/química , Cálcio , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Animais , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Camundongos , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Portadores de Fármacos/químicaRESUMO
Polysaccharide fractions from the mycelium of the lion's mane medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus BP 16, cultivated on sterile grain substrates (barley, oats, wheat, rice, rye), were isolated and characterized. One percent solutions were prepared from the resulting fractions, mixed with blood, which was then subjected to cold stress at a temperature of 6°C for 3, 5 and 7 d. It has been shown that the fraction of H. erinaceus grown on rye is characterized by a high content of the protein fraction and arabinose monosaccharide and contributes to the preservation of higher phagocytic, bactericidal and antioxidant activity cells throughout the entire period of stress. Polysaccharide fractions of the fungus H. erinaceus, grown on various grain substrates, can serve as an immunomodulatory and antioxidant food additive and provide significant benefits in the daily life of people with stress and reduced immunity.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Hericium , Neutrófilos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Hericium/química , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Micélio/química , Humanos , Estresse Fisiológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Agentes de Imunomodulação/farmacologia , Agentes de Imunomodulação/química , Agentes de Imunomodulação/isolamento & purificação , Polissacarídeos Fúngicos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos Fúngicos/químicaRESUMO
The effect of polysaccharides isolated from the aboveground parts of Saussurea salicifolia (L.) DC on Th2 type immune response reactions was studied. Administration of water-soluble polysaccharides presented by arabino-galacturonans (weight average molecular weight 158.49 kDa) to mice against the background of experimental Th2 immunity reduced the severity of anaphylactic and local immediate type hypersensitivity reactions. It also suppressed the production of ovalbumin-specific IgE and IgG1 and increased the stability of mast cell membranes. The studied polysaccharide complex increased IFNγ secretion and inhibited IL-4 synthesis. These findings suggest that these polysaccharides may be considered as potential anti-allergic agents that suppress the development of allergy in its early stages.
Assuntos
Imunoglobulina E , Polissacarídeos , Saussurea , Células Th2 , Saussurea/química , Animais , Células Th2/imunologia , Células Th2/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Polissacarídeos/química , Interleucina-4/imunologia , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Anafilaxia/imunologia , Anafilaxia/tratamento farmacológico , Anafilaxia/induzido quimicamente , Interferon gama/imunologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Mastócitos/imunologia , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Feminino , Antialérgicos/farmacologia , Antialérgicos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Large-leaf Yellow tea (LYT) is a traditional beverage from Camellia Sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze in China and has unusual health-regulating functions. This investigation explored the structural characteristics of a polysaccharide extracted from LYT, which possesses anti-inflammatory activity. The polysaccharide HDCP-2, obtained through ethanol fractional precipitation and then DEAE-52 anion exchange column, followed by DPPH radical scavenging screening, exhibited a yield of 0.19 %. The HPGPC method indicated that the molecular weight of HDCP-2 is approximately 2.9 × 104 Da. Analysis of the monosaccharide composition revealed that HDCP-2 consisted of mannose, glucose, xylose, and galacturonic acid, and their molar ratio is approximately 0.4:0.5:1.2:0.7. The structure motif of HDCP-2 was probed carefully through methylation analysis, FT-IR, and NMR analysis, which identified the presence of ß-d-Xylp(1â, â2, 4)-ß-d-Xylp(1â, â3)-ß-d-Manp(1â, α-d-Glcp(1â and â2, 4)-α-d-GalAp(1â linkages. A CCK-8 kit assay was employed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of HDCP-2. These results demonstrated that HDCP-2 could inhibit the migration and proliferation of the MH7A cells and reduce NO production in an inflammatory model induced by TNF-α. The abundant presence of xylose accounted for 39 % of the LYT polysaccharide structure, and its distinctive linking mode (â2, 4)-ß-d-Xylp(1â) appears to be the primary contributing factor to its anti-inflammatory effect.
Assuntos
Camellia sinensis , Polissacarídeos , Animais , Camundongos , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Camellia sinensis/química , Peso Molecular , Monossacarídeos/análise , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Células RAW 264.7 , Solubilidade , Água/químicaRESUMO
Purple mangosteen scarfskin polysaccharide has many important physiological functions, but its preparation method, structure, and function need further exploration. A polysaccharide was obtained from mangosteen scarfskin by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and purified. On this basis, its structure and physicochemical properties were investigated. The Congo red experiment was used to determine whether it has a triple helix conformation. The structure of purple mangosteen scarfskin polysaccharide was further analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic analysis. The antioxidant activities of the above three polysaccharides were studied by related experiments. It was found that the monosaccharide composition of purple mangosteen scarfskin polysaccharide mainly contained a large amount of arabinose, a small amount of rhamnoose and a very small amount of galacturonic acid, and its core main chain was composed of 1,4-α-arabinose. It did not have this spatial configuration. After the acetylation of purple mangosteen scarfskin polysaccharide, the acetylated derivative with a degree of substitution of 0.33 was obtained. It was found that they had certain scavenging and inhibiting effects on hydroxyl radicals and lipid peroxidation, and their activities were related to the concentration of polysaccharides. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity of the polysaccharide was significantly enhanced after the modified treatment of acetylation, which indicated that chemical modification could effectively improve some activities of polysaccharide. The above studies provided some reference value for the further research and development of purple mangosteen scarfskin polysaccharide.
Assuntos
Garcinia mangostana , Polissacarídeos , Ondas Ultrassônicas , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Acetilação , Garcinia mangostana/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Fracionamento Químico/métodosRESUMO
Buckwheat sprouts are rich in pectic polysaccharides, which possess numerous health-improving benefits. However, the precise structure-activity relationship of pectic polysaccharides from Tartary buckwheat sprouts (TP) is still scant, which ultimately restricts their applications in the food industry. Hence, both ultrasound-assisted Fenton treatment (UAFT) and mild alkali treatment (MATT) were utilized for the modification of TP, and then the effects of physicochemical characteristics of original and modified TPs on their bioactivities were assessed. Our findings reveled that the UAFT treatment could precisely reduce TP's molecular weight, with the levels decreased from 8.191 × 104 Da to 0.957 × 104 Da. Meanwhile, the MATT treatment could precisely reduce TP's esterification degree, with the values decreased from 28.04 % to 4.72 %. Nevertheless, both UAFT and MATT treatments had limited effects on the backbone and branched chain of TP. Moreover, our findings unveiled that the UAFT treatment could notably promote TP's antioxidant, antiglycation, and immunostimulatory effects, while remarkedly reduce TP's anti-hyperlipidemic effect, which were probably owing to that the UAFT treatment obviously reduced TP's molecular weight. Additionally, the MATT treatment could also promote TP's immunostimulatory effect, which was probably attributed to that the MATT treatment significantly decreased TP's esterification degree. Interestingly, the MATT treatment could regulate TP's antioxidant and antiglycation effects, which was probably attributed to that the MATT treatment simultaneously reduced its esterification degree and bound phenolics. Our findings are conducive to understanding TP's structure-activity relationship, and can afford a scientific theoretical basis for the development of functional or healthy products based on TPs. Besides, the UAFT treatment can be a promising approach for the modification of TP to improve its biological functions.
Assuntos
Álcalis , Fagopyrum , Polissacarídeos , Ondas Ultrassônicas , Fagopyrum/química , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Álcalis/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Ferro/química , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Fenômenos Químicos , Animais , Peso MolecularRESUMO
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii polysaccharides (CRPs) are bioactive compounds derived from C. reinhardtii, yet their potential in cancer therapy remains largely unexplored. This study optimized the ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions using response surface methodology and proceeded with the isolation and purification of these polysaccharides. The optimal extraction conditions were identified as a sodium hydroxide concentration of 1.5%, ultrasonic power of 200 W, a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:25 g/mL, an ultrasonic treatment time of 10 min, and a water bath duration of 2.5 h, yielding an actual extraction rate of 5.71 ± 0.001%, which closely aligns with the predicted value of 5.639%. Infrared analysis revealed that CRP-1 and CRP-2 are α-pyranose structures containing furoic acid, while CRP-3 and CRP-4 are ß-pyranose structures containing furoic acid. Experimental results demonstrated that all four purified polysaccharides inhibited the proliferation of cervical (HeLa) hepatoma (HepG-2) and colon (HCT-116) cancer cells, with CRP-4 showing the most significant inhibitory effect on colon cancer and cervical cancer, achieving inhibition rates of 60.58 ± 0.88% and 40.44 ± 1.44%, respectively, and significantly reducing the migration of HeLa cells. DAPI staining confirmed that the four purified polysaccharides inhibit cell proliferation and migration by inducing apoptosis in HeLa cells. CRP-1 has the most significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of liver cancer cells. This study not only elucidates the potential application of C. reinhardtii polysaccharides in cancer therapy but also provides a scientific basis for their further development and utilization.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Proliferação de Células , Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , Polissacarídeos , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Polissacarídeos/química , Humanos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos/química , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células HeLa , Células Hep G2 , Células HCT116 , Animais , Linhagem Celular TumoralRESUMO
Red seaweed carrageenans are frequently used in industry for its texturizing properties and have demonstrated antiviral activities that can be used in human medicine. However, their high viscosity, high molecular weight, and low skin penetration limit their use. Low-weight carrageenans have a reduced viscosity and molecular weight, enhancing their biological properties. In this study, ι-carrageenan from Solieria chordalis, extracted using hot water and dialyzed, was depolymerized using hydrogen peroxide and ultrasound. Ultrasonic depolymerization yielded fractions of average molecular weight (50 kDa) that were rich in sulfate groups (16% and 33%) compared to those from the hydrogen peroxide treatment (7 kDa, 6% and 9%). The potential bioactivity of the polysaccharides and low-molecular-weight (LMW) fractions were assessed using WST-1 and LDH assays for human fibroblast viability, proliferation, and cytotoxicity. The depolymerized fractions did not affect cell proliferation and were not cytotoxic. This research highlights the diversity in the biochemical composition and lack of cytotoxicity of Solieria chordalis polysaccharides and LMW fractions produced by a green (ultrasound) depolymerization method.
Assuntos
Carragenina , Peso Molecular , Rodófitas , Humanos , Rodófitas/química , Carragenina/farmacologia , Oligossacarídeos/farmacologia , Oligossacarídeos/química , Oligossacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Polimerização , Ondas Ultrassônicas , ViscosidadeRESUMO
Hordeum vulgare husk, a cereal grain, is rich in dietary fiber and prebiotics beneficial for the gut microbiota and host organism. This study investigates the effects of barley husk-derived water-soluble xylan (BH-WSX) on gut homeostasis and the microbiome. We enzymatically extracted BH-WSX and evaluated its prebiotic and antioxidant properties. A 40.0 % (w/v) xylan yield was achieved, with the extracted xylan having a molecular mass of 212.0885 and a xylose to glucuronic acid molar ratio of 6:1. Specialized optical rotation research indicated that the isolated xylan is composed of monomeric sugars such as D-xylose, glucose, and arabinose. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that the xylan comprises ß (1 â 4) linked xylose units, randomly substituted with glucose residues, α-arabinofuranose, and acetyl groups. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis showed that the barley husk extract's backbone is substituted with 4-O-methyl glucuronic acid at the O2 position. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that WSX exhibits a single sharp peak at 266 °C on the Differential Thermal Gravimetry (DTG) curve. Furthermore, a combination of in vitro, in vivo models, and molecular docking analysis elaborated on the anti-adhesion properties of BH-WSX. This study presents a novel approach to utilizing barley husk as an efficient source of functional polysaccharides for food-related industrial applications.
Assuntos
Hordeum , Hordeum/química , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Xilanos/química , Xilanos/farmacologia , Xilanos/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Simulação de Acoplamento MolecularRESUMO
An innovative acidic hydrolysate fingerprinting workflow was proposed for the characterization of Lyophyllum Decastes polysaccharide (LDP) by ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The crude polysaccharides were firstly separated and purified by using DE-52 column and the BRT GPC purification system, respectively. The molecular weight and monosaccharide content of homogeneous polysaccharides were ascertained by utilizing HPGPC and ion chromatography separately. Secondly, the linkage of LDP was identified by methylation analysis and 1D/2D NMR spectra. The UPLC-MS/MS was used to scan and identify the acidic hydrolysate products of LDP using the PGC column. The oligosaccharides were collected by chromatography and identified by mass spectrometry. Thirdly, the expression of IL-1ß, IL-6, iNOS, TNF-α and IFNAR-I was measured in order to assess the immunological activity of LDP. Besides, the targeted receptors identification of polysaccharides was performed by screening the expression of TLRs family protein. The results showed that oligosaccharide fragments with different molecular weights can be obtained by partial hydrolysis, which further verified that the structures of LDP polysaccharides was a 1-6-linked ß-glucan. Moreover, the LDP polysaccharide can up-regulate the content of IL-1ß, IL-6, iNOS, TNF-α and IFNAR-I and plays an important immunoregulation role through TLRs family.
Assuntos
Peso Molecular , Polissacarídeos , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Camundongos , Animais , Células RAW 264.7 , Hidrólise , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Fatores Imunológicos/química , Monossacarídeos/análise , Citocinas/metabolismoRESUMO
In the current environment whereby new sources of proteins are extracted from plant material, it is also important to study the potential use of the resulting side streams. Although a number of studies have been conducted on various polysaccharides extracted from plant raw material, a polysaccharide fraction extracted from lupin bean is yet to be explored, in spite of the emerging interest in this crop as a source of food ingredients. In this work lupin soluble polysaccharide (LuPS) was obtained with a recovery as high as 46 % by extraction at pH 8, 120 °C, for 90 min. This fraction, named LuPS-8, was composed of a mostly linear pectic polysaccharide with a weight average molecular mass of 6608 kg/mol, and containing 71.0 % galactose, with minor amounts of arabinose (16.0 %), glucuronic acid 4.6 %, and galacturonic acid 4.1 %. When added to an acid milk dispersion, LuPS-8 improved its dispersibility, providing storage stability against sedimentation over a wider pH range than a HM-pectin reference, between 3.6-4.4. This research demonstrated the potential for upcycling of a side stream of lupin protein production, by the creation of value-added novel functional polysaccharide.
Assuntos
Lupinus , Polissacarídeos , Solubilidade , Água , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Lupinus/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Água/química , Peso Molecular , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Estabilidade Proteica , Fracionamento Químico/métodosRESUMO
Saussurea laniceps is a traditional medicinal herb. In our previous study, a pectin polysaccharide, SLP-4, was isolated from the petals of S. laniceps. In this study, the immunomodulatory activity of SLP-4 was studied by analyzing its effects on macrophage (RAW 264.7 cells) polarization. The immunomodulatory activity assays indicated that SLP-4 could significantly enhance the pinocytic and phagocytic capacity and promote the expression and secretion of cytotoxic molecules (nitric oxide, increased by 6.4 times when the SLP-4 concentration was 800 µg/mL) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 increased by 7.7 and 11.9 times, respectively) in original macrophage. The possible mechanism could be attributed to the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways through Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Moreover, SLP-4 significantly induced M1 polarization of original macrophages and transferred macrophages from M2 to M1, but had little effect on the conversion of M1 macrophages into M2 phenotype. Overall, these results demonstrate the potential of SLP-4 as an attractive immunomodulating functional supplement.
Assuntos
Macrófagos , Óxido Nítrico , Pectinas , Fagocitose , Saussurea , Animais , Camundongos , Pectinas/farmacologia , Pectinas/química , Pectinas/isolamento & purificação , Células RAW 264.7 , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/imunologia , Saussurea/química , Fagocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Flores/química , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Ativação de Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Pinocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Agentes de Imunomodulação/farmacologia , Agentes de Imunomodulação/química , Agentes de Imunomodulação/isolamento & purificação , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma (CD), is mainly distributed in the regions of China (Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu), Mongolia, Iran and India. Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide (CDPs), as one of the main components and a crucial bioactive substance of CD, has a variety of pharmacological activities, including immunomodulatory, anti-aging, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-osteoporotic, anti-inflammatory, intestinal flora regulatory effects. Many polysaccharides have been successfully obtained in the last three decades from CD. However, there is currently no comprehensive review available concerning CDPs. Considering the importance of CDPs for biological study and drug discovery, the present review aims to systematically summarize the recent major studies on extraction and purification methods of polysaccharides from CD, as well as the characterization of their chemical structure, biological activity, structure-activity relationship, and the application of CDPs in pharmaceutical field. Meanwhile, the shortcomings of CDPs research are further discussed in detail, and new valuable insights for future CDPs research as therapeutic agents and functional foods are proposed.
Assuntos
Cistanche , Polissacarídeos , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Cistanche/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
This study aimed to optimize the extraction of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides (HEP) using ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction combined with Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal extraction conditions were identified as: 33 min extraction time, 30:1 liquid to material ratio, 38 °C extraction temperature, 9 g/kg cellulase amount, pH 4, and 20 % ethanol concentration. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of HEP was 5.87 ± 0.16 %, consistent with the predicted results. Additionally, the potential immunomodulatory activity of HEP on RAW 264.7 macrophage was evaluated. The results revealed that HEP improved the immunostimulatory activity of RAW264.7 cells, evident from increased production of IL-6 and TNF-α. These findings suggest that HEP is capable of enhancing the immune activity of RAW 264.7 macrophage.
Assuntos
Hericium , Macrófagos , Camundongos , Animais , Células RAW 264.7 , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Hericium/química , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Fatores Imunológicos/química , Fatores Imunológicos/isolamento & purificação , Polissacarídeos Fúngicos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos Fúngicos/química , Polissacarídeos Fúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Agentes de Imunomodulação/farmacologia , Agentes de Imunomodulação/química , Agentes de Imunomodulação/isolamento & purificação , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Interleucina-6/metabolismoRESUMO
Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. (C. morifolium), as a traditional ornamental plant, it has multiple values, including edible, economic, nutritional and even medicinal values, which is used as herbal medicine and a new food resource in the world. Polysaccharides are one of the main bioactive components in C. morifolium, which have various health benefits such as improving functional constipation, improving colitis, anti-glycosylation, antioxidant, anti-angiogenesis, immunomodulation, prebiotic, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. This paper describes the extraction, purification, structural characteristics, health benefits, structural-activity relationships, applications, and analyses the shortcomings of the major relevant studies exist on C. morifolium polysaccharides. In addition, the potential mechanisms of the health benefits of C. morifolium polysaccharides were summarized. This study can provide reference and direction for further research and development of C. morifolium polysaccharides.
Assuntos
Chrysanthemum , Polissacarídeos , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Chrysanthemum/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Animais , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Allium roseum is amongst the most important wild medicinal plants. It is known for its diverse biological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial and antidiabetic activities. In this work, the polysaccharides (PARLs) were ultrasonically extracted from Allium roesum leaves then purified and analyzed by several techniques. Chemical composition and GC-MS analysis showed that the obtained polysaccharides were composed mainly of glucose (40.20 %), mannose (25.30 %), fructose (10.60 %) and galacturonic acid (15.11 %). Moreover, PARLs exhibited a potent antioxidant effect with higher capacities up to 69.61 % and 71.72 % for DPPH and ABTS free radicals, respectively. Furthermore, PARLs significantly modulated inflammatory response by reducing TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 pro-inflammatory mediators and promoting the anti-inflammatory IL-10 mediator in LPS stimulated THP-1 derived macrophages. The in-vivo tests proved that the extract was able to decrease carrageenan-induced rat paw swelling by around 68.15 % after 4 h of treatment. PARLs, significantly reduced the growth of U87 (glioblastoma) and IGROV-1 cancer cells with IC50 values of about 4.27 and 7.89 mg/mL respectively. This research clearly shows that Allium roseum polysaccharides can be used as natural antioxidants with anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.