RESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: La hipoacusia laboral inducida por ruido es una patología ocupacional frecuente, responsable de pérdidas de la audición sino se controla a tiempo. El objetivo del estudio fue establecer la prevalencia de hipoacusia laboral inducida por ruido y factores relacionados en el personal de aeronáutica del ejército. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal analítico en el personal tripulación del ejército ecuatoriano, Quito Ecuador, período 2014 2016 que relacionó asociación causal entre hipoacusia laboral inducida por ruido con variables como edad, función, rango, antecedentes de hipoacusia en el servicio militar. Se trabajó con todo el personal de vuelo, 112 militares en servicio activo. RESULTADOS: El promedio de edad fue de 37 años. Todos eran varones. El 55.4 % pertenecía a tropa y 44. 6 % eran oficiales. El 44.6 % eran pilotos; 28.6 % mecánicos y 26.8 % ingenieros de vuelo. La prevalencia de hipoacusia general fue del 35.6 %; la de hipoacusia unilateral fue del 19.6 % y de la bilateral del 16 %. La frecuencia de antecedentes de hipoacusia laboral asociada a ruido en la aeronáutica fue del 60.7 %. La prevalencia de hipoacusia leve fue del 17.8 %; moderada con 6.7 % y severa con 1.35 %. Las variables asociadas a hipoacusia laboral inducida por ruido en el personal militar en funciones de vuelo fueron: la edad, el rango, la función y antecedentes de hipoacusia. El oído izquierdo suele afectarse más que el derecho. La hipoacusia bilateral más frecuente fue la leve derecha con agudeza normal izquierda (10.7 %). CONCLUSIONES: La hipoacusia laboral inducida por ruido es multifactorial y puede ser reversible si se detiene el causal o si se llevan a cabo medidas de protección adecuadas. El nivel de hipoacusia en el personal militar de vuelo tiene asociación con: la edad, el rango, la función y los antecedentes de hipoacusia laboral en funciones de vuelo.
BACKGROUND: Hearing loss is induced by noise in job and is a frequent illness, responsible of hearing loss if it is not controlled on time. The aim of this study is establish the prevalence of hearing loss and related factors in army aviation personnel. METHODS: An analytical cross - sectional study of the Ecuadorian army crew, Quito - Ecuador, between 2014 and 2016, which related a causal association between hearing loss induced by noise in job with variables such as age, function, rank and backgrounds of hearing loss in military service. It worked with all the personnel of flight 112 military in active service. RESULTS: The mean age was 37 years. All were male. 55.4% belonged to troops and 44. 6 % were officers. 44.6 % were pilots; 28.6 % were mechanics and 26.8 % were flight engineers. The prevalence of general hearing loss was 35.6 %. The prevalence of unilateral hearing loss was 19.6 % and bilateral prevalence was 16 %. The frequency of antecedents of occupational hearing loss associated with aviation noise in this staff was of 60.7 %. The prevalence of mild hearing loss was 17.85 %; moderate hearing loss 6.7 % and severe of 1.35 %, no profound hearing loss was reported. The variables associated with decreased auditory acuity are: age, aviation exercise time, range, function, and history of hearing loss within the aeronautical field. Bilateral damage has a statistical tendency with age and association with the range. No deep hearing loss was found. CONCLUSION: Noise-induced occupational hearing loss is multifactorial and may be reversible if the cause is stopped or appropriate protective measures are taken. The level of hearing loss in military flight personnel has an association with: age, range, function, and history of occupational hearing loss in flight functions.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/diagnóstico , Ruído Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Ruído dos Transportes/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde Ocupacional , Perda Auditiva Condutiva/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Foram estudadas 200 crianças e adolescentes portadores de deficiência auditiva. Esses indivíduos foram submetidos ao exame otorrinolaringológico, e seus (as) acompanhantes, na maior parte das vezes a mäe ou os pais, foram submetidos a um questionário-padräo. Os resultados obtidos permitiram caracterizar essa populaçäo quanto aos dados demográficos, escolaridade, condiçöes da suspeita de deficiência auditiva, fatores de risco para a deficiência auditiva e a etiologia suspeitada...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Perda Auditiva Condutiva/diagnóstico , Pessoas com Deficiência Auditiva , Perda Auditiva Condutiva/etiologia , Perda Auditiva Condutiva/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Hearing loss and its functional consequences were evaluated retrospectively in children with congenital hypothyroidism. From a cohort of 101 children followed longitudinally to evaluate newborn screening, 75 with previous hearing tests were studied. Fifteen (20%) were found to have hearing problems. Of these, nine had unilateral or sensorineural loss mostly at high frequencies, five had a conductive loss, and one had both problems. Hearing impaired children differed from children with normal hearing in age of treatment onset (22 vs 14 days) but not disease severity or duration. A comparison of language and auditory processing skills at ages 3, 5, and 7 years revealed that early speech was delayed in hearing impaired children, whereas deficits persisted in later receptive language and auditory discrimination skills. Comparing hearing impaired children and children with normal hearing with matched control subjects at grade 3 showed that hearing impaired children were poorer readers because of less adequate phonologic processing skills.
Assuntos
Hipotireoidismo Congênito , Transtornos da Audição/congênito , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Seguimentos , Transtornos da Audição/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Audição/prevenção & controle , Perda Auditiva Condutiva/congênito , Perda Auditiva Condutiva/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva Condutiva/prevenção & controle , Perda Auditiva de Alta Frequência/congênito , Perda Auditiva de Alta Frequência/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva de Alta Frequência/prevenção & controle , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/congênito , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Hipotireoidismo/complicações , Hipotireoidismo/prevenção & controle , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/etiologia , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem/prevenção & controle , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Triagem Neonatal , Ontário/epidemiologia , Leitura , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
One of the most common complications of cleft palate patients is the high frequency of otitis media episodes that they present, due to eustachian tube dysfunction. This is not only a problem for the otolaryngologist who must handle these patients, but just as well for the phoniatrician, who must evaluate and rehabilitate the speech and language disorders which can be enhanced by conductive hearing loss. Thus, we designed an isometric exercise to achieve an artificial drainage of the secretions produced in the middle ear, by means of opening the lumen of the eustachian tube, which, when done frequently enough, proved to be an excellent way to prevent secretions from remaining long enough in the middle ear cavity so as to have a secondary infection, that would lead to otitis media and subsequent conductive hearing loss. Isometric exercise also develops the muscles of each hemi-uvula.