RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the periodontal treatment on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans JP2 clone, and the IgG serum levels against its outer membrane protein (Omp29) and A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes in aggressive periodontitis (AgP). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Seventeen patients with generalized (GAgP), 10 with localized (LAgP), and 10 healthy controls were included. AgP participants were submitted to periodontal treatment-scaling and root planing plus antibiotics (SRP+A). Periodontal parameters, for example, probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL), were evaluated at baseline and at 1-year. Serum IgG against Omp29 and serotypes a, b, and c were determined by ELISA. The levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 clone were determined in subgingival biofilm samples by qPCR. RESULTS: Periodontal treatment resulted in significant reductions of PD, CAL, and IgG levels against Omp29, serotypes b, and c. After therapy, IgG levels against A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes, as well as the levels of the JP2 clone in AgP, became similar to controls. The reduction in JP2 clone count was correlated with a reduction of PD and IgG response against Omp29. CONCLUSION: Scaling and root planing plus antibiotics decreased IgG levels response against Omp29 and A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes involved in the disease (b and c), while the serum response increased against tne commensal serotype (a), similar to what occurs in periodontally healthy individuals.
Assuntos
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/imunologia , Periodontite Agressiva/microbiologia , Periodontite Agressiva/terapia , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Periodontite Agressiva/sangue , Periodontite Agressiva/complicações , Amoxicilina/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Índice Periodontal , Estudos Prospectivos , Aplainamento Radicular , Sorogrupo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIM: The aim this study was to evaluate the influence of gastric bypass surgery (GBS) on periodontal disease and quantify the periodontopathogenic bacteria in patients undergoing this surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study was composed of 50 patients who underwent bariatric surgery and the data collection was performed in three periods pre-operative, 6 (6M) and 12 months (12 M) postoperative. The oral clinical examination to assess periodontal disease; gingival fluid sample collection for quantification of the periodontopathogenic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia using q-PCR; body mass index (BMI) and for collection of the individual's health-related data from medical files. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and glucose levels after surgery. The mean probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) increased significantly in the postoperative period of 6 months (p = 0.001). In the same period, the amount of P. gingivalis increased (p = 0.028) and the other bacteria decreased slightly (p > 0.050). In the presence of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola and P. intermedia, a poor periodontal condition was observed. CONCLUSION: The periodontal disease increased in severity and P. gingivalis increased after GBS. A systemic inflammation resolution due to bariatric surgery in obese subjects does not seem to affect the course of periodontal disease.
Assuntos
Derivação Gástrica/métodos , Índice Periodontal , Adulto , Glicemia/análise , Índice de Massa Corporal , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Estudos de Coortes , Cálculos Dentários/classificação , Feminino , Seguimentos , Líquido do Sulco Gengival/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/classificação , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/classificação , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Prevotella intermedia/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Prospectivos , Tannerella forsythia/isolamento & purificação , Treponema denticola/isolamento & purificação , Redução de PesoRESUMO
AIM: A randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of residual pockets of chronic periodontitis patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-four patients with at least four residual periodontal pockets undergoing maintenance care were included and randomly assigned to test group (PDT, n = 18) or control group (sham procedure, n = 16). The intervention was performed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. Clinical parameters such as pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BoP) and plaque index (PI) were measured before intervention and after 3, 6 and 12 months. Subgingival samples were obtained at baseline, and after 7 days, 3, 6 and 12 months to quantify Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia by real-time polimerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: All clinical variables showed significant improvement during the study, but there was no significant difference between test and control groups. The microbiological analyses showed no differences between groups at any time during the study. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this clinical trial and considering the laser and photosensitizer protocol used, PDT failed to demonstrate additional clinical and bacteriological benefits in residual pockets treatment.
Assuntos
Periodontite Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Bolsa Periodontal/tratamento farmacológico , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/efeitos dos fármacos , Carga Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacteroides/efeitos dos fármacos , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Índice de Placa Dentária , Feminino , Seguimentos , Gengiva/microbiologia , Humanos , Lasers Semicondutores/uso terapêutico , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/métodos , Masculino , Azul de Metileno/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor/métodos , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/tratamento farmacológico , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Resultado do Tratamento , Treponema denticola/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
AIM: The aim of the present study was to analyze the occurrence of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Tannerella forsythia (T. forsythia), Treponema denticola (T. denticola), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) in patients with diabetes. METHODS: Periodontal and diabetic parameters and subgingival biofilm samples were obtained from 60 patients with diabetes and 62 patients without diabetes. By using polymerase chain reaction, the prevalence of red complex microorganisms (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T. denticola) and A. actinomycetemcomitans were determined. Descriptive and non-parametric statistical analyses between groups were performed (Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Fisher's exact test). RESULTS: Patients with diabetes presented significantly higher periodontal attachment loss levels compared to patients without diabetes. Red complex microorganisms were detected in lower frequencies in patients with diabetes. The detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans was higher in patients with diabetes and periodontitis compared to systemically-healthy patients without periodontitis (P < 0.05). P. gingivalis was associated with periodontitis in non-diabetic patients (P < 0.05), whereas A. actinomycetemcomitans was associated with periodontitis in diabetic patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study indicate that there might be differences in the subgingival microbiota between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. In addition, P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were associated with periodontitis in patients without diabetes and patients with diabetes, respectively.
Assuntos
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Diabetes Mellitus/microbiologia , Periodontite/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Treponema denticola/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Idoso , Carga Bacteriana , Biofilmes , Estudos Transversais , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/microbiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Periodontite/complicaçõesRESUMO
AIM: To determine microbial profiles that discriminate periodontal health from different forms of periodontal diseases. METHODS: Subgingival biofilm was obtained from patients with periodontal health (27), gingivitis (11), chronic periodontitis (35) and aggressive periodontitis (24), and analysed for the presence of >250 species/phylotypes using HOMIM. Microbial differences among groups were examined by Mann-Whitney U-test. Regression analyses were performed to determine microbial risk indicators of disease. RESULTS: Putative and potential new periodontal pathogens were more prevalent in subjects with periodontal diseases than periodontal health. Detection of Porphyromonas endodontalis/Porphyromonas spp. (OR 9.5 [1.2-73.1]) and Tannerella forsythia (OR 38.2 [3.2-450.6]), and absence of Neisseria polysaccharea (OR 0.004 [0-0.15]) and Prevotella denticola (OR 0.014 [0-0.49], p < 0.05) were risk indicators of periodontal disease. Presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (OR 29.4 [3.4-176.5]), Cardiobacterium hominis (OR 14.9 [2.3-98.7]), Peptostreptococcaceae sp. (OR 35.9 [2.7-483.9]), P. alactolyticus (OR 31.3 [2.1-477.2]), and absence of Fretibacterium spp. (OR 0.024 [0.002-0.357]), Fusobacterium naviforme/Fusobacterium nucleatum ss vincentii (OR 0.015 [0.001-0.223]), Granulicatella adiacens/Granulicatella elegans (OR 0.013 [0.001-0.233], p < 0.05) were associated with aggressive periodontitis. CONCLUSION: There were specific microbial signatures of the subgingival biofilm that were able to distinguish between microbiomes of periodontal health and diseases. Such profiles may be used to establish risk of disease.
Assuntos
Periodontite Agressiva/microbiologia , Biofilmes , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Gengivite/microbiologia , Periodonto/microbiologia , Adulto , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Cardiobacterium/classificação , Carnobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Fusobacterium/classificação , Fusobacterium nucleatum/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Microbiota , Neisseria/classificação , Peptostreptococcus/classificação , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Porphyromonas/classificação , Porphyromonas/isolamento & purificação , Porphyromonas endodontalis/isolamento & purificação , Prevotella/classificação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIMS: To evaluate the association among serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) serotypes a, b and c, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf) and clinical parameters in Aggressive Periodontitis (AP) subjects. Associations between periodontal pathogens and clinical and immunological parameters were also evaluated. METHODS: Thirty-eight subjects diagnosed with generalized AP (GAP) and localized AP (LAP) were included. Ten healthy controls were also evaluated. Clinical parameters were assessed and percentages of subgingival levels of Aa, Pg and Tf (beyond bacterial load), were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum IgG antibody levels against Aa, Pg and Tf were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Percentages of Aa, Pg and Tf were significantly higher in AP than in controls. The response to Aa serotype c was higher in LAP subjects than in controls. There were no differences in microbial composition or antibodies responses between GAP and LAP, except for IgG response to Tf. Pg levels were correlated with probing depth (PD), BoP and CAL in GAP but not in LAP subjects. Tf levels correlated with PD and CAL in GAP subjects. In GAP, the infection levels of Aa and Pg correlated with the corresponding IgG levels to Aa serotype c and Pg. CONCLUSION: Given the evidences that IgG response in AP patients correlated with bacterial infection level in GAP, but not in LAP, and that LAP patients lack a response to Tf, despite harbouring this species, our data suggest a difference in host immune defence between these two forms of aggressive periodontitis.
Assuntos
Periodontite Agressiva/microbiologia , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Adulto , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/classificação , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/imunologia , Periodontite Agressiva/classificação , Periodontite Agressiva/imunologia , Perda do Osso Alveolar/diagnóstico por imagem , Perda do Osso Alveolar/microbiologia , Carga Bacteriana , Bacteroides/classificação , Bacteroides/imunologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/imunologia , Humanos , Masculino , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/imunologia , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/imunologia , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/classificação , Porphyromonas gingivalis/imunologia , Radiografia , Sorogrupo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIM: To evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of the use of metronidazole (MTZ) + amoxicillin (AMX) as adjuncts to scaling and root planing (SRP) for the treatment of chronic periodontitis (ChP) in type 2 diabetic subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-eight type 2 diabetic subjects (n = 29/group) with generalized ChP were randomly assigned to receive SRP alone or with MTZ [400 mg/thrice a day (TID)]+AMX (500 mg/TID) for 14 days. Subgingival biofilm samples were analyzed by qPCR for the presence of seven periodontal pathogens. Subjects were monitored at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months post-therapies. RESULTS: The group receiving SRP+MTZ+AMX presented greater mean probing depth (PD) reduction and clinical attachment gain, a lower number of sites with PD ≥5 mm (primary outcome variable) and a reduced number of subjects with ≥9 of these residual pockets than the control group at 1-year post-therapy (p < 0.05). The antibiotic-treated group also presented reduced levels and greater decreases of the three red complex species, Eubacterium nodatum and Prevotella intermedia, compared to the control group at 1 year (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The adjunctive use of MTZ+AMX significantly improved the clinical and microbiological outcomes of SRP in the treatment of type 2 diabetic subjects with ChP.
Assuntos
Amoxicilina/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Anti-Infecciosos/administração & dosagem , Periodontite Crônica/terapia , Raspagem Dentária/métodos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Metronidazol/administração & dosagem , Aplainamento Radicular/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Periodontite Crônica/complicações , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Terapia Combinada , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Combinação de Medicamentos , Eubacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Eubacterium/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/terapia , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/terapia , Placebos , Prevotella intermedia/efeitos dos fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present investigation is to compare the presence and number of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival microbiota of smokers versus never-smokers with chronic periodontitis and matched probing depths (PDs) using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). METHODS: Forty current smokers and 40 never-smokers, matched for age, sex, and mean PD of sampling site, were included in this investigation. A full-mouth periodontal examination was performed, and a pooled subgingival plaque sample was collected from the deepest site in each quadrant of each participant. To confirm smoking status, expired carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations were measured with a CO monitor. The presence and quantification of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola were determined using RT-PCR. RESULTS: Smokers had greater overall mean PD (P = 0.001) and attachment loss (P = 0.006) and fewer bleeding on probing sites (P = 0.001). An association was observed between smoking status and the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans (P <0.001). The counts of A. actinomycetemcomitans (P <0.001), P. gingivalis (P = 0.042), and T. forsythia (P <0.001) were significantly higher in smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Smokers showed significantly greater amounts of P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and T. forsythia than never-smokers. There was a significant association between smoking and the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Assuntos
Bactérias/classificação , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Fumar , Adulto , Idoso , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Carga Bacteriana , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Monóxido de Carbono/análise , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Feminino , Gengiva/microbiologia , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Treponema denticola/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the clinical and microbiologic effects of the adjunctive use of metronidazole (MTZ) and amoxicillin (AMX) in the treatment of smokers and non-smokers with generalized chronic periodontitis (CP). METHODS: Thirty-two smokers and 32 non-smokers were selected and received scaling and root planing (SRP) combined with MTZ (400 mg three times daily) and AMX (500 mg three times daily) for 14 days. Clinical and microbiologic examinations were performed at baseline and 3 months after SRP. Nine subgingival plaque samples per patient were analyzed using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. RESULTS: Both groups presented a significant improvement in all clinical parameters at 3 months after therapy (P <0.05). Non-smokers showed lower mean number of sites with probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm after therapy. Fewer non-smokers exhibited at least nine of these sites at 3 months after treatment. Non-smokers also presented the greatest reductions in mean PD and gain in clinical attachment between baseline and 3 months after therapy at initially deep (PD ≥7 mm) sites (P <0.01). The most beneficial changes in the microbial profile were also observed in the non-smoker group, which showed the lowest proportions of the orange complex at 3 months, as well as a significant increase in the proportions of Actinomyces species after treatment. CONCLUSION: Smokers with CP benefit less than non-smokers from treatment by the combination of SRP, MTZ, and AMX.
Assuntos
Amoxicilina/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Periodontite Crônica/terapia , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Fumar , Actinomyces/classificação , Actinomyces/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Terapia Combinada , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Índice de Placa Dentária , Raspagem Dentária/métodos , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/classificação , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/classificação , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Higiene Bucal/educação , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/terapia , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/terapia , Aplainamento Radicular/métodosRESUMO
Chronic periodontitis is a multifactorial infectious disease associated with Gram-negative strict anaerobes which are immersed in the subgingival biofilm. Porphyromonas gingivalis, an important periodontal pathogen, is frequently detected in patients with chronic periodontitis. Although isolates of P. gingivalis tend to be susceptible to most antimicrobial agents, relatively little information is available on its in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of P. gingivalis in patients with chronic periodontitis and to assess antimicrobial susceptibility in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of clinical isolates to metronidazole and tetracycline. A descriptive, observational study was performed including 87 patients with chronic periodontitis. Samples were taken from the periodontal pocket using paper points, which were placed in thioglycollate broth. Samples were incubated for 4 hours at 37°C in anaerobic conditions and finally replated on Wilkins-Chalgren anaerobic agar (Oxoid). Bacteria were identified using the RapIDTMANAII system (Remel) and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined with the M.I.C. Evaluator test (MICE, Oxoid). P. gingivalis was identified in 30 of the 87 patients with chronic periodontitis, which represents a frequency of 34.5%. All 30 isolates (100%) were sensitive to metronidazole, with MIC values ranging from 0015-4ug/ml. Regarding tetracycline, 27 isolates (90%) were sensitive, with MIC values ranging from <0.015 to 4 ug /ml, the remaining three isolates (10%) were resistant to tetracycline with MIC values of 8ug/ ml. There was no statistically significant difference in age, gender, pocket depth, clinical attachment level and severity of periodontitis between the group of patients with chronic periodontitis and P. gingivalis and the group of patients with chronic periodontitis without P. gingivalis. In conclusion, P. gingivalis was found at a frequency of 34.5% in patients with chronic periodontitis and clinical isolates were highly sensitive to metronidazole and tetracycline.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Metronidazol/farmacologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Tetraciclina/farmacologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Carga Bacteriana , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to characterize and evaluate the host response caused by three different models of experimental periodontitis in mice. METHODS: C57BL/6 wild-type female mice were distributed into six experimental groups and sacrificed at 7, 15, and 30 days after the induction of periodontal disease: 1) group C: no treatment control group; 2) group L: periodontal disease induced by ligature; 3) group G-Pg: oral gavage with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg); 4) group G-PgFn: oral gavage with Fusobacterium nucleatum + Pg; 5) group I-Pg: heat-killed Pg injected into the palatal mucosa between the molars; and 6) group I-V: phosphate-buffered saline injected into the palatal mucosa. The samples were used to analyze the immune-inflammatory process in the gingival tissue via descriptive histologic and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. The alveolar bone loss was evaluated using microcomputed tomography. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by a post hoc Dunn test and analysis of variance, followed by a Tukey test using a 5% significance level. RESULTS: Only the ligature model displayed significant alveolar bone loss in the initial period (7 days), which was maintained with time. The group injected with heat-killed Pg displayed significant alveolar bone loss starting from day 15, which continued to progress with time (P <0.05). A significant increase (P <0.05) in the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and -1ß) and proteins involved in osteoclastogenesis (receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and osteoprotegerin) was observed in the ligature group on day 7. CONCLUSION: The ligature and injection of heat-killed Pg models were the most representative of periodontal disease in humans, whereas the oral gavage models were not effective at inducing the disease under the experimental conditions.
Assuntos
Periodontite/imunologia , Administração Oral , Perda do Osso Alveolar/imunologia , Perda do Osso Alveolar/microbiologia , Animais , Coinfecção/imunologia , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Fusobacterium nucleatum/fisiologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Mediadores da Inflamação/imunologia , Injeções , Interleucina-1beta/análise , Interleucina-6/análise , Leucócitos/imunologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Mucosa Bucal/microbiologia , Osteoclastos/imunologia , Osteoprotegerina/análise , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/imunologia , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Periodontite/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/fisiologia , Ligante RANK/análise , Distribuição Aleatória , Fatores de Tempo , Microtomografia por Raio-X/métodosRESUMO
UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to characterize the main periodontal bacterial species in Down syndrome (DS) patients with and without periodontitis. METHOD: This cross-sectional study involved 75 DS patients, 45 with and 30 without periodontitis. Informed consent, health and dental questionnaires and periodontitis diagnosis were performed PCR and LAMP assays were performed on subgingival dental plaque sample. RESULTS: Tannerella forsythia was the most frequent bacteria detected in the group with and without periodontitis (95.5 and 63.3%) followed by Treponema denticola (88.8 and 50%) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (53.3 and 25% respectively). There were statistical differences between groups (p < 0.05). Pg fimA type I was the most frequent Porphyromonas gingivalis genotype. Two different sets of primers (Aa-F/Aa-R and ltx3/ltx4) were used to detect Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and different frequencies were obtained, (68% and 14.6% respectively), they had a weak correlation (Cohen Kappa = 0.16). After sequencing of PCR products, ltx3/ltx4 showed more specificity. JP2 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in any sample. CONCLUSIONS: The composition of oral biofilm is fundamental for the development of periodontal disease independently of immunological alterations associated with DS. The frequency of detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans reported in the literature has a wide range, because the primers and probes applied
Assuntos
Biofilmes/classificação , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Síndrome de Down/microbiologia , Periodontite/microbiologia , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/classificação , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/genética , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Transversais , Primers do DNA , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Exotoxinas/genética , Feminino , Proteínas de Fímbrias/análise , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Consórcios Microbianos , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/classificação , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/classificação , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Periodontite/classificação , Periodonto/microbiologia , Pili Sexual/genética , Porphyromonas gingivalis/genética , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Perda de Dente/classificação , Treponema denticola/isolamento & purificação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIM: To investigate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as adjunct to mechanical therapy in furcations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A double-blind, parallel, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in subjects presenting class II furcations. The subjects were randomly allocated to a test (PDT; n = 16) or control group (non-activated laser/only photosensitizer; n = 21). At baseline, 3 and 6 months, clinical, microbiological and cytokine pattern evaluation was performed. Clinical attachment level was defined as the primary outcome variable. RESULTS: Clinical parameters improved after both therapies (p < 0.05) with no differences between groups at any time point (p > 0.05). At 6 months, real-time PCR evaluation showed a decrease in Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia only in the PDT group (p < 0.05) with no inter-group differences. Regarding cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10 levels increased in both groups at 6 months. GM-CSF, IL-8, IL-1ß and IL-6 levels decreased only in the PDT group after 3 months (p < 0.05). At 3 months, inter-group analyses showed that GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-8 levels were lower in the PDT group. At 6 months, lower IL-1ß levels were also observed in the PDT group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Photodynamic therapy did not promote clinical benefits for class II furcations; however, advantages in local levels of cytokines and a reduction in periodontopathogens were demonstrated.
Assuntos
Defeitos da Furca/tratamento farmacológico , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/efeitos dos fármacos , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Carga Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacteroides/efeitos dos fármacos , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Periodontite Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Terapia Combinada , Raspagem Dentária/métodos , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Seguimentos , Defeitos da Furca/classificação , Defeitos da Furca/microbiologia , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/análise , Humanos , Interferon gama/análise , Interleucina-10/análise , Interleucina-1beta/análise , Interleucina-4/análise , Interleucina-6/análise , Interleucina-8/análise , Lasers Semicondutores/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/tratamento farmacológico , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Prospectivos , Aplainamento Radicular/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
AIM(S): To explore the associations between the presence of periodontal pathogens and the expression of toll-like receptors (TLR-2 and TLR-4) in the placental tissue of patients with hypertensive disorders compared to the placentas of healthy normotensive patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case-control study was performed. From a cohort composed of 126 pregnant women, 33 normotensive healthy pregnant women were randomly selected, and 25 cases of patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia, were selected. Placental biopsy was obtained after aseptic placental collection at the time of delivery. All of the samples were processed and analysed for the detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Determination of the expressions of TLR-2 and TLR-4 was performed in samples of total purified protein isolated from placental tissues and analysed by ELISA. The data were assessed using descriptive statistics. The associations among variables were estimated through multiple logistic regression models and the Mann-Whitney test to evaluate the differences between the two groups. RESULTS: A significant increase was observed in the expression of TLR-2 in the placentas of patients with hypertensive disorders (p = 0.04). Additionally, the multiple logistic regression models demonstrated an association between the presence of T. denticola and P. gingivalis in placental tissues and hypertensive disorders (OR: 9.39, p = 0.001, CI 95% 2.39-36.88 and OR: 7.59, p = 0.019, CI 95% 1.39-41.51, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, pregnant women with periodontal disease presented an association in the placental tissue between the presence of T. denticola and P. gingivalis and hypertensive disorders. Additionally, increased expression of TLR-2 was observed. However, further studies are required to determine the specific roles of periodontal pathogens and TLRs in the placental tissue of patients with pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders.
Assuntos
Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/microbiologia , Placenta/imunologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/análise , Treponema denticola/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/imunologia , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Bacteroides/imunologia , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Fusobacterium nucleatum/imunologia , Fusobacterium nucleatum/isolamento & purificação , Gengivite/imunologia , Gengivite/microbiologia , Humanos , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/imunologia , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/imunologia , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/imunologia , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Periodontite/imunologia , Periodontite/microbiologia , Placenta/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/imunologia , Pré-Eclâmpsia/imunologia , Pré-Eclâmpsia/microbiologia , Gravidez , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/análise , Treponema denticola/imunologiaRESUMO
AIM: To describe the bacterial associations in the periodontal pockets of pregnant women and to correlate the presence of Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia (T. forsythia), Treponema denticola (T. denticola), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromona gingivalis (P. gingivalis) with periodontal parameters of severity. METHODS: The analysis was performed with 150 pregnant women. The examination consisted of an evaluation of bleeding, suppuration, probing depths, clinical attachment levels, hypermobility scores, the Silness and Löe Plaque Index, and the Löe and the Silness Gingival Index. Each periodontal pathogen was identified by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: A statistically-significant association was observed (P < 0.01) between P. gingivalis and T. forsythia, between P. gingivalis and T. denticola, and between T. forsythia and T. denticola. Age was observed to be a risk factor in the development of moderate periodontitis (odds ratio [OR] = 4.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-21.3, P = 0.0328). Age was significantly associated with increased pocket depth and plaque index (OR = 6.36, 95% CI = 1.8-22.2, P = 0.0037). In pregnant women, the presence of P. gingivalis was found to increase the risk of developing a clinical attachment level ≥ 5 mm. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of P. gingivalis in pregnant women, especially in combination with T. forsythia and T. denticola, was associated with an increased risk of developing moderate periodontitis, and that association was more marked in pregnant women aged 30 years or older.
Assuntos
Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Periodontite/microbiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/microbiologia , Infecções por Actinobacillus/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bacteroidaceae/microbiologia , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Transversais , Índice de Placa Dentária , Feminino , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Gengivite/microbiologia , Humanos , Idade Materna , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Gravidez , Prevotella intermedia/isolamento & purificação , Mobilidade Dentária/microbiologia , Treponema denticola/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Treponema/diagnóstico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study tested the hypotheses that there is: (1) higher bacterial frequency in peri-implantitis/periodontitis, followed by mucositis/gingivitis and peri-implant/periodontal health; (2) similar bacterial frequency between comparable peri-implant and periodontal clinical statuses. DESIGN OF STUDY: The presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Campylobacter rectus, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was evaluated in peri-implant (n=53) and periodontal (n=53) health; mucositis (n=50), gingivitis (n=50), peri-implantitis (n=50) and periodontitis (n=50). RESULTS: The pattern of peri-implant bacterial frequency was not as expected (peri-implantitis>mucositis>health). Except for P. intermedia (p>0.05), bacterial frequency was higher in peri-implantitis than health (p<0.05). The frequency of P.gingivalis and red complex species were higher in peri-implantitis than mucositis (p<0.05). In periodontal samples, T. forsythia and T. denticola showed the expected pattern of frequency (periodontitis>gingivitis>health). The frequencies of C. rectus and T. forsythia were higher in healthy teeth/gingivitis than healthy implants/mucositis, respectively (p<0.05). The frequency of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were similar between periodontitis and peri-implantitis (p>0.05) while all other species occurrences were higher in periodontitis than peri-implantitis (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial frequency increased from peri-implant/periodontal health to peri-implantitis/periodontitis but not from mucositis/gingivitis to peri-implantitis/periodontitis. There was a trend towards higher bacterial frequency in teeth than implants.
Assuntos
Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Implantes Dentários/microbiologia , Gengivite/microbiologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Peri-Implantite/microbiologia , Periodonto/microbiologia , Estomatite/microbiologia , Infecções por Actinobacillus/microbiologia , Adulto , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Perda do Osso Alveolar/microbiologia , Carga Bacteriana , Infecções por Bacteroidaceae/microbiologia , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bacteroides/microbiologia , Infecções por Campylobacter/microbiologia , Campylobacter rectus/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hemorragia Gengival/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Prevotella intermedia/isolamento & purificação , Treponema denticola/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Treponema/microbiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This 12-month randomized, controlled trial evaluated the clinical effects and microbiological changes of minimally invasive nonsurgical and surgical approaches for the therapy of intrabony defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine subjects with intrabony defects in single-rooted tooth were randomly assigned to; (1) minimally invasive nonsurgical technique (MINST) or (2) minimally invasive surgical technique (MIST). Quantities of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, determined by using real-time PCR, were evaluated at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months after the treatments. Clinical recordings--probing depth (PD), position of the gingival margin (PGM), and relative clinical attachment level (RCAL)--were obtained at baseline and 12 months post-therapy. The primary outcome variable of the study was RCAL. RESULTS: Both treatment modalities resulted in an improvement in all clinical recordings, with significant PD reductions (p < 0.05), RCAL gains (p < 0.05), and no change in the PGM (p > 0.05) after 12 months in both MINST and MIST groups. No clinical differences were observed between groups (p > 0.05). Regarding the microbiological outcomes, at the re-examinations, a significant decrease was observed for T. forsythia and P. gingivalis when compared with baseline (p < 0.05) for both treatments. The amount of A. actinomycetemcomitans did not reduced decrease throughout the study (p > 0.05). Intergroup differences in the microbiological assay were not found at any time point (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both MINST and MIST provided comparable clinical results and microbiological changes in the treatment of intrabony defects over 12 months follow-up. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This randomized, controlled, parallel trial revealed that both therapeutic modalities may promote clinical and microbiological benefits at 12 months post-therapy.
Assuntos
Perda do Osso Alveolar/terapia , Periodontite Crônica/terapia , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Perda do Osso Alveolar/microbiologia , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Biofilmes , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/terapia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There is a bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Inflammatory mediators may negatively affect glycemic control, and increased glucose levels and resultant glycation end-products may alter the host response against bacterial infection. However, no agreement has been reached regarding the effect of DM on periodontal subgingival microbiota. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to compare the subgingival biodiversity in deep periodontal pockets of subjects with chronic periodontitis and either uncontrolled type-2 diabetes or no diabetes using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve subjects with uncontrolled type-2 diabetes (glycated hemoglobin > 8%) and eleven nondiabetic subjects presenting severe and generalized chronic periodontitis were selected. Subgingival biofilm from periodontal pockets > 5 mm were assessed using the 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing technique. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in subgingival microbiota between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Diabetic subjects presented higher percentages of total clones of TM7, Aggregatibacter, Neisseria, Gemella, Eikenella, Selenomonas, Actinomyces, Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium, Veillonella and Streptococcus genera, and lower percentages of Porphyromonas, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Synergistetes, Tannerella and Treponema genera than nondiabetic individuals (p < 0.05). Moreover, some phylotypes, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Veillonella parvula, V. dispar and Eikenella corrodens were detected significantly more often in diabetic subjects than in nondiabetic subjects (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Subjects with uncontrolled type-2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis presented significant dissimilarities in subgingival biodiversity compared with nondiabetic subjects.
Assuntos
Bactérias/classificação , Biodiversidade , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/microbiologia , Gengiva/microbiologia , Actinobacillus/isolamento & purificação , Actinomyces/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Biofilmes/classificação , Capnocytophaga/isolamento & purificação , Periodontite Crônica/classificação , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Eikenella/isolamento & purificação , Eubacterium/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Fusobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Gemella/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias Anaeróbias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Neisseria/isolamento & purificação , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Porphyromonas/isolamento & purificação , RNA Bacteriano/análise , RNA Ribossômico 16S/análise , Selenomonas/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus/isolamento & purificação , Treponema/isolamento & purificação , Veillonella/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Expression patterns of human ß-defensin-2 (HBD-2) mRNA or HBD-2 protein concentration and periodontal diseases have been a focus of scientific research. This study compares the salivary levels of HBD-2 protein concentration of healthy patients and patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis (CP) and correlates these levels with the presence of periodontopathogens. METHODS: A total of 89 patients were enrolled in this study: 31 periodontally healthy, 27 with gingivitis, and 31 with CP. Plaque and gingival indices, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were measured. The presence of Campylobacter rectus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia was evaluated qualitatively by conventional polymerase chain reaction. HBD-2 quantification in saliva was performed using an immune enzymatic assay. Frequency of periodontopathogens and HBD-2 protein concentration was assessed. Association between HBD-2 protein concentration (≥100 pg/mL) and the simultaneous presence of one to two, three to four, or five to six periodontopathogens was tested. RESULTS: Although periodontally healthy individuals and patients with gingivitis showed similar HBD-2 levels, the CP group displayed an increased level of HBD-2. P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythia, and T. denticola were more prevalent in CP; however, their mere presence was not related to the increased levels of HBD-2 (Pearson correlation and multinomial logistic regression model). CONCLUSIONS: Salivary HBD-2 protein concentration was higher in patients with CP compared with healthy individuals or patients with gingivitis. These different protein concentrations were not related to the frequency of periodontopathogens. Clinical inflammatory profile had a higher impact on salivary HBD-2 levels than bacteria.
Assuntos
Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Gengivite/microbiologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Índice Periodontal , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares/análise , beta-Defensinas/análise , Adulto , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Carga Bacteriana , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Campylobacter rectus/isolamento & purificação , Índice de Placa Dentária , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/classificação , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/classificação , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Prevotella intermedia/isolamento & purificação , Saliva/química , Saliva/microbiologia , Treponema denticola/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Salivary enzymes may be used to diagnose periodontal conditions. Salivary arginase activity (SAA) is related to susceptibility to bacterial infection. Therefore, the aim of this controlled interventional study was to determine the SAA before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Eighty-nine subjects were selected: 31 periodontally healthy patients (controls), 27 gingivitis patients, and 31 chronic periodontitis patients. Plaque and Gingival Indices, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were monitored. The presence of Campylobacter rectus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction. Salivary total protein level and SAA were also established by spectrophotometry. Clinical and arginase data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon, Mann-Withney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests (P < .05). For microbial data, the chi-square test was used. The Pearson correlation test was also used between each parameter evaluated. RESULTS: After therapy, due to a significant reduction in SAA, the values observed for the gingivitis and periodontitis groups were similar to those found in the healthy group. Interestingly, after therapy, SAA followed the same positive pattern showed by the overall improvement of clinical parameters (gingivitis and periodontitis groups mean values, pre- > posttherapy) and by the reduction of target pathogens (gingivitis group T forsythia, pre- > posttherapy; periodontitis group P. gingivalis, T. denticola, P. intermedia, and T. forsythia, pre- > posttherapy). CONCLUSION: Based on the reduction of SAA after therapy, in accordance with the expected reduction in clinical and microbiologic parameters, it was concluded that SAA has the potential to serve as a reliable method to access to the therapeutic response of chronic periodontitis subjects treated with nonsurgical periodontal therapy.