RESUMO

Buzionema lutgardae n. sp. (Nematoda: Oxyuridomorpha: Thelastomatidae) is described from the cockroach Byrsotria sp. (Blattaria: Blaberidae), endemic to Cuba. Females of B. lutgardae n. sp. are shorter than those of B. validum Kloss, 1966 (16002150 µm vs. 31313378 µm), but the oesophagus is comparatively longer (b = 2.963.77 vs. 4.654.87). The lateral alae of the new species extend from ca. the midpoint of the cylindrical part of the procorpus to the level of the anus in contrast to the base of the basal bulb to the level of the anus in B. validum. The males of B. lutgardae n. sp. are shorter than those of B. validum (780940 µm vs. 11771423 µm) and their lateral alae end at some distance before the cloaca instead the level of the cloaca in B. validum. The phylogeny of B. lutgardae n. sp. is inferred by the D2-D3 domains of the 28S rDNA. B. lutgardae n. sp. and B. validum form a monophyletic clade with strong nodal support, as sister-group of the genus Leidynema Schwenck in Travassos, 1929.

Assuntos

RESUMO

García Coy (1994) described the hystrignathid nematode Longior alius García Coy, 1994 parasitizing the passalid beetle Antillanax pertyi (Kaup, 1869) from Guantánamo province, Eastern Cuba. Morffe García (2011) continued the studies on Cuban Longior and described L. longior Morffe García, 2011. Morffe et al. (2018) redescribed L. longior with the aid of SEM and molecular techniques. In their research the authors studied Longior individuals from the same host species and a locality close to the type locality of L. alius and compared their morphology, measurements and DNA markers with other material of L. longior. As a result of this analysis Morffe et al. (2018) concluded that L. alius and L. longior are conspecific and proposed L. alius as a synonym of L. longior.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Oxyurid nematodes parasitizing the mole cricket Neoscapteriscus vicinus were isolated in the framework of sampling fields of mole-crickets from the pampean region, in Argentina. In this work, molecular characterization of the 18S rRNA partial sequence of nematodes belonging to the families Thelastomatidae (Cameronia arecoensis Marchissio and Miralles 1987) and Travassosinematidae (Binema korsakowi Sergiev 1923 and Binema klossae, Marchissio and Miralles 1993) were carried out. This is the first world report of sequences belonging to B. klossae and C. arecoensis and first Argentinian report of B. korsakowi sequence. Also, morphological and morphometric features of B. klossae, B. korsakowi and C. arecoensis from Argentinian populations are reported.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Thelastomatidae is one of the largest families parasitizing insects, within the order Oxyurida. In this work we reported parasitism in nymphs and adults of Neocurtilla claraziana by two different thelastomatid species as a part of a field survey on agricultural pests. Nymphs and adults of this insect were isolated from grasslands of Buenos Aires State, Argentina using a tensio-active solution. The nematode species Gryllophila skrjabini Sergiev, 1923 and Cephalobellus magalhaesi Schwenk, 1926 are briefly described and measurements are given. Both nematodes are reported for the first time in Argentina with C. magalhaesi being the second isolation of this species in the world. Neocurtilla clarziana is a new host record for G. skrjabini.

Thelastomatidae es una de las principales familias que parasitan insectos, dentro del orden Oxyurida. En este trabajo informamos parasitismo en ninfas y adultos de Neocurtilla claraziana, por dos especies de thelastomatidos, como parte de un estudio de campo sobre plagas agrícolas. Las ninfas y los adultos de este insecto fueron aisladas de pastizales de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, utilizando soluciones tensio-activas. Las especies de nematodos Gryllophila skrjabini Sergiev, 1923 y Cephalobellus magalhaesi Schwenk, 1926 son descriptas brevemente y sus medidas son dadas. Ambos nematodos son citados por primera vez para Argentina, constituyendo Cephalobellus magalhaesi el segundo aislamiento de esta especie en el mundo. Neocurtilla clarziana constituyó un nuevo registro de hospedador para G. skrjabini.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Thelastomatidae is one of the largest families parasitizing insects, within the order Oxyurida. In this work we reported parasitism in nymphs and adults of Neocurtilla claraziana by two different thelastomatid species as a part of a field survey on agricultural pests. Nymphs and adults of this insect were isolated from grasslands of Buenos Aires State, Argentina using a tensio-active solution. The nematode species Gryllophila skrjabini Sergiev, 1923 and Cephalobellus magalhaesi Schwenk, 1926 are briefly described and measurements are given. Both nematodes are reported for the first time in Argentina with C. magalhaesi being the second isolation of this species in the world. Neocurtilla clarziana is a new host record for G. skrjabini.(AU)

Thelastomatidae es una de las principales familias que parasitan insectos, dentro del orden Oxyurida. En este trabajo informamos parasitismo en ninfas y adultos de Neocurtilla claraziana, por dos especies de thelastomatidos, como parte de un estudio de campo sobre plagas agrícolas. Las ninfas y los adultos de este insecto fueron aisladas de pastizales de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, utilizando soluciones tensio-activas. Las especies de nematodos Gryllophila skrjabini Sergiev, 1923 y Cephalobellus magalhaesi Schwenk, 1926 son descriptas brevemente y sus medidas son dadas. Ambos nematodos son citados por primera vez para Argentina, constituyendo Cephalobellus magalhaesi el segundo aislamiento de esta especie en el mundo. Neocurtilla clarziana constituyó un nuevo registro de hospedador para G. skrjabini.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The thelastomatoid pinworm fauna (Nematoda: Oxyurida: Thelastomatoidea) was surveyed in 3 endemic species and 6 introduced species of cockroach hosts (Insecta: Blattaria) in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. A total of 658 host specimens were examined from preserved collections that had been collected between 1966 and 2003 from 7 islands in the archipelago. Eight species of pinworms were identified from these cockroach hosts, including the dominant species Cephalobellus ovumglutinosus and a Severianoia sp. as well as Leidynema appendiculata, Hammerschmidtiella diesingi, an unidentified Cephalobellus species resembling Cephalobellus magalhaesi, an unidentified Protrellus species closely resembling Protrellus shamimi, and an undescribed Blattophila sp. Five new host records are identified for C. ovumglutinosus including the endemic Galápagos cockroaches Chorisoneura carpenteri, Ischnoptera snodgrassii, and Ischnoptera santacruzensis. These endemics were also infected with an undescribed Blatticola sp. Other species recorded resemble known pinworms from other hosts around the world. Prevalence between islands and between host species was variable, but total prevalence for individual pinworm species was consistently low (<10%). A single host specimen examined was infected with more than 1 pinworm species; otherwise only a single species was observed in each infected host. At least 1 introduced pinworm species carried to the islands via invasive cockroach hosts was present in endemic host species, but several globally widespread introduced pinworm species were absent from endemic cockroaches. Santa Cruz was inhabited by the greatest number of pinworm species, likely due to a higher rate of invasive host introduction. This survey, the first from this region, showed that the distribution and transmission of pinworms in the Galápagos Islands is complex and may provide future models of invertebrate dispersal and speciation in an ecosystem already rich with examples of evolution.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: We report the discovery of a nematode parasite egg (Nemata: Oxyurida) from a coprolite closely associated with the remains of several species of Cynodontia, dated to 240 million years old. This finding is particularly significant because this is the oldest record of an oxyurid nematode yet discovered, and because the cynodonts are considered a stem-group of the mammals. METHODS: We extracted material from a fully mineralized coprolite by both scraping the surface, and removing fragments from its interior with clean dental instruments used a single time. A single drop of glycerol from a new vial was added as a clearing reagent. Each slide was sealed with wax and examined with an optical microscope at 100× to 400× magnification. RESULTS: From one coprolite, 550 slides were examined; from 275 of these slides, sediment was examined that was scraped from the surface of the coprolite, and from the other 275 slides, material was examined that was extracted from the interior of the coprolite. All microscopic structures encountered were photographed, measured, and identified when possible. CONCLUSIONS: From the coprolite examined, we discovered an egg representing a new species of pinworm that, based on the egg structure, clearly places it in the family Heteroxynematidae. Nematodes of the order Oxyurida have very constrained life-histories, occurring only in animals that are not strictly carnivorous and also ingest large amounts of plant material. This fact enabled us to determine which species of cynodont, from several collected at the site in Brazil, are most likely the depositors of the coprolite, and therefore were the putative host of the parasite.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A new species of the genus Protrellus, P. blatta sp. nov. parasitizing a field cockroach Blatella vaga Hebard, 1919, from El Tala river, Catamarca, Argentina, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by having the mouth opening circular, the buccal capsule with eight very small teeth, the nerve ring around oesophageal corpus, the excretory pore anterior to vulva, the vulva anterior to base of oesophagus, didelphic, the posterior ovary reflexed anterior to rectum, about one third of a body length from posterior end, the egg ellipsoidal, colourless, bearing a lateral cuticular crest, tail conical, with long filiform projection, the male with testis single, outstretched, one spicule, very small, short and straight, gubernaculums absent, the genital papillae arranged in three pairs of ventrolateral papillae, of which the first pair are close together and preanal position, two pairs postanal, tail conical and short, less than one twentieth of total body. A taxonomic key of Protrellus species is given.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In recent years populations of howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in southeastern Mexico have decreased substantially due to the transformation and loss of natural habitats. This is especially evident in the Santa Marta mountain range, Veracruz, Mexico where several studies have evaluated the impact of fragmentation on howler monkey populations in order to propose management programs for their conservation. The conditions generated by fragmentation likely change the rates of parasitic infection and could decrease howler survival. In this study, gastrointestinal parasite species richness, prevalence, and egg density of infection were determined in howler groups inhabiting five forest fragments at the Santa Marta mountain range. Two hundred and seventy-eight fresh fecal samples were collected between October 2002 and April 2003. Three parasite species were found during the dry and the wet season in all forest fragments sampled: one unidentified species of Eimeriidae; Trypanoxyuris minutus (Oxyuridae); and Controrchis biliophilus (Dicrocoeliidae). Both the prevalence of T. minutus and infection density for all parasites differed between seasons and fragments (the largest fragment consistently differed from other fragments). Host density, distance to the nearest town, fragment size, fragment shape, and total basal area of food trees explained parasite prevalence, but each species had a different pattern. Although parasite richness was lower, prevalence and density were higher than values reported for howlers in conserved forests. These results suggest that the establishment of biological corridors and animal translocation programs must take into account the parasite ecology of each fragment to avoid higher infection rates and preclude potential consequent mortality.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Cephalobellus cyclocephalae n. sp. (Oxyurida: Thelastomatidae), a parasite of larvae of Cyclocephala signaticollis (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae), found in Argentina is described and illustrated. It is characterized by the cuticle striated at the anterior end in both sexes, with 15 annules, buccal cavity short and not armed, and the male with 4 pairs of genital papillae, 1 pair of preanal papillae, 3 pairs of postanal papillae.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Cameronia laplatae n. sp. found in City Bell, Argentina, parasitizing crickets is described and illustrated. The new species is distinguished from other members of the genus Cameronia by the distribution pattern of the genital papillae in the male. It differs from all congeners mainly in having two pairs preanal y two pairs postanal papillae.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A new pinworm parasite is described from Abrocoma cinerea, a caviomorph rodent of the superfamily Octodontoidea from the Andes of Bolivia. The new species, Helminthoxys abrocomae n. sp., possesses special secretory mamelons which we consider a synapomorphy of the genus Helminthoxys. Within Helminthoxys, the closest relatives are found in octodontoid rodents: H. gigantea occurs in Octodon degus in Chile and O. bridgesi in Argentina, and H. freitasi is a parasite of Thrichomys aperoides in Brazil. H. abrocomae n. sp. differs from both other species morphometrically in relation to different parts of the body in both sexes, particularly the size of the body, spicule, gubernaculum and eggs, by the presence of a rough cuticular area around the cephalic sensory papillae and by the possession of very well-developed cervical alae which are strongly curved dorsally. H. abrocomae n. sp. is the tenth nominal species described in Helminthoxys, all of them being parasites of caviomorph rodents.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Euryconema brevicauda n. sp. parasitizing the mole cricket Neocurtilla claraziana found in Buenos Aires province, Argentina, is described and illustrated. This species is characterized by the male having 3 pairs of genital papillae, 1 pair preanal and 2 pairs postanal, and a short, conical-shaped tail.

Assuntos