RESUMO
1. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of natural sodium bentonite (NaB) in the prevention of toxic effects of aflatoxins. Five hundred and twenty-eight 1-d-old Ross male broiler chickens were housed in pens (22 chickens per pen) for 42 d. There were 3 inclusion rates of NaB (0, 2.5, and 5 g/kg) and 2 of aflatoxins (0 and 3 mg/kg food). Each treatment had 4 replicates of 22 chickens. 2. All chickens treated with aflatoxin and without bentonite were adversely affected. NaB treatment at 5.0 g/kg improved body weights at 42 d of age by 31.3%, increased food intake by 23.8% and improved productive efficiency by 40.1%. Weights of liver, heart, pancreas and crop and biochemical variables were not affected by dietary NaB. However, serum phosphorous concentration was reduced by 30% compared with chickens that received aflatoxin. 3. NaB caused no adverse effects on chickens that did not receive aflatoxin. 4. It is concluded that NaB at pH 7.9 partially neutralises the effects of aflatoxins on broiler chickens when included at 5.0 g/kg in the diet.
Assuntos
Aflatoxinas/intoxicação , Bentonita/farmacologia , Micotoxicose/veterinária , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/prevenção & controle , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Ração Animal , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Galinhas , Papo das Aves/efeitos dos fármacos , Eletrólitos/sangue , Ingestão de Energia/efeitos dos fármacos , Moela das Aves/efeitos dos fármacos , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/sangue , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Micotoxicose/prevenção & controle , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , gama-Glutamiltransferase/sangueRESUMO
Pituitary glands of rats, injected with estrogen to increase the prolactin (PRL) storage in secretory granules, were submitted to various extraction procedures for prolactin. Homogenization and centrifugation of pituitary tissue, in Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.3, yielded a small amount of radioimmunoassayable prolactin, which increased remarkably after extraction in alkaline pH, disruption of granular membranes with Lubrol and specially after treatment with 2.5 mol/l urea. Nb2 lymphoma cell and pigeon crop sac bioassay (BA) revealed higher levels of bioactivity after extraction in Tris buffer, pH 7.3, in comparison to RIA, with BA/RIA ratios of 1.4 and 2.3, respectively. Bioassays of pituitary PRL extracted with Lubrol and alkaline medium, were less effective in quantifying PRL than RIA. Treatment of pituitary homogenates with urea produced the highest levels of PRL by both BA and RIA, with BA/RIA ratios close to 1. The thorough depolymerization of big PRL effected by urea produced the release of monomeric subunits which allows a complete quantification of the total content in the pituitary gland.
Assuntos
Hipófise/metabolismo , Prolactina/fisiologia , Animais , Bioensaio , Columbidae , Papo das Aves/efeitos dos fármacos , Estrogênios/farmacologia , Feminino , Técnicas In Vitro , Linfoma/metabolismo , Hipófise/química , Prolactina/imunologia , Prolactina/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
A pigeon crop-sac bioassay for prolactin was developed applying a morphometric approach for quantification of the epithelial cell proliferation induced by the hormone. A small male dove, indigenous from South America (Zenaida auriculata) previously castrated was used as experimental animal. The total dose of prolactin was divided into 4 daily injections administered systemically into the pectoral muscles. The number of the proliferated cell layers used as the bioassay end point was analyzed statistically. This procedure yields a highly sensitive bioassay with an excellent precision index, particularly well suited for quantification of the different molecular forms of pituitary PRL.
Assuntos
Bioensaio/métodos , Columbidae , Papo das Aves/efeitos dos fármacos , Prolactina/análise , Animais , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Papo das Aves/ultraestrutura , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Epitélio/efeitos dos fármacos , Epitélio/ultraestrutura , Injeções Intramusculares , Masculino , Prolactina/administração & dosagem , Prolactina/farmacologia , Estimulação QuímicaRESUMO
A pigeon crop-sac bioassay for prolactin was developed applying a morphometric approach for quantification of the epithelial cell proliferation induced by the hormone. A small male dove, indigenous from South America (Zenaida auriculata) previously castrated was used as experimental animal. The total dose of prolactin was divided into 4 daily injections administered systemically into the pectoral muscles. The number of the proliferated cell layers ysed as the bioassay end point was analyzedstatistically. This procedure yields a highly sensitive bioassay with an excellent precision index, particularly well suited for quantification of the different molecular forms of pituitary PRL (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Bioensaio/métodos , Prolactina/análise , Papo das Aves/efeitos dos fármacos , Columbidae , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Epitélio/efeitos dos fármacos , Epitélio/ultraestrutura , Injeções Intramusculares , Prolactina/administração & dosagem , Prolactina/farmacologia , Estimulação Química , Papo das Aves/ultraestruturaRESUMO
A pigeon crop-sac bioassay for prolactin was developed applying a morphometric approach for quantification of the epithelial cell proliferation induced by the hormone. A small male dove, indigenous from South America (Zenaida auriculata) previously castrated was used as experimental animal. The total dose of prolactin was divided into 4 daily injections administered systemically into the pectoral muscles. The number of the proliferated cell layers ysed as the bioassay end point was analyzedstatistically. This procedure yields a highly sensitive bioassay with an excellent precision index, particularly well suited for quantification of the different molecular forms of pituitary PRL