RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bacterial infections are responsible of high economic losses in aquaculture. Mexican golden trout (Oncorhynchus chrysogaster) is a threatened native trout species that has been introduced in aquaculture both for species conservation and breeding for production and for which no studies of bacterial infections have been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: Fish from juvenile stages of Mexican golden trout showed an infectious outbreak in a farm in co-culture with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), showing external puntiform red lesions around the mouth and caudal pedunculus resembling furuncles by Aeromonas spp. and causing an accumulated mortality of 91%. Isolation and molecular identification of bacteria from lesions and internal organs showed the presence of Aeromonas bestiarum, Aeromonas sobria, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Ichthyobodo necator isolated from a single individual. All bacterial isolates were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefazoline. P. shigelloides was resistant to third generation ß-lactamics. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of coinfection by Aeromonas bestiarum, Aeromonas sobria, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Ichthyobodo necator in an individual of Mexican golden trout in co-culture with rainbow trout. Resistance to ß-lactams suggests the acquisition of genetic determinants from water contamination by human- or livestock-associated activities.
Assuntos
Aeromonas , Coinfecção , Doenças dos Peixes , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas , Oncorhynchus mykiss , Oncorhynchus , Parasitos , Plesiomonas , Aeromonas/genética , Animais , Coinfecção/veterinária , Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/veterinária , Necator , Plesiomonas/genéticaRESUMO
Fish and fish products are considered a fundamental part of the human diet due to their high nutritional value. Food-borne diseases are considered a major public health challenge worldwide due to their incidence, associated mortality, and negative economic repercussions. Food safety is the guarantee that foods will not cause harm to the health of those who consume them, and it is a fundamental property of food quality. Food safety can be at risk of being lost at any stage of the food chain if the food is contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms. Many diverse bacteria are present in the environment and as part of the microbiota of food that can be transmitted to humans during the handling and consumption of food. Plesiomonas shigelloides has been mainly associated with outbreaks of gastrointestinal diseases due to the consumption of fish. This bacterium inhabits the environment and aquatic animals and is associated with the microbiota of fish such as tilapia, a fish of importance in fishing, aquaculture, commercialization, and consumption worldwide. The purpose of this document is to provide, through a bibliographic review of databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, among others), a general informative perspective on food-borne diseases and, in particular, the consumption of fish and tilapia. Diseases derived from contamination by Plesiomonas shigelloides are included, and control and prevention actions and sanitary regulations for fishery products established in several countries around the world are discussed to promote the safety of foods of aquatic origin intended for human consumption and to protect public health.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Contaminação de Alimentos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/veterinária , Plesiomonas/isolamento & purificação , Alimentos Marinhos/microbiologia , Tilápia/microbiologia , Animais , Aquicultura , Carga Bacteriana , Criopreservação , Reservatórios de Doenças , Produtos Pesqueiros/microbiologia , Manipulação de Alimentos , Conservação de Alimentos , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Gastroenterite/etiologia , Gastroenterite/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Humanos , Plesiomonas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Prevalência , Controle de Qualidade , Poluição da ÁguaRESUMO
The present study aimed at evaluating the role of captive scarlet ibises (Eudocimus ruber) and their environment as reservoirs of Aeromonas spp. and Plesiomonas spp., and analyzing the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence of the recovered bacterial isolates. Thus, non-lactose and weak-lactose fermenting, oxidase positive Gram-negative bacilli were recovered from cloacal samples (n = 30) of scarlet ibises kept in a conservational facility and from water samples (n = 30) from their environment. Then, the antimicrobial susceptibility, hemolytic activity and biofilm production of the recovered Aeromonas spp. and Plesiomonas shigelloides strains were assessed. In addition, the virulence-associated genes of Aeromonas spp. were detected. Ten Aeromonas veronii bv. sobria, 2 Aeromonas hydrophila complex and 10 P. shigelloides were recovered. Intermediate susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime was observed in 2 Aeromonas spp. and 1 P. shigelloides, respectively, and resistance to gentamicin was observed in 4 P. shigelloides. The automated susceptibility analysis revealed resistance to piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem among Aeromonas spp. and intermediate susceptibility to gentamicin among P. shigelloides. All Aeromonas isolates presented hemolytic activity, while 3 P. shigelloides were non-hemolytic. All Aeromonas spp. and 3/10 P. shigelloides were biofilm-producers, at 28 °C, while 10 Aeromonas spp. and 6/10 P. shigelloides produced biofilms, at 37 °C. The most prevalent virulence genes of Aeromonas spp. were asa1 and ascV. Scarlet ibises and their environment harbour potentially pathogenic bacteria, thus requiring monitoring and measures to prevent contamination of humans and other animals.
Assuntos
Aeromonas/isolamento & purificação , Doenças das Aves/microbiologia , Aves/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/veterinária , Plesiomonas/isolamento & purificação , Aeromonas/classificação , Aeromonas/efeitos dos fármacos , Aeromonas/patogenicidade , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Ecossistema , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Plesiomonas/classificação , Plesiomonas/efeitos dos fármacos , Plesiomonas/patogenicidade , VirulênciaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from water in Brazil was previously described as a hemorrhagic heat-labile cytotoxic-enterotoxin producer. We purified this toxin from culture supernatants using ion metallic affinity chromatography (IMAC) followed by molecular exclusion chromatography. The pure toxin presented molecular mass of 50 kDa and isoelectric point (pI) around 6.9 by 2D electrophoresis. When injected intravenously, the purified cytotoxic-enterotoxin induced also severe spasms followed by sudden death of mice. Hence, we entitled it as lethal cytotoxic-enterotoxin (LCE). The presence of membrane vesicles (MVs) on cell surfaces of P. shigelloides was observed by scan electron microscopy (SEM). From these MVs the LCE toxin was extracted and confirmed by biological and serological assays. These data suggest that P. shigelloides also exports this cytotoxic-enterotoxin by membrane vesicles, a different mechanism of delivering extra cellular virulence factors, so far not described in this bacterium.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Plesiomonas/metabolismo , Vesículas Citoplasmáticas , Fatores de Virulência , Rios/microbiologia , Enterotoxinas/farmacologia , Células Vero , Testes de Neutralização , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Chlorocebus aethiops , Plesiomonas/patogenicidade , Plesiomonas/ultraestrutura , Dose Letal MedianaRESUMO
Plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from water in Brazil was previously described as a hemorrhagic heat-labile cytotoxic-enterotoxin producer. We purified this toxin from culture supernatants using ion metallic affinity chromatography (IMAC) followed by molecular exclusion chromatography. The pure toxin presented molecular mass of 50kDa and isoelectric point (pI) around 6.9 by 2D electrophoresis. When injected intravenously, the purified cytotoxic-enterotoxin induced also severe spasms followed by sudden death of mice. Hence, we entitled it as lethal cytotoxic-enterotoxin (LCE). The presence of membrane vesicles (MVs) on cell surfaces of P. shigelloides was observed by scan electron microscopy (SEM). From these MVs the LCE toxin was extracted and confirmed by biological and serological assays. These data suggest that P. shigelloides also exports this cytotoxic-enterotoxin by membrane vesicles, a different mechanism of delivering extra cellular virulence factors, so far not described in this bacterium.
Assuntos
Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Vesículas Citoplasmáticas , Enterotoxinas/farmacologia , Plesiomonas/metabolismo , Rios/microbiologia , Fatores de Virulência , Animais , Chlorocebus aethiops , Dose Letal Mediana , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Testes de Neutralização , Plesiomonas/patogenicidade , Plesiomonas/ultraestrutura , Coelhos , Células VeroRESUMO
Background: Bacterial diseases are reported to cause heavy mortalities in both cultured and wild fishes throughout the world. In any field, diagnosis of disease plays a main role in curing the disease. In aquaculture, antibiotics are used to control the infectious diseases caused by bacteria. The use of antibiotics has been questioned as it experiences problems of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials and unacceptable residues in aquaculture products and environment. Recently, many studied have been performed in the application of probiotic as a control measure of infectious diseases. Therefore, this study has designed for the isolation of possible probiotic bacteria which inhibit the growth of specific pathogenic bacteria isolated from a fresh water ornamental fish.Materials, Methods & Results: Diseased cichlid fishes were brought to the laboratory for the isolation of causative bacteria. A total of three strains were isolated (APG01, APG02 and FA3) from the serially diluted samples of gut, gill and spleen. The isolated pathogenic bacteria were injected at the concentration of 105 cfu/mL to healthy cichlid fishes to find out its virulency in vivo at varying time duration (12, 24, 36 and 48 h) of exposure for 15 days. Among the three isolates, only APG01 caused 100% mortality of cichlid fishes at 48 h of exposure. APG01 was subjected to 16S rRNA characterization...
Assuntos
Animais , Ciclídeos/microbiologia , Plesiomonas/isolamento & purificação , Pseudomonas , /análise , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Probióticos/análiseRESUMO
Background: Bacterial diseases are reported to cause heavy mortalities in both cultured and wild fishes throughout the world. In any field, diagnosis of disease plays a main role in curing the disease. In aquaculture, antibiotics are used to control the infectious diseases caused by bacteria. The use of antibiotics has been questioned as it experiences problems of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials and unacceptable residues in aquaculture products and environment. Recently, many studied have been performed in the application of probiotic as a control measure of infectious diseases. Therefore, this study has designed for the isolation of possible probiotic bacteria which inhibit the growth of specific pathogenic bacteria isolated from a fresh water ornamental fish.Materials, Methods & Results: Diseased cichlid fishes were brought to the laboratory for the isolation of causative bacteria. A total of three strains were isolated (APG01, APG02 and FA3) from the serially diluted samples of gut, gill and spleen. The isolated pathogenic bacteria were injected at the concentration of 105 cfu/mL to healthy cichlid fishes to find out its virulency in vivo at varying time duration (12, 24, 36 and 48 h) of exposure for 15 days. Among the three isolates, only APG01 caused 100% mortality of cichlid fishes at 48 h of exposure. APG01 was subjected to 16S rRNA characterization...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Plesiomonas/isolamento & purificação , Ciclídeos/microbiologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/análise , Pseudomonas , Probióticos/análise , Concentração de Íons de HidrogênioRESUMO
Diarrheal risk associated with Plesiomonas shigelloides infection was assessed in rural communities in northwestern Ecuador during 2004-2008. We found little evidence that single infection with P. shigelloides is associated with diarrhea but stronger evidence that co-infection with rotavirus causes diarrhea.
Assuntos
Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/epidemiologia , Plesiomonas/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Coinfecção/microbiologia , Coinfecção/virologia , Diarreia/microbiologia , Diarreia/virologia , Equador/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/virologia , Humanos , Lactente , Prevalência , Infecções por Rotavirus/microbiologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/virologiaRESUMO
Acute diarrhea is still one of the main causes of disease in developing countries. At the National Reference Laboratory for Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases, of the "Pedro Kourí" Tropical Medicine Institute, 54 Plesiomonas shigelloides strains were serotyped. As a result, the circulation of four new serotypes (O20:H2, 056:H18, 071 :H31,081 :H22) was detected. The most common antigenic variant was 094:H3. In addition, the susceptibility pattern to 21 antimicrobial agents (AA) was studied. Highest percentages of resistance were observed to ampicillin (77.7%), tetracycline (29.2%), and erythromycin (18.5%) while, to all other AA the resistance percentages were under 33%. There was no evidence of association between the serotypes and the multi-resistance patterns present in the strains under study. The frequency of virulence factors was determined: 21.15% of the strains turned out to be ss-haemolytic; 73.7% showed the presence of biofilm and 92.31% were hydrophobic. In 17.3% of the strains, the three virulence factors analysed were present. When establishing the relationship among the different virulence factors and the serotypes of the strains through cross reaction with the Shigella genus, there was evidence that 93.3% of the strains showed at least one of the virulence factors studied. Likewise, at least one of the virulence factors analysed was present in 90.9% of the multi-resistant strains.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Diarreia/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Plesiomonas/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Virulência/análise , Doença Aguda , Cuba , Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Fezes/microbiologia , Humanos , Plesiomonas/química , Plesiomonas/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Acute diarrhea is still one of the main causes of disease in developing countries. At the National Reference Laboratory for Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases, of the "Pedro Kourí" Tropical Medicine Institute, 54 Plesiomonas shigelloides strains were serotyped. As a result, the circulation of four new serotypes (O20:H2, 056:H18, 071 :H31,081 :H22) was detected. The most common antigenic variant was 094:H3. In addition, the susceptibility pattern to 21 antimicrobial agents (AA) was studied. Highest percentages of resistance were observed to ampicillin (77.7 percent), tetracycline (29.2 percent), and erythromycin (18.5 percent) while, to all other AA the resistance percentages were under 33 percent. There was no evidence of association between the serotypes and the multi-resistance patterns present in the strains under study. The frequency of virulence factors was determined: 21.15 percent of the strains turned out to be ß-haemolytic; 73.7 percent showed the presence of biofilm and 92.31 percent were hydrophobic. In 17.3 percent of the strains, the three virulence factors analysed were present. When establishing the relationship among the different virulence factors and the serotypes of the strains through cross reaction with the Shigella genus, there was evidence that 93.3 percent of the strains showed at least one of the virulence factors studied. Likewise, at least one of the virulence factors analysed was present in 90.9 percent of the multi-resistant strains.
La diarrea aguda (DA) continúa siendo una de las principales causas de consulta en los países en vías de desarrollo. Un agente de baja prevalencia en DA es Plesiomonas shigelloides. En el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Enfermedad Diarreica Aguda del IPK se estudiaron 54 cepas conservadas de P. shigelloides. Se determinó el serotipo detectándose por primera vez en el país la circulación de cuatro serotipos (O20:H2, 056:H18, 07LH31, 08LH22) así como la vanante antigénica de mayor prevalencia (094:H3). Se estudió el comportamiento de las cepas frente a 21 agentes antimicrobianos obteniéndose los mayores porcentajes de resistencia frente a ampicilina (77,7 por ciento), tetraciclina (29,2 por cientoo) y eritromicina (18,5 por ciento) mientras que para el resto se obtuvieron porcentajes de resistencia inferior a 33 por cientoo. No se evidenció asociación entre los serotipos y los patrones de multi-resistencia presentes en las cepas del estudio. Se estudiaron los factores de virulencia: actividad hemolítica, producción de exo-polisacáridos y adherencia a hidrocarburos. El 22,2 por ciento de las cepas resultaron B hemolíticas, 72,2 por cientoo presentó bio-película y 92,31 por ciento fueron hidrofóbicas. El 17,3 por ciento de las cepas presentaron los tres factores de virulencia. Estableciendo una relación entre los factores de virulencia y los serotipos de las cepas con reacción cruzada con el género Shigella se evidenció que 93,3 por cientoo de las cepas presentaron al menos uno de los factores de virulencia. El 90,9 por cientoo de las cepas multi-resistentes presentó al menos uno de ellos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Diarreia/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Plesiomonas/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Virulência/análise , Doença Aguda , Cuba , Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Fezes/microbiologia , Plesiomonas/química , Plesiomonas/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
We evaluated a new selective indicator medium (UNISC Agar) for isolation of classical enteropathogens, Aeromonas spp and Plesiomonas shigelloides. The xylose fermentation capacity is indicated by a yellow color (fermenting agents) or blue (no fermenting agent). This, together with the oxidase test, establishes it as an indicator for detecting Aeromonas and Plesiomonas shigelloides. Its productivity and selectivity, as assessed using the absolute count index and relative count index, indicate it as an alternative to the classical feces culturing media. This is because, in a single medium, it enables isolation of Escherichia coli, Shigella spp and Salmonella spp, in addition to Aeromonas and Plesiomonas shigelloides, thereby favoring the laboratory diagnosis of gastroenteritis.
Assuntos
Aeromonas/isolamento & purificação , Meios de Cultura/química , Plesiomonas/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/microbiologia , HumanosRESUMO
Objetivo: se realizó un estudio del agua del embalse Niña Bonita situado en Ciudad de La Habana para conocer la circulación de microorganismos de los géneros Aeromonas y Plesiomonas. Métodos: se colocaron 10 hisopos de Moore en diferentes puntos del embalse en 2002, los cuales fueron trabajados en el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Enfermedades Diarreicas Agudas del Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí. Las especies del género Aeromonas se determinaron aplicando los esquemas Aerokey II y Aeroesquema, este último fue además utilizado para la identificación de Plesiomonas. El serotipaje se realizó según el Esquema de Serotipaje Internacional. Resultados: de los hisopos se aislaron 23 cepas, de las cuales 18 (78 por ciento) pertenecían al género Aeromonas y 5 (22 por ciento) al género Plesiomonas. Las especies de Aeromonas identificadas en orden de frecuencia resultaron: A. veronii bv sobria (33 por ciento), A. trota (28 por ciento), A. jandaei (22,5 por ciento), A. hydrophila (11 por ciento) y A. caviae (5,5 por ciento). De las 5 cepas de Plesiomonas shigelloides, 3 resultaron no tipables y 2 pertenecían a los serotipos O9:H2 y O76:H39; este último circulaba por primera vez en Cuba. Conclusiones: se demostró la presencia de cepas de Aeromonas y Plesiomonas en el embalse Niña Bonita, que pudieran constituir un riesgo para la salud humana.
Objective: A study on Niña Bonita reservoir waters located in City of Havana province was conducted to find out the circulation of Aeromonas and Plesiomonas genus microorganisms. Methods: Ten Moore swabs were placed at different points of this reservoir in 2002, which were examined in the National Reference Laboratory of Diarrheal Diseases of Pedro Kourí Institute. Aeromonas species were determined through Aerokey II and Aeroesquema schemes, being the latter also used for Plesiomonas detection. Serotyping was performed according to the International Serotyping Scheme. Results: twenty three strains were isolated from the swabs of which 18 (78 por ciento) belonged to the Aeromonas genus and 5 (22 percent) to Plesiomonas genus. In order of frequency, the identified Aeromonas species were A. veroniir bv sobria (33 por ciento), A. trota (28 percent), A. jandaei (22.5 percent), A. hydrophila (11 percent) and A. caviae (5.5 percent). Out of the 5 Plesiomonas shigelloides strains, 3 were non-typable and 2 corresponded to serotypes O9:H2 and O76:H39, being the latter detected for the first time in our country. Conclusions: The circulation of Aeromonas and Plesiomonas strains in Niña Bonita reservoir was confirmed, which could pose a risk for human health.
Assuntos
Aeromonas/isolamento & purificação , Poluição de Lagos e Barragens/análise , Plesiomonas/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Avaliou-se um novo meio seletivo-indicador (ágar UNISC) para o isolamento de enteropatógenos clássicos e Aeromonas e Plesiomonas shigelloides. A capacidade de fermentação da xilose é indicada pela coloração amarela (fermentadores) ou azul (não fermentadores) que, aliada à prova da oxidase, constitui-se em indicador para a detecção de Aeromonas spp e Plesiomonas shigelloides. A produtividade e seletividade, avaliadas pelos índice de contagem absoluta e índice de contagem relativa indicam-no como uma alternativa aos coprocultivos clássicos porque permite, num só meio, o isolamento de Escherichia coli, Shigella spp, Salmonella spp, bem como, Aeromonas spp e Plesiomonas shigelloides, favorecendo o diagnóstico laboratorial das gastroenterites.
We evaluated a new selective indicator medium (UNISC Agar) for isolation of classical enteropathogens, Aeromonas spp and Plesiomonas shigelloides. The xylose fermentation capacity is indicated by a yellow color (fermenting agents) or blue (no fermenting agent). This, together with the oxidase test, establishes it as an indicator for detecting Aeromonas and Plesiomonas shigelloides. Its productivity and selectivity, as assessed using the absolute count index and relative count index, indicate it as an alternative to the classical feces culturing media. This is because, in a single medium, it enables isolation of Escherichia coli, Shigella spp and Salmonella spp, in addition to Aeromonas and Plesiomonas shigelloides, thereby favoring the laboratory diagnosis of gastroenteritis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Aeromonas/isolamento & purificação , Meios de Cultura/química , Plesiomonas/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/microbiologiaRESUMO
Extraintestinal infections caused by the genera Aeromonas, Vibrio and Plesiomonas have high morbidity and mortality rates in different areas of world. From January 2002 to December 2003, the National Reference Laboratory for Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases of the Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute received 95 gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, oxidase positive bacilli strains from different extraintestinal specimen (blood, ear exudates, infected wounds, conjunctive exudates, urine, and catheters, among others) sent by different provincial laboratories along the country. Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas veronii bv sobria, Aeromonas jandaei, Vibrio cholerae no-O1, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio fluvialis and Plesiomonas shigelloides were the species most frequently found in the sample analysed.
Assuntos
Aeromonas/isolamento & purificação , Plesiomonas/isolamento & purificação , Vibrio cholerae/isolamento & purificação , Aeromonas/classificação , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Cuba , Humanos , Plesiomonas/classificação , Vibrio cholerae/classificaçãoRESUMO
Las infecciones extra-intestinales producidas por los géneros Aeromonas, Vibrio y Plesiomonas presentan una elevada tasa de morbimortalidad en diferentes áreas geográficas. De enero 2002 a diciembre 2003 se recibieron en el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Enfermedades Diarreicas Agudas del Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí, 95 cepas de bacilos gramnegativos, anaerobios facultativos, oxi-dasa positiva, procedentes de muestras extra-intestinales (hemocultivos, exudados óticos, pus de heridas, exudados conjuntivales, urocultivos, catéter, entre otras) remitidas de diferentes provincias del país. Se demostró la presencia de Aeromonas caviae, Aero-monas veronii bv sobria, Aeromonas jandaei, Vibrio cholerae no -O1, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio fluvialis y Plesiomonas shigelloides en las muestras estudiadas.
Extraintestinal infections caused by the genera Aeromonas, Vibrio and Plesiomonas have high morbidity and mortality rates in different areas of world. From January 2002 to December 2003, the National Reference Laboratory for Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases of the Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute received 95 gramnegative, facultative anaerobic, oxidase positive bacilli strains from different extraintestinal specimen (blood, ear exudates, infected wounds, conjunctive exudates, urine, and catheters, among others) sent by different provincial laboratories along the country. Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas veronii bv sobria, Aeromonas jandaei, Vibrio cholerae no-O1, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio fluvialis and Plesiomonas shigelloides were the species most frequently found in the sample analysed.
Assuntos
Humanos , Aeromonas/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Plesiomonas/isolamento & purificação , Vibrio cholerae/isolamento & purificação , Aeromonas/classificação , Cuba , Plesiomonas/classificação , Vibrio cholerae/classificaçãoRESUMO
Avaliou-se a presença de enteropatógenos bacterianos em 72 amostras obtidas a partir de peixes criados em sistema de reciclagem de nutrientes, em estação experimental, no município de Petrópolis, RJ. Paralelamente, foram obtidas amostras do lodo utilizado como adubo orgânico e da cama de aves localizada na área interna dos tanques criatórios. A metodologia empregada incluiu o pré-enriquecimento em Caldo Lactosado e Agua Peptonada Tamponada, seguido de enriquecimento em Agua Peptonada Alcalina (pH 8,4-8,6) e subseqüente semeadura em Agar GSP para o isolamento de Aeromonas spp. e Plesiomonas shigelloides. Para os demais microrganismos, alíquotas de 1ml foram inoculadas nos meios de enriquecimento Caldo Rappaport-Vassiliadis e Caldo Tetrationato de Kauffmann com posterior semeadura em Agar Entérico Hektoen e Agar Salmonella-Shigella. Com a finalidade de monitorar o índice de coliformes fecais, visando conhecer a qualidade da água para este sistema, paralelamente à coleta de peixes foram avaliadas amostras de água dos tanques criatórios e de macrófitas. No cômputo geral foram isoladas 116 cepas de enteropatógenos bacterianos, destacando-se Aeromonas spp (67,2 por cento) com 9 espécies (A. veronii biogrupo sobria, A. hydrophila, A. sobria, A. trota, A.eucrenophila, A. veronii biog. veronii, A. media, A. caviae e A jandaei) e Aeromonas spp., seguido de Edwardsiella tarda (16,4 por cento), Plesiomonas shigelloides (12,9 por cento) e Salmonella (3,4 por cento). A análise da qualidade da água empregada no sistema revelou, de um modo geral, índices mais elevados de coliformes fecais nos tanques dos peixes (>1800/100 ml).
The presence of bacterial enteropathogens from fishes of a nutrient recycle system from a Experimental Station in Petropolis, RJ, was evaluated in 72 samples from april 2000 to july 2001 Simultaneously was collected the mud used as organic manure and poultry beds localized next to the tanks. The isolation procedures included preenrichment in Peptone Water followed by enrichment with alcaline Peptone Water (pH 8.4-8.6), and streaked onto GSP Agar for the isolation of Aeromonas spp. and Plesiomonas shigelloides. For enteropathogenic bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family, 1ml samples were transferred for enrichment in Rappaport- Vassiladis broth and Kauffmann Tetrathionate Broth followed by streak onto Hektoen Enteric Agar and Salmonella-Shigella Agar. Simultaneously at each visit samples of water from fish and macrophyte tanks were collected for monitoring faecal coliforms (MPN) using A1 medium. Among the 116 isolates, Aeromonas spp. were the most frequent (67.2 percent) with 9 species (A. veronii, biogroup sobria, A. hidrophila, A. sobria, A. trota, A. eucrenophila, A. veronii biog. veronii, A. media, A. cavia and A. jandaei), followed by Edwardsiella tarda (16.4 percent), Plesiomonas shigelloides (12.9 percent) and Salmonella spp. (3.4 percent). The NMP of fecal coliforms showed higher values in the fish tanks (>1800/100ml).
Assuntos
Aeromonas/isolamento & purificação , Ecossistema , Pesqueiros/economia , Pesqueiros/políticas , Plesiomonas/isolamento & purificação , Purificação da Água/métodosRESUMO
Avaliou-se a presença de enteropatógenos bacterianos em 72 amostras obtidas a partir de peixes criados em sistema de reciclagem de nutrientes, em estação experimental, no município de Petrópolis, RJ. Paralelamente, foram obtidas amostras do lodo utilizado como adubo orgânico e da cama de aves localizada na área interna dos tanques criatórios. A metodologia empregada incluiu o pré-enriquecimento em Caldo Lactosado e Agua Peptonada Tamponada, seguido de enriquecimento em Agua Peptonada Alcalina (pH 8,4-8,6) e subseqüente semeadura em Agar GSP para o isolamento de Aeromonas spp. e Plesiomonas shigelloides. Para os demais microrganismos, alíquotas de 1ml foram inoculadas nos meios de enriquecimento Caldo Rappaport-Vassiliadis e Caldo Tetrationato de Kauffmann com posterior semeadura em Agar Entérico Hektoen e Agar Salmonella-Shigella. Com a finalidade de monitorar o índice de coliformes fecais, visando conhecer a qualidade da água para este sistema, paralelamente à coleta de peixes foram avaliadas amostras de água dos tanques criatórios e de macrófitas. No cômputo geral foram isoladas 116 cepas de enteropatógenos bacterianos, destacando-se Aeromonas spp (67,2 por cento) com 9 espécies (A. veronii biogrupo sobria, A. hydrophila, A. sobria, A. trota, A.eucrenophila, A. veronii biog. veronii, A. media, A. caviae e A jandaei) e Aeromonas spp., seguido de Edwardsiella tarda (16,4 por cento), Plesiomonas shigelloides (12,9 por cento) e Salmonella (3,4 por cento). A análise da qualidade da água empregada no sistema revelou, de um modo geral, índices mais elevados de coliformes fecais nos tanques dos peixes (>1800/100 ml).(AU)
The presence of bacterial enteropathogens from fishes of a nutrient recycle system from a Experimental Station in Petropolis, RJ, was evaluated in 72 samples from april 2000 to july 2001 Simultaneously was collected the mud used as organic manure and poultry beds localized next to the tanks. The isolation procedures included preenrichment in Peptone Water followed by enrichment with alcaline Peptone Water (pH 8.4-8.6), and streaked onto GSP Agar for the isolation of Aeromonas spp. and Plesiomonas shigelloides. For enteropathogenic bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family, 1ml samples were transferred for enrichment in Rappaport- Vassiladis broth and Kauffmann Tetrathionate Broth followed by streak onto Hektoen Enteric Agar and Salmonella-Shigella Agar. Simultaneously at each visit samples of water from fish and macrophyte tanks were collected for monitoring faecal coliforms (MPN) using A1 medium. Among the 116 isolates, Aeromonas spp. were the most frequent (67.2 percent) with 9 species (A. veronii, biogroup sobria, A. hidrophila, A. sobria, A. trota, A. eucrenophila, A. veronii biog. veronii, A. media, A. cavia and A. jandaei), followed by Edwardsiella tarda (16.4 percent), Plesiomonas shigelloides (12.9 percent) and Salmonella spp. (3.4 percent). The NMP of fecal coliforms showed higher values in the fish tanks (>1800/100ml).(AU)
Assuntos
Pesqueiros/economia , Pesqueiros/políticas , Purificação da Água/métodos , Aeromonas/isolamento & purificação , Plesiomonas/isolamento & purificação , EcossistemaRESUMO
Plesiomonas shigelloides é um bacilo Gram-negativo, pertencente à família Enterobacteriaceae, isolado de água doce e salgada, de peixes de água doce, mariscos e de inúmeros tipos de animais. Suspeita-se que a maioria das infecções humanas causadas por P. shigelloides, seja veiculada pela água, pois a bactéria está presente em águas não tratadas que são usadas para beber, águas recreacionais ou água para lavar alimentos que são consumidos sem cozimento ou aquecimento. A ingestão de P. shigelloides não causa sempre doença no animal hospedeiro, mas o microrganismo pode permanecer temporariamente como membro transitório não infeccioso da microbiota intestinal. A bactéria é isoladade fezes de pacientes com diarréia, mas algumas vezes também de fezes de indivíduos sem sintomas. A doença causada por P. shigelloides é a gastrenterite, que normalmente é auto-limitante, com febre, calafrio, dor abdominal, náusea, diarréia ou vômito. Em casos graves, as fezes diarréicas podem ser verde-amareladas, espumosas e com presença de sangue. A bactéria pode também causar infecções extra-intestinais. Ademais, pode produzir toxinas e ser invasora. As características utilizadas para considerar P. shigelloides como um enteropatógeno não são totalmente convincentes. Embora seja isolada de pacientes com diarréia e incriminada em vários surtos epidêmicos envolvendo água e alimentos contaminados, não foi possível identificar em muitas amostras de P. shigelloides, associadas com infecções gastrintestinais, um mecanismo de virulência definitivo.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas , Gastroenterite/virologia , Plesiomonas/isolamento & purificação , Plesiomonas/patogenicidade , Plesiomonas/virologia , EnteropatiasRESUMO
Plesiomona shigelloides, microorganismo gram negativo perteneciente a la familia Enterobacteriaceae se ha asociado en las últimas décadas a nivel internacional a casos de diarreas e infecciones extraintestinales. Se realizó el presente trabajo para determinar su frecuencia y relación con algunos aspectos epidemiológicos. Se estudiaron 44 cepas aisladas de pacientes con enfermedaddiarreica aguda, desde marzo de 2003 a marzo de 2004 en la ciudad de Camagüey procedentes de diferentes hospitales y del Centro Provincial de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología donde se realizó el estudio. Los datos se recogieron mediante encuestas y las variables estudiadas fueron edad, factores de riesgo, duración de las diarreas y otros. Las heces se procesaron según las técnicas del manual de investigaciones de laboratorio de infecciones entéricas agudas. El diagnóstico de P. shigelloides se efectuó por el método de Altwegg y las pruebas de sensibilidad antimicrobiana, según Kirby y Bauer. Los niños menores de cinco años fueron los más afectadas. El consumo de aguas notratadas constituyó el factor de riesgo más importante (72.9 por ciento). Prevalecieron las diarreas líquidasmenores de siete días de duración. Las cepas de P. shigelloides se asociaron más al Vibrio No 01 ymostraron 100 por ciento de sensibilidad al Cloramfenicol con gran resistencia a la Carbenicilina y Ampicillín
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Doença Aguda , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae , Plesiomonas , Fatores de Risco , Poluição da ÁguaRESUMO
A total of 73 strains of Plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from humans (24 strains) animals (21 strains) and aquatic environment (28 strains) were determined for their O:H serotype and susceptibility to 18 anti-microbial substances and to the vibriostatic agent O/129. Of all strains, 86.3% were typeable by the O and 94.5% by the H anti-sera used. The serotype distribution was heterogeneous within a country and between the countries. Of the 57 different serotypes identified, O11:H2 (2 strains), O22:H3 (4 strains), O35:HH11 (2 strains), O52:H3 (2 strains) and O90:H6 (2 strains) were found among isolates from humans and animals (mainly in cats) in Finland and Cuba, and O23:H1a1b (3 strains) among isolates from environmental sources in Slovak Republic and Italy. Most (93-100%) of all strains were susceptible to all anti-microbials tested but resistant (92-96%) to the broad-spectrum penicillins (ampicillin, mezlocillin). No correlation between anti-microbial resistance patterns and serotypes was found.