RESUMO
O tratamento das infecções oculares por fungos representa um desafio à prática oftalmológica. Para obtermos resposta terapêutica adequada, além do uso da droga correta, é necessária a administração desta de forma eficaz. Este manuscrito reúne informações a respeito das principais drogas antifúngicas utilizadas em infecções oculares, suas concentrações e principais vias de administração.
Treatment of fungal eye infections represents a challenge to the ophthalmology practice. For an adequate therapeutic response, besides correct drug choice, it is necessary an effectively administration. This script gathers information about the major antifungal drugs used in eye infections, their concentrations and main administration routes.
Assuntos
Humanos , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Interações Medicamentosas , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/tratamento farmacológico , Azóis/administração & dosagem , Azóis/uso terapêutico , Equinocandinas/administração & dosagem , Equinocandinas/uso terapêutico , Pirimidinas/administração & dosagem , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Polienos/administração & dosagem , Polienos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Rapamycin is a macrolide antibiotic whose potent immunosuppressor activity was recently described in vivo and in vitro. The aim of the present work was to determine if rapamycin could affect an established inflammatory response. Conscious pathogen-free Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs (300-400 g) were injected intravenously with Sephadex beads (G50, superfine, 10 to 40 microns, 24 mg/kg) to induce lung inflammation and bronchial hyperreactivity. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected 2, 12 and 24 h after Sephadex administration and the cells were counted. Bronchial tissue was used to construct dose-response (contraction, g) curves to histamine and acetylcholine 24 h after the Sephadex injection, using a cascade system. Results are presented as area under the log dose-response curves. Test animals were injected with rapamycin (5 mg/kg) or its vehicle by the intramuscular route either 2 or 12 h after Sephadex injection and BAL fluid collected 24 h after Sephadex administration. Rapamycin administration 2 h after Sephadex reduced eosinophil and lymphocyte numbers in BAL by 52 and 55%, respectively, but not ex vivo bronchial hyperreactivity induced by Sephadex injection. However, rapamycin administration 12 h after Sephadex reduced BAL eosinophil and lymphocyte numbers (55 and 62%, respectively) and bronchial hyperreactivity. The increase in neutrophil numbers in BAL induced by Sephadex injection was not modified by rapamycin. Since lymphocyte numbers in BAL were significantly increased in Sephadex-treated animals at 12 h but not at 2 h after Sephadex injection, the present results suggest that the inhibition of bronchial hyperreactivity by rapamycin may be dependent on the presence of lymphocytes elicited into the airways by Sephadex injection.
Assuntos
Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumopatias/etiologia , Polienos/farmacologia , Animais , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/induzido quimicamente , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/citologia , Contagem de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Dextranos , Esquema de Medicação , Cobaias , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Polienos/administração & dosagem , SirolimoRESUMO
Rapamycin is a macrolide antibiotic whose potent immunosuppressor activity was recently described in vivo and in vitro. The aim of the present work was to determine if rapamycin could affect an established inflammatory response. Conscious pathogen-free Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs (300-400 g) were injected intravenously with Sephadex beads (G50, superfine, 10 to 40 microns, 24 mg/kg) to induce lung inflammation and bronchial hyperreactivity. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected 2, 12 and 24 h after Sephadex administration and the cells were counted. Bronchial tissue was used to construct dose-response (contraction, g) curves to histamine and acetylcholine 24 h after the Sephadex injection, using a cascade system. Results are presented as area under the log dose-response curves. Test animals were injected with rapamycin (5 mg/kg) or its vehicle by the intramuscular route either 2 or 12 h after Sephadex injection and BAL fluid collected 24 h after Sephadex administration. Rapamycin administration 2 h after Sephadex reduced eosinophil and lymphocyte numbers in BAL by 52 and 55 per cent , respectively, but not ex vivo bronchial hyperreactivity induced by Sephadex injection. However, rapamycin administration 12 h after Sephadex reduced BAL eosinophil and lymphocyte numbers (55 and 62 per cent , respectively) and bronchial hyperreactivity. The increase in neutrophil numbers in BAL induced by Sephadex injection was not modified by rapamycin. Since lymphocyte numbers in BAL were significantly increased in Sephadex-treated animals at 12 h but not at 2 h after Sephadex injection, the present results suggest that the inhibition of bronchial hyperreactivity by rapamycin may be dependent on the presence of lymphocytes elicited into the airways by Sephadex injection