RESUMO
Inflammation is part of a defense reaction of live tissues that is triggered by pathogens, chemical reagents, trauma, and radiation. Understanding the inflammatory process triggered by Zika virus (ZIKV) is important to better understand the pathogen-host interaction. The evaluation of this process can be done using tools such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Both techniques have been an indispensable tool not just for immunologists but for all interested in understanding the inflammatory process.
Assuntos
Inflamação/diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , Zika virus/fisiologia , Animais , Barreira Hematotesticular/imunologia , Barreira Hematotesticular/metabolismo , Barreira Hematotesticular/virologia , Morte Celular , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/genética , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/imunologia , Humanos , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/imunologia , Inflamação/virologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Orquite/diagnóstico , Orquite/genética , Orquite/imunologia , Orquite/virologia , Testículo/patologia , Testículo/fisiologia , Zika virus/imunologia , Zika virus/patogenicidade , Infecção por Zika virus/complicações , Infecção por Zika virus/genética , Infecção por Zika virus/imunologia , Infecção por Zika virus/metabolismoRESUMO
Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a proto-type member of galectin family, is highly expressed in immune privileged sites, including the testis. However, in spite of considerable progress the relevance of endogenous and exogenous Gal-1 in testis pathophysiology have not yet been explored. Here we evaluated the in vivo roles of Gal-1 in experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO), a well-established model of autoimmune testicular inflammation associated with subfertility and infertility. A significant reduction in the incidence and severity of EAO was observed in mice genetically deficient in Gal-1 (Lgals1(-/-)) versus wild-type (WT) mice. Testicular histopathology revealed the presence of multifocal testicular damage in WT mice characterized by an interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrate and different degrees of germ cell sloughing of seminiferous tubules. TUNEL assay and assessment of active caspase-3 expression, revealed the prevalence of apoptotic spermatocytes mainly localized in the adluminal compartment of seminiferous tubules in EAO mice. A significant increased number of TUNEL-positive germ cells was detected in EAO testis from WT compared with Lgals1(-/-) mice. In contrast, exogenous administration of recombinant Gal-1 to WT mice undergoing EAO attenuated the severity of the disease. Our results unveil a dual role of endogenous versus exogenous Gal-1 in the control of autoimmune testis inflammation.